Towcester

Infobox UK place
country = England
official_name= Towcester
latitude= 52.13
longitude= -0.99
civil_parish= Towcester
population = 8,856 (2001 Census)
shire_district= South Northamptonshire
shire_county= Northamptonshire
region= East Midlands
constituency_westminster= Daventry
post_town= TOWCESTER
postcode_district = NN12
postcode_area= NN
dial_code= 01327
os_grid_reference= SP691481
static_

static_image_caption= The Old Town Hall,
Towcester, Northamptonshire

Towcester (pronEng|ˈtoʊstɚ), the Roman town of Lactodorum, is a small town in Northamptonshire, England. The English name is derived from the Latin for "Camp on the (river) Tove".

Location

The town is ca.convert|8|mi|km|0 southwest of Northampton and ca.convert|10|mi|km|0 northwest of Milton Keynes, the nearest main towns.

Demographics

The population was 8,856 at the time of the 2001 census but has since rapidly expanded and there are plans to expand still further.

Governance

The town has its own Town Council [cite web|title = Towcester Town Council|url =http://www.towcester-tc.gov.uk/ |accessdate = 2008-06-05] . with limited powers and is also the administrative headquarters of the South Northamptonshire district council [cite web|title = (SNC)|url =http://www.southnorthants.gov.uk/ South Northants District Council|accessdate = 2008-06-05] . The town is in the Northampton County Council area. [cite web|title = Northamptonshire County Council|url =http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/ Northamptonshire County Council|accessdate = 2008-06-06] .

Facilities

The town has good shopping facilities with the two major supermarket chains of Waitrose, part of the John Lewis Partnership and Tesco, plus a very good number and range of smaller shops and stores.

St. Lawrence' Church (CofE) stands in the middle of the town. It has a 12th century Norman Transitional ground plan and foundation, probably laid over a Saxon 10th century stone building. Its ecclesiastical heritage may well relate back to the Roman times as St Lawrence was patron saint of the Roman Legions. The building was reconstructed in the Perpendicular style 1480-85 when the Tower was added. Permission to quarry stone for this restoration from Whittlebury Forest was granted by Edward IV and later confirmed by Richard III on his way towards Leicestershire and his death at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

The church contains a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_errata#The_Great_Bible "Treacle" Bible] , a table tomb and cadaver of Archdeacon Sponne, Rector 1422–1448. The Archdeacon started what was thought to be the oldest Grammar school in Northamptonshire, which was merged with the old Secondary Modern School in Towcester to produce Sponne School. The church tower contains more bells than probably any other Parish Church in the land: a fine peal of 12 bells and a chime of 9 bells which ring the hours and chime tunes at frequent intervals.

port

Towcester is famous for its Racecourse, originally part of the Easton Neston estate on the east side of the town. Many important national Horse racing events are held there.

Nearby is the Silverstone motor racing circuit, currently home to the British F1 Grand Prix. In fiction, the "Saracen's Head Inn" in Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places along what is now the A5 trunk road.

History

Prehistoric and Roman periods

Towcester lays claim to being the oldest town in Northamptonshire and possibly, because of the antiquity of recent Iron Age finds in the town, to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. There is evidence that it was settled by humans since the Mesolithic era (middle stone age). There is also evidence of Iron Age burials in the area.

In Roman times, the Watling Street road (now the A5) was built through the area and a garrison town called "Lactodurum" was established on the site of the present day town. Some say the Battle of Watling Street was fought in 61 at a site two miles to the south-east of Towcester, in that small strange dip in Watling Street, or the A5 as it is now, in that corner of Northamptonshire known as Cuttle Mill.

Lactodurum was encompassed by a wall that was strengthened at several points by brick towers. Substantial remains of one of these towers could be seen until the 1960s, when it was demolished to make way for a telephone exchange. The wall was also surrounded by a ditch part of which became the Mill Leat on the east side of the town.

The modern day St Lawrence's Church in Towcester is thought to occupy the site of a large Roman civic building, possibly a temple. Small fragments of Roman pavement can be seen next to the church's boiler room.

It is also thought that a Roman pillar is in the garden of one of the houses along Watling Street.

The Saxon period and Medieval age

When the Romans left in the 5th century, the area was settled by Saxons. In the 8th century, the Watling Street became the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and Danelaw, and thus Towcester became a frontier town. Edward the Elder fortified Towcester in 914. In the 11th century, the Normans built a motte and bailey castle on the site. Bury Mount is what is left of the Norman fortification consisting of a Motte and Bailey is a scheduled Ancient Monument. It is currently (from 2008) undergoing repair and renovation.

Georgian and Victorian periods

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, in the heyday of the stagecoach, the Watling Street became a major coaching road between London and Holyhead, and Towcester flourished, becoming a major stopping point. Many coaching inns and stabling facilities were provided for travellers in Towcester many of which remain.

The coaching trade came to an abrupt halt in 1838 when the London and Birmingham Railway was opened, and Towcester soon reverted to being a quiet market town. By the 1870s, Towcester was linked to the national rail network by the Stratford and Midland Junction Railway, known as the "SMJ", cite web|title = Stratford and Midland Junction Railway (SMJ)|url =http://www.towcestersrailwayhistory.co.uk|accessdate = 2008-06-05] . , which closed to passengers in 1951, and was later shut completely as part of the 1960's Beeching cuts. The railway station on the SMJ is now the site of the Tesco supermarket.

Post Victorian

The motor age brought new life to the town. Although the A43 now by-passes the town, the A5 trunk traffic still passes directly through the historic market town centre causing traffic jams at some times of the day. The resulting pollution has led to the town centre being designated an [http://www.bbc.co.uk/northamptonshire/content/articles/2006/05/24/climate_chaos_air_pollution_feature.shtml Air Quality Management Area] . An A5 north-south by-pass is likely with plans for expansion of the town being planned by the West Northamptonshire Development Corporation.

References

InternetExternal
* [http://northamptoncastle.homeip.net/towcester/books/guide/book.htm 1960's guide to the town and surrounding rural area]
* [http://northamptoncastle.homeip.net/towcester/ Old Postcards, Guides and more]
* [http://www.localauthoritypublishing.co.uk/councils/towcester/index.html Town guide]
* [http://www.sponneschool.northants.sch.uk Sponne School Technology College, Towcester]
* [http://www.mkheritage.co.uk/tdlhs/ Towcester and District Local History Society]
* [http://www.towcester-rotary.org.uk Towcester Rotary Club]
* [http://www.towcesterstudioband.co.uk Towcester Studio Band]
* [http://www.towcester-racecourse.co.uk Towcester Racecourse]
* [http://www.towcester-partnership.org The Towcester Partnership]
* [http://www.towcesterjuniorfc.co.uk Towcester Junior Football Club]