Chelmsford, Massachusetts

This article is about the town in Massachusetts. For the town in the United Kingdom, see Chelmsford.

Town of Chelmsford
—  Town  —
First Parish UU Church
Motto: Let the children guard what the sires have won.
Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°35′59″N 71°22′04″W / 42.59972°N 71.36778°W / 42.59972; -71.36778Coordinates: 42°35′59″N 71°22′04″W / 42.59972°N 71.36778°W / 42.59972; -71.36778
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Middlesex
Settled	1633
Incorporated	1655
Government
– Type	Representative town meeting
– Town Manager	Paul Cohen
– Board of    Selectmen	George Dixon Chair(2012) Matt Hanson Vice-Chair(2013) James Lane (2014) Jon Kurland (2013) Pat Wotjas (2012)
Area
– Total	23.2 sq mi (60.0 km2)
– Land	22.7 sq mi (58.7 km2)
– Water	0.5 sq mi (1.4 km2)
Elevation	246 ft (75 m)
Population (2007)
– Total	33,802
– Density	1,503.4/sq mi (581.4/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
– Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code	01824, 01863
Area code(s)	351 / 978
FIPS code	25-13135
GNIS feature ID	0618220
Website	www.townofchelmsford.us

Chelmsford ( /ˈtʃɛlmsfərd/) is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts in the Greater Boston area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 33,802. The Census Bureau's 2008 population estimate for the town was 34,409, ranking it 14th in population among the 54 municipalities in Middlesex county. It is located 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Boston and, bordering on the city of Lowell, is part of the Greater Lowell metropolitan area. Besides Lowell on its northeast, Chelmsford is surrounded by five towns: Tyngsborough to the north, Tewksbury to the east, Billerica to the southeast, Carlisle to the south, and Westford to the west. Chelmsford is bordered by two sizable rivers: the Merrimack River to the north, and the Concord River to the east.

Named after Chelmsford, England, the town was incorporated in May 1655 by an act of the Massachusetts General Court. When Chelmsford was incorporated, its local economy was fueled by lumber mills, limestone quarries and kilns. The Chelmsford militia played a role in the American Revolution at the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill. The farming community of East Chelmsford was incorporated as Lowell in the 1820s; over the next decades it would go on to become one of the first large-scale factory towns in the United States because of its early role in the country's Industrial Revolution. Chelmsford experienced a drastic increase in population between 1950 and 1970, coinciding with the connection of US Route 3 in Lowell to Massachusetts Route 128 in the 1950s and the extension of US Route 3 from Chelmsford to New Hampshire in the 1960s.

Chelmsford has a representative town meeting form of government. The current town manager is Paul Cohen. The town has one public high school – Chelmsford High School – as well as two middle schools, and four elementary schools. The charter middle school started in Chelmsford became a regional charter school (Innovation Academy Charter School) covering grades 5 through 12, now located in Tyngsborough. In 2007, Chelmsford was declared the 21st best place to live in the United States by Money magazine.^[1]

History

Settlers from the adjacent communities of Woburn and Concord founded Chelmsford. An act of the Massachusetts General Court in the last week of May 1655 town incorporated Chelmsford, and it was named after Chelmsford, England. The nearby communities of Groton and Billerica were incorporated at the same time. Chelmsford originally contained the neighboring town of Westford, and parts of Carlisle, Tyngsborough, and a large part of Lowell (formerly known as East Chelmsford). Both the Middlesex Canal and Middlesex Turnpike, major transportation routes, were built through Chelmsford in the first part of the 19th century.^{[citation needed]}

The Chelmsford militia played a role in the American Revolution at the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, the latter where Colonel Moses Parker (namesake of the Parker School) and Captain Benjamin Walker of this town were killed.^{[citation needed]}

Ralph Waldo Emerson opened a school in Chelmsford in 1825, closing it after a few months to take over his brother's school in Roxbury.^[2]

Chelmsford, Massachusetts was the birthplace of the Chelmsford Spring Co. in 1901, which later became the Chelmsford Ginger Ale Company, acquired by Canada Dry in 1928. The ginger ale plant, rebuilt in 1912 after a disastrous fire consumed the original plant, stood on Route 110 until its demolition in 1994. The Chelmsford brand of golden ginger ale continued to be manufactured by Canada Dry for decades. It is currently manufactured by Polar Beverages for DeMoulas' Market Basket Supermarkets, based out of neighboring Tewksbury.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Chelmsford, Massachusetts
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     3.5   35 17     2.8   38 19     4.1   47 27     3.8   58 36     3.7   69 46     3.4   77 55     3.6   82 60     3.4   81 59     3.4   73 50     3.9   62 39     3.8   51 31     3.5   40 22 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Source: [3]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     90   2 -8     72   3 -7     103   8 -3     96   14 2     93   21 8     85   25 13     91   28 16     87   27 15     86   23 10     100   17 4     97   11 -1     90   4 -6 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.2 square miles (60 km²), of which, 22.6 square miles (59 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²) of it (2.29%) is water. Chelmsford is bordered by two sizable rivers: the Merrimack River to the north, and the Concord River to the east.

Chelmsford consists of several neighborhoods. In addition to the town center, smaller areas include South Chelmsford, West Chelmsford, East Chelmsford, North Chelmsford and The Westlands. North Chelmsford, an industrial village, is distinct from the rest of the town to the extent that it has many of its own town services. The northern parts of Chelmsford tend to be more urban and densely populated, while the south is generally more rural.

Like much of the rest of Massachusetts, Chelmsford has a humid continental climate according to the Köppen climate classification. Summers are typically warm and humid, while winters tend to be cold, windy, and snowy. The level of precipitation is roughly consistent throughout the year.^[3]

Demographics

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1850	2,097	—
1860	2,291	+9.3%
1870	2,374	+3.6%
1880	2,553	+7.5%
1890	2,695	+5.6%
1900	3,984	+47.8%
1910	5,010	+25.8%
1920	5,682	+13.4%
1930	7,022	+23.6%
1940	8,077	+15.0%
1950	9,407	+16.5%
1960	15,130	+60.8%
1970	31,432	+107.7%
1980	31,174	−0.8%
1990	32,383	+3.9%
2000	33,858	+4.6%
2001*	33,789	−0.2%
2002*	33,668	−0.4%
2003*	33,596	−0.2%
2004*	33,451	−0.4%
2005*	33,422	−0.1%
2006*	33,346	−0.2%
2007*	33,567	+0.7%
2008*	33,752	+0.6%
2009*	34,106	+1.0%
2010	33,802	−0.9%
* = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

As of the US census of 2000,^[14] there were 33,858 people, 12,812 households, and 9,301 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,495.0 people per square mile (577.2/km²). There were 13,025 housing units at an average density of 575.1 per square mile (222.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.09% White, 0.79% African American, 0.07% Native American, 4.62% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 12,812 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $70,207, and the median income for a family was $82,676 (these figures had risen to $87,252 and $105,105 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).^[15] Males had a median income of $56,493 versus $38,927 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,465. About 2.0% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

Crime

As of 2008, Chelmsford had a violent crime rate of 132 incidents per 100,000 people,^[16] compared to a rate of 449 in Massachusetts as a whole and 455 nationwide.^[17][18][19] The town had a property crime rate of 1,904 incidents per 100,000 people in 2008,^[16] compared to a rate of 2,400 for the state and 3,213 nationwide.^[18][19] Chelmsford has one police station located near McCarthy Middle School. The 25,000 square feet (2,300 m²), $7.19-million dollar structure began operation in 2003.^[20]

Government

The town uses a representative town meeting model with a Board of Selectmen overseeing the operation of the town. As of April 2010, the members of the Board of Selectmen are: Chairman George Dixon, Vice Chairman Matt Hanson, Clerk James Lane, Jon Kurland and Pat Wotjas. Reporting to the Board of Selectmen are the town manager, counsel, and accountant. The town manager oversees the public employees and serves as Chief Executive Officer. Until recently, this position was held by Bernard F. Lynch, who has left to become the city manager of Lowell. The current town manager is Paul Cohen. Other elected boards include the Planning Board, School Committee, Library Trustees, Cemetery Commission, Board of Health, Sewer Commission and the Zoning Board of Appeals.^[21]

Chelmsford has been represented in the Massachusetts Senate by state senator Susan Fargo since 1997.^[22][23] The town sends four delegates to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, each of whom represent one or more of Chelmsford's nine precincts.^[22] Corey Atkins is the state representative for precincts one and nine; Thomas Golden, precincts two, six and eight; James Arciero, precincts three, five and seven; and David Nangle, precinct four.^[22]

Education

The Chelmsford public schools district serves students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. According to data for 2008–09 from the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (ESE),^[24] schools in the district include the Charles D. Harrington school serving 586 students in pre-Kindergarten through grade four. There are three other elementary schools serving Kindergarten through fourth grade: Byam Elementary School, with 536 students; Center Elementary School, with 521 students; and South Row, with 473 students. Westlands Elementary School, which had been serving Kindergarten through fourth grade, with 366 students as of the 2007–08 school year,^[25] was closed in 2008 due to budget cuts, and North School burned down in 1981. Chelmsford has two middle schools, serving grades five through eight: Colonel Moses Parker Middle School, with 757 students; and McCarthy Middle School, with 947 students. The town contains one high school, Chelmsford High School, serving grades nine through twelve to 1,641 students as of 2008–09.^[24] The town also had one public charter school, Innovation Academy, serving 400 students in grades five through ten. As of September 2008, Innovation Academy moved to the town of Tyngsborough, currently serving grades five through eleven.^[26]

All expenditures considered, the Chelmsford public schools district spent $10,070 per pupil as of 2008, which was lower than the state average of $12,449. This was an increase of almost $400 dollars from Chelmsford per-pupil spending in 2007. As of 2008 per-pupil allocation, $3,937 went to classroom and specialist teachers, $333 to administration, and $185 to instructional materials, equipment and technology.^[27]

In 2009, Chelmsford High School ranked 66th out of 150 public high schools considered by Boston Magazine. The ranking took into account many statistics associated with quality of education and academic performance, including the school's 14.5:1 student–teacher ratio.^[28] In the 2006–2007 school year, the average SAT scores for Chelmsford High School were 527 in the reading section, 519 in writing, and 535 in math.^[29] Chelmsford High School performed significantly better than the state average in the English, math and science portions of the 2009 Grade 10 MCAS tests, scoring 89, 87 and 77 out of 100, respectively.^[30]

Transportation

Chelmsford is located at the intersection of the major US highways of I-495 and Route 3. Also found in Chelmsford are state routes 3A, 4, 27, 40, 110, and 129.

Chelmsford Center is a notorious^{[citation needed]} junction of roadways. The heart of the town center is Central Square - the junction of routes 4, 110, the end of 129, and Westford Street. The Square is affectionately known as 'Chicken Corner' to locals.^{[citation needed]} Until the 21st century, lights there were seen as non-'historic', crossing the 1 acre (0.40 ha) of pavement with no controls save a few stop signs was akin to a game of Chicken. Drivers would wait in long lines of cars to enter the square, where they often would invent their own lanes, waiting for a relatively safe chance to cross. In 2004, the town was forced to put in stoplights and lane markers. They were necessary to control the traffic-clogged center. In addition to the Square, Chelmsford Center is a series of merging and splitting roads, many one-way, including the beginning of route 27.

Chelmsford is also home to the former Drum Hill Rotary. This rotary was the cause of many accidents that occurred due to its small overall size and ability for vehicles to gain speed. It formed the intersection of U.S. Route 3 (exit 32), Route 4, Drum Hill Road, and Westford Road.The rotary was demolished in 2003. It was replaced with a four intersection square with traffic lights, and is now called Drum Hill Square. This was part of a widening project for U.S. Highway 3 between Interstate 95 (Route 128) and the New Hampshire state line.

Freight travels daily through Chelmsford over the tracks of the historic Stony Brook Railroad. The line currently serves as a major corridor of Pan Am Railway's District 3 which connects New Hampshire and Maine with western Massachusetts, Vermont, and New York.^[31]

The Massachusetts Department of Transportation is currently constructing the Bruce N. Freeman Rail Trail, running 6.8 miles (10.9 km) through Chelmsford, including the Central Square intersection. The Bike Path will also run through part of Westford, Massachusetts. Groundbreaking for the Rail Trail was held on October 9, 2007 after more than 20 years of planning and design.^[32]

North Chelmsford will get a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority commuter rail station if the proposed extension of the Lowell Line to Nashua, New Hampshire is completed.^{[citation needed]}

Historic places in Chelmsford

• Chelmsford Center Historic District
• Fiske House (1798)
• Hildreth-Robbins House (1742)
• Middlesex Canal (1802)
• Chelmsford Garrison House (1691), now a museum
• Oliver Hutchins House (1820)

Notable residents

• Josiah Gardner Abbott (1814–1891), born in Chelmsford, member of the United States House of Representatives, the Massachusetts House of Representatives and the Massachusetts Senate^[33]
• Keith Aucoin, current NHL player, Washington Capitals
• Phil Bourque, NHL veteran, two Stanley Cups with the Pittsburgh Penguins
• Gerry Callahan, popular albeit controversial Boston Herald and former Sports Illustrated sports columnist and co-host of WEEI's Dennis and Callahan, the popular sports radio morning program based in Boston. Played on Chelmsford High School's first ever "Super Bowl" team in 1978. Many consider him the reason Chelmsford lost the game for he drew a penalty on a touchdown play resulting in Chelmsford High School's loss. This play led to the nickname Gerry "The Clipper" Callahan, which people often call up and mention on his radio show.
• Dan Curran, former fullback/linebacker for the Arena Football League's New Orleans VooDoo and National Football League (2001–2009).
• Mark Eshbaugh, artist, author, musician and former professor at the University of Massachusetts Lowell
• Steve Hunt, jazz pianist who recorded and toured with Allan Holdsworth, Stanley Clarke, and Billy Cobham; teaches at Berklee College of Music
• Ulysses John "Tony" Lupien, Major League baseball player and the baseball coach at Dartmouth College for 21 seasons, born in Chelmsford in 1917
• Jon Morris, NHL veteran, New Jersey Devils
• Benjamin Pierce, Governor of New Hampshire and the father of U.S. president Franklin Pierce, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts in 1757.
• Peter Torkildsen, chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party and former two-term Congressman in Massachusetts' 6th District, from 1993 to 1997
• John Traphagan, author, associate professor of Religious Studies and Anthropology, and former director of the Center for East Asian Studies, University of Texas at Austin
• Kristen Wilson, an actress appearing in several films, television shows and plays, including the national tour of West Side Story
• Lance Wilder, background design supervisor for The Simpsons, 1986 Chelmsford High School graduate. The elementary school appearing in The Simpsons is based on McCarthy Middle School, which was Chelmsford's high school before the construction of the current Chelmsford High School in 1974. The town hall in the show is based on the Chelmsford Public Library (prior to the recent reconstruction). Many other local businesses and stores in Chelmsford find their way into the background in The Simpsons' hometown of Springfield, including Zesty Pizza, and the now defunct, Skip's Restaurant, Skip's Ice Cream, Tony and Ann's Pizza, and Jack's Diner.
• Jon McKennedy, NASCAR Driver
• Bill Cooke, Pro Football player.
• Amanda Orlando Radio personality & Actress. Co-host of billboards number one rated 'Bill & Amanda in the Morning' show on WUBE 105 in Cincinnati, nominated 3 times for the Academy of Country Music's radio show of the year.
• Tyson Thomas, philanthropist and educational benefactor.
• Rich Burt, Founder of Burt's Bees Beeswax Lip Balm
• George Condo, Chelmsford High School graduate. Painter who has exhibited at the New Museum and the Whitney Museum Biennial. His artwork can also be found on the cover of Kanye West's 2011 album, "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy." He formerly worked as a printer for Andy Warhol.]].^[34]
• Gururaj Deshpande, Co-founder of Sycamore Networks, Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation at MIT, social entrepreneur.

References

1. ^ Ashford, Kate; Bartz, Andrea; Cox, Jeff; Fitch, Asa; Gandel, Stephen; Hyatt, Josh; Kelley, Rob; Knight, Kathleen et al. (2009). "Best Places to Live: Top 100". CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0707/gallery.BPTL_top_100.moneymag/21.html. Retrieved December 31, 2009. 
2. ^ "Emerson Chronology". Ralph Waldo Emerson Society. March 13, 2008. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/emerson/chronology/emersonchronsublink.html. Retrieved January 10, 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Monthly averages and records". MSN. 2010. http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:USMA0080&q=Chelmsford%2c+MA. Retrieved January 25, 2010. 
4. ^ "TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/P1/0400000US25.06000. Retrieved September 13, 2011. 
5. ^ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US25&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1&-ds_name=PEP_2009_EST&-_lang=en&-format=ST-9&-_sse=on. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
6. ^ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts". US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp1/cp-1-23.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
7. ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts". US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_maABC-01.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
8. ^ "1950 Census of Population". Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
9. ^ "1920 Census of Population". Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
10. ^ "1890 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
11. ^ "1870 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870e-05.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
12. ^ "1860 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-08.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
13. ^ "1850 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1850c-11.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
14. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
15. ^ "2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=06000US2500538225&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US25%7C05000US25005%7C06000US2500538225&_street=&_county=chelmsford&_cityTown=chelmsford&_state=04000US25&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=060&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=. Retrieved January 1, 2010. 
16. ^ ^{a b} "Massachusetts: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2008". US Federal Bureau of Investigation. http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/data/table_08_ma.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
17. ^ Penman, Shelley (July 2009). "Violent Crime in Massachusetts". Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security. http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/eops/Publications/082009_violent_crime_v5_jul09.pdf. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
18. ^ ^{a b} "Crime in the United States by State, 2008". US Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2009. http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/data/table_05.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
19. ^ ^{a b} "Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1989–2008". US Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 2009. http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/data/table_01.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
20. ^ Spoth, Tom (April 15, 2003). "Chelmsford station to open April 22 knock wood". The Sun. http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0FA70B81827BF88A&p_docnum=4&p_queryname=4. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
21. ^ "Elected Officials". Town of Chelmsford. January 25, 2010. http://wwc.townofchelmsford.us/officials/official.htm. Retrieved January 25, 2010. 
22. ^ ^{a b c} "State Legislators". Town of Chelmsford. http://www.townofchelmsford.us/State-Legislators.cfm. Retrieved January 25, 2010. 
23. ^ "About Senator Susan Fargo". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.mass.gov/hdc/about/bio_fargo.htm. Retrieved January 25, 2010. 
24. ^ ^{a b} "Student Data, Chelmsford: Enrollment by Grade". Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/profiles/student.aspx?orgcode=00560000&orgtypecode=5&. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
25. ^ "Search for Public Schools: Chelmsford". National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=2503510. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 
26. ^ "About us". "Innovation Academy Charter School". http://www.murdochschool.org/about/about_us.php. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 
27. ^ "General Data, Chelmsford: Total Expenditure Per Pupil, All Funds, By Function". Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/profiles/finance.aspx?orgcode=00560000&orgtypecode=5&leftNavId=501&. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
28. ^ Recck, George. "Public Schools Chart". Boston Magazine. http://www.bostonmagazine.com/boston/public2009. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
29. ^ "2006-07 SAT Report". Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/state_report/sat.aspx. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
30. ^ "Top-scoring districts on the 2009 Grade 10 MCAS exams". Boston Globe. September 14, 2009. http://www.boston.com/news/special/education/mcas/scores09/10th_top_districts.htm. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
31. ^ Pan Am Railways route map.panamrailways.com. Accessed August 31, 2007.
32. ^ MASSHIGHWAY Breaks Ground on Bruce Freeman Trail. brucefreemanrailtrail.org . Accessed August 5, 2008.
33. ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 1967. 
34. ^ "Portraits of Imaginary People: How George Condo reclaimed Old Master painting". The New Yorker. January 17, 2011. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/01/17/110117fa_fact_tomkins. Retrieved March 30, 2011. 

Further reading

• 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray. Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
• History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, by Wilson Waters, Henry Spaulding Perham, published 1917, 893 pages.
  Two versions of History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts are online: Page images and HTML
• History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume 1 (A-H), Volume 2 (L-W) compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879-1880. 572 and 505 pages. Chelmsford article by Frederick P. Hill in volume 1 page 367-380.
• [1]
• Money Magazine - Top 100 Places to Live

External links

• Chelmsford official website
• Chelmsford Historical Society
• Chelmsford Independent (local newspaper)
• Chelmsford Patch (local online newspaper)
• Chelmsford Library
• Innovation Academy