Staffordshire

Staffordshire
Geography
Status	Ceremonial & (smaller) Non-metropolitan county
Origin	Historic
Region	West Midlands
Area - Total - Admin. council - Admin. area	Ranked 18th 2,713 km2 (1,047 sq mi) Ranked 18th 2,620 km2 (1,010 sq mi)
Admin HQ	Stafford
ISO 3166-2	GB-STS
ONS code	41
NUTS 3	UKG24
Demography
Population - Total (2010 est.) - Density - Admin. council - Admin. pop.	Ranked 17th 1,071,400 395 /km2 (1,020 /sq mi) Ranked 8th 816,700N
Ethnicity	97.0% White 1.7% S.Asian
Politics
Staffordshire County Council http://www.staffordshire.gov.uk
Executive	Conservative
Members of Parliament	Karen Bradley (C) Bill Cash (C) Gavin Williamson (C) Andrew Griffiths (C) Michael Fabricant (C) Paul Farrelly (L) Tristram Hunt (L) Robert Flello (L) Joan Walley (L) Christopher Pincher (C) Jeremy Lefroy (C) Aidan Burley (C)
Districts
Tamworth Lichfield Cannock Chase South Staffordshire Stafford Newcastle-under-Lyme Staffordshire Moorlands East Staffordshire Stoke-on-Trent (Unitary)

Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or  /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county (less the unitary district of Stoke-on-Trent) is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG24) and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).

The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme and Tamworth. Wolverhampton and Walsall were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands county.

Apart from Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.

History

Main article: History of Staffordshire

Historically, Staffordshire was divided into the five hundreds of Cuttlestone, Offlow, Pirehill, Seisdon, and Totmonslow.

Lichfield Cathedral

The historic boundaries of Staffordshire cover much of what is now the metropolitan county of West Midlands. An administrative county of Staffordshire was set up in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 covering the county except the county boroughs of Wolverhampton, Walsall, and West Bromwich in the south (the area known as the Black Country), and Hanley in the north. The Act also saw the towns of Tamworth (partly in Warwickshire) and Burton upon Trent (partly in Derbyshire) united entirely in Staffordshire.

In 1553 Queen Mary made Lichfield a county separate from the rest of Staffordshire. It remained so until 1888.

Handsworth and Perry Barr became part of the county borough of Birmingham in the early 20th century, and thus associated with Warwickshire. Burton, in the east of the county, became a county borough in 1901, and was followed by Smethwick, another Black Country town in 1907. In 1910 the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries, including Hanley, became the single county borough of Stoke-on-Trent.

The Staffordshire Hoard, discovered in a field near Lichfield in July 2009, is perhaps the most important collection of Anglo-Saxon objects found in England

A major reorganisation in the Black Country in 1966, under the recommendation of the Local Government Commission for England led to the creation of an area of contiguous county boroughs. The County Borough of Warley was formed by the merger of the county borough of Smethwick and municipal borough of Rowley Regis with the Worcestershire borough of Oldbury: the resulting county borough was associated with Worcestershire. Meanwhile, the county borough of Dudley, historically a detached part of Worcestershire, expanded and became associated with Staffordshire instead. This reorganisation led to the administrative county of Staffordshire having a thin protrusion passing between the county boroughs (to the east) and Shropshire, to the west, to form a short border with Worcestershire.

Under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the county boroughs of the Black Country and the Aldridge-Brownhills Urban District of Staffordshire became, along with Birmingham, Solihull, and Coventry and other districts, a new metropolitan county of West Midlands. County boroughs were abolished, with Stoke becoming a non-metropolitan district in Staffordshire, and Burton forming an unparished area in the district of East Staffordshire. On 1 April 1997, under a recommendation of the Banham Commission, Stoke-on-Trent became a unitary authority independent of Staffordshire once more.

In July 2009, the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever found in Britain was discovered in a field near Lichfield. The artefacts, known as The Staffordshire Hoard have tentatively been dated to the 7th or 8th centuries, placing the origin of the items in the time of the Kingdom of Mercia.

Economy

Stafford town centre

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of the non-metropolitan county of Staffordshire at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[1]	Agriculture[2]	Industry[3]	Services[4]
1995	6,447	209	2,349	3,889
2000	8,621	150	2,986	5,485
2003	10,169	169	3,164	6,835

1. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
2. ^ includes hunting and forestry
3. ^ includes energy and construction
4. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured

Some nationally and internationally known companies have their base in Staffordshire.They include The Britannia Building Society which is based in Leek. JCB is based in Rocester near Uttoxeter.The theme park Alton Towers is in the Staffordshire Moorlands and several of the world's largest pottery manufacturers are based in Stoke On Trent.

Education

Staffordshire has a completely comprehensive system with eight independent schools. Most secondary schools are from 11–16 or 18, but two in Staffordshire Moorlands and South Staffordshire are from 13–18. Resources are shared where appropriate, as per the example of Kingsmead Technology College, Blake High School and Norton Canes High School combining their sixth forms to create a "Sixth Form Consortium", which can offer a greater selection of subjects than each school could individually.

Two universities are located in the county. Keele University is located in Newcastle-under-Lyme. Staffordshire University has four campuses located in Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Lichfield and Shrewsbury.^[1]

Sport

The modern county of Staffordshire currently has three professional football clubs – Stoke City and Port Vale both from Stoke-on-Trent and Burton Albion who play in Burton upon Trent.

Stoke City, one of the oldest professional football clubs in existence, were founded in 1863 and played at the Victoria Ground for 119 years from 1878 until their relocation to the Britannia Stadium in 1997. They were among the 12 founder members of the Football League in 1888.^[2] By the late 1930s, they were established First Division members and boasted arguably the finest footballer in England at the time in right-winger Stanley Matthews, who had two spells with the club between 1930 and his retirement in 1965 at the age of 50.^[3] In 1972, the club finally won a major trophy when they lifted the Football League Cup,^[4] but after relegation from the First Division in 1985 they would not experience top flight football for 23 years.^[5] After spending some two decades bouncing between the second and third tiers of the English league, they finally reclaimed their top flight status in 2008 by securing promotion to the FA Premier League – where they have remained ever since.^[6] Stoke City reached their first FA Cup final in 2011, but lost to Manchester City.^[7]

Port Vale, who like Stoke City play in Stoke-on-Trent, were formed in 1876 and became members of the Football League in 1892. After more than 70 years at various stadiums around the city, the club moved to its present home, Vale Park, in 1950. In early 1936, they had famously eliminated First Division champions Sunderland from the FA Cup. Another surprise FA Cup success came in February 1988 when they eliminated seven-time winners Tottenham Hotspur from the competition. Promotion to the Second Division for the first time since the 1960s was secured in 1989, and Vale would spent nine of the next 11 years at this level. However, the club has been less successful since the turn of the 21st century, and suffered relegation to League Two – the fourth tier of the English league – in 2008. The club has yet to win promotion from this division.^[8]

The counties other professional Football team is Burton Albion from Burton Upon Trent who currently play in Football League Two, after securing promotion from the Conference for the first time in the 2008–09 season.

The county has a number of non-league football clubs, including Stafford Rangers,^[9] Hednesford Town^[10] and Leek Town.^[11]

Geography

See the List of reservoirs in Staffordshire

Mow Cop Castle on the Staffordshire Moorlands

In the north and in the south the county is hilly, with wild moorlands in the far north and Cannock Chase an area of natural beauty in the south. In the middle regions the landscape is low and undulating. Throughout the entire county there are vast and important coalfields. In the southern part there are also rich iron ore deposits. The largest river is the Trent. The soil is chiefly clay and agriculture was not highly developed until the mechanisation of farms.

Staffordshire is home to the highest village in Britain, Flash. The village in the Staffordshire Moorlands stands at 463 m (1518 ft) above sea level. This record was confirmed in 2007 by the Ordnance Survey after Wanlockhead in Scotland also claimed the record. The BBC's The One Show investigated the case in a bid to settle the argument and Flash was confirmed as the highest. The highest point in Staffordshire is Cheeks Hill.

Government

Staffordshire County Council is the top-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county. For Eurostat purposes, it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG22).

Staffordshire operates a cabinet-style council. There are 62 councillors for Staffordshire. The Full Council elects a cabinet of 10 councillors, including the council leader, from the majority party. Each cabinet member has their own portfolio about which they make the "day to day" decisions. ^[12][13]

Latest Council Election results

Staffordshire County Council election, 2009
Party		Seats	Gains	Losses	Net gain/loss	Seats %	Votes %	Votes	+/-
	Conservative	49			+22			109699
	Liberal Democrat	4			+2
	UKIP	4			+4
	Labour	3			-29			46315

Boundary changes

Main article: List of Staffordshire boundary changes

Towns and villages

See the list of places in Staffordshire, list of Staffordshire settlements by population and the List of civil parishes in Staffordshire

Dogs

A type of bull terrier called the Staffordshire Bull Terrier was bred for hunting purposes in this county. They are known affectionately as "staffs", "staffies", and "nanny-dogs". Staffies should not be confused with the considerably larger American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, and (English) Bull Terrier.

Religion

Church of England

The only Cathedral in the county is Lichfield Cathedral in the city of Lichfield, the Diocese of Lichfield covers the whole county with the exception of Stapenhill, and much of the nearby county of Shropshire and the Black Country area of the West Midlands County. The county is covered by the archdeaconries of Stoke-on-Trent and Lichfield. The current Bishop of Lichfield is Jonathan Gledhill and the current Bishop of Stafford Geoff Annas. There are 298 Church of England Churches in the County.

Methodism

Primitive Methodism was founded in Staffordshire by Hugh Bourne, a native of Stoke-on-Trent, at a public gathering in the village of Mow Cop. He originally followed the Wesleyan form of Methodism but in 1801 he reformed the Methodist service by conducting it outside. By 1811 with his brother he founded the first chapel in the Tunstall area of Stoke-on-Trent.^[14]

Judaism

The only Synagogue in the county is on London Road in Newcastle-Under-Lyme which opened in 2006 and replaced the former "Birch Terrace" Synagogue in Hanley^[15] according to the 2001 census there were 407 Jewish People in The non-metropolitan area of Staffordshire,^[16] and 83 is Stoke-on-Trent,^[17] With a total population of 490 which makes up around 0.05% of the total population of the county.

Islam

there are 15 mosques in Stoke-on-Trent 4 in Burton-upon-Trent and 1 in both Stafford and Lichfield.^[18] A controversial new Mosque^[19][20][21] is under construction in the Hanley area of Stoke-on-Trent and will be the first purpose built mosque in the area. At the 2001 census there were 7,658 in Stoke-on-Trent and 6,081 in the rest of Staffordshire, With a total of 13,739 making up 1.3% of the population. 62.9% (3823) of the Muslims in the rest of Staffordshire of from the town of Burton-upon-Trent^{[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]}

Transport

Canals

Staffordshire has an extensive network of canals including the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, Caldon Canal, Coventry Canal, Shropshire Union Canal, Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal and Trent and Mersey Canal.

Railways

See Rail transport in Staffordshire

Roads

The county has relatively good links to the national roads network. Several major roads intersect the county, making it a popular location for commuters working in Birmingham.

The M42 has a junction in Tamworth at the south-east of the county, and heads south-west towards Birmingham. The M6 runs north through the county and junctions 10A-16 are in the county. The M6 Toll, the UK's first toll motorway, runs through the county with junctions in Weeford near Lichfield, Cannock and joins the M6 heading north towards Stafford.

The A5 and A34 run through the county. The former has been significantly widened to a dual carriageway at several sections, although much of it remains single carriageway.

Air

There are currently no airports with scheduled flights in the county whith the nearest ones being Birmingham, East Midlands and Manchester depending on the location there is however Wolverhampton Airport in Bobbington and Tatenhill Airfield near Burton-upon-Trent both of which are small airports catering for General Aviation.

Places of interest

See the List of museums in Staffordshire

Alton Towers Ancient High House Belvide Reservoir Biddulph Grange Blithbury Reindeer Lodge Blithfield Hall Blithfield Reservoir Brindley Water Mill Broad Eye Windmill Burslem Hall Cannock Chase Chasewater Railway Cheddleton Flint Mill Churnet Valley Railway Coors Visitor Centre and Museum of Brewing (previously the Bass Museum) Closed in June 2008 Croxden Abbey Dovecliff Hall Downs Banks Drayton Manor Theme Park Eccleshall Castle Festival Park Ford Green Hall Foxfield Steam Railway Gladstone Pottery Museum Hanley Park Heart of England Way Moseley Railway Trust (Apedale)

Ilam Park Izaak Walton Cottage Museum Manifold Way following the route of the former Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway Lichfield Cathedral Lichfield Road Madeley Old Hall Monkey Forest Moseley Old Hall Mow Cop Castle National Memorial Arboretum Peak District National Park RSPB Coombes Valley Rudyard Lake Steam Railway Sandon Hall Shugborough Estate Stafford Castle Staffordshire Way Staffordshire Moorlands The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery The Pennine Way The Roaches Tamworth Castle Trentham Gardens Trentham Lakes Tutbury Castle Victoria Park Wall Roman Site Wedgwood Museum Weston Park Whitmore Hall Apedale Community Country Park

Key Abbey/Priory/Cathedral Accessible open space Amusement/Theme Park Castle Country Park English Heritage Forestry Commission Heritage railway Historic House Museum (free/not free) National Trust Zoo

Gallery

• 

  Map of Staffordshire and its hundreds by Wenceslas Hollar some time between 1627–1677.

• 

  Stafford Shire Hall .

• 

  Tamworth Castle.

• 

  Lichfield Cathedral.

• 

  Weston Park

• 

  Wightwick Manor

• 

  The Staffordshire & Worcestershire Canal.

See also

• Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire
• High Sheriff of Staffordshire
• List of MPs for Staffordshire
• Samuel Hieronymus Grimm
• The Stafford knot
• Tamworth Pig
• The Staffordshire Search and Rescue Team: www.staffssearchandrescue.org

References

1. ^ Staffordshire University Website. Staffs.ac.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
2. ^ Stoke City | History | 1863–1888 In The Beginning. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
3. ^ Stoke City | History | 1930–1939 Stan's The Man. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
4. ^ Stoke City | History | 1970–1979 Waddo Believe It (Part Two). Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
5. ^ Stoke City | History | 1980–1989 Five Managers, Five Chairmen. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
6. ^ Stoke City | History | 2000–2009 The Decade of Success. Stokecityfc.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
7. ^ Archive. TheFA.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
8. ^ Club | History | A Brief Club History. Port Vale. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
9. ^ Stafford Rangers FC. Stafford Rangers FC. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
10. ^ Hednesford Town FC – Hednesford Town Football Club Latest News. Hednesfordfc.co.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
11. ^ Wilson, Ed. (21 August 2011) Leek Town – a Charter Standard club. Pitchero.com. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
12. ^ "Role of County Council". Staffordshire County Council. http://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/yourcouncil/decisionmakingcouncil/roleofcountycouncil/. Retrieved 2010-May-05. 
13. ^ "Role of the Cabinet". Staffordshire County Council. http://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/yourcouncil/decisionmakingcouncil/roleofthecabinet/. Retrieved 2010-May-05. 
14. ^ Sailsman, Zoe (2002). "Bringing in the sheep – Hugh Bourne, the religious reformer from Stoke". BBC Stoke & Staffordshire. British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/local_heroes/a_f/bourne.shtml. Retrieved 20 May 2007. 
15. ^ BBC News-Birch Terrace synagogue deconsecration ceremony
16. ^ Religion in Staffordshire
17. ^ Religion in Stoke-on-Trent
18. ^ Mosques in the United Kingdom
19. ^ Mosque community centre plan unveiled
20. ^ Four arrests over Stoke-on-Trent mosque arson
21. ^ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-12067934 Stolen pipe used in Stoke-on-Trent mosque arson
22. ^ Horninglow Religion
23. ^ Eton Park Religion
24. ^ Burton Religion
25. ^ Winshill Religion
26. ^ Brizlincote Religion
27. ^ Stapenhill Religion
28. ^ Anglesey Religion
29. ^ Shobnall Religion

External links

• Staffordshire at the Open Directory Project
• East Staffordshire Community Website
• BBC Staffordshire website
• Staffordshire County Council
• Staffordshire Past Track – Historical archive about the county
• The story of a Staffordshire Home Guard Battalion, 1940–1944
• Staffordshire Photographs
• Staffordshire Tourism website
• The Staffordshire Encyclopaedia
• Staffordshire Business Directory
• Staffordshire Governors Association

Coordinates: 52°48′18″N 2°08′59″W / 52.805°N 2.14972°W / 52.805; -2.14972