- Timeline of microscope technology
Timeline ofmicroscope technology *
1021 - The properties ofmagnifying glass are first clearly described by the Arabic physicist,Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), in his "Book of Optics ". [citation|last1=Kriss|first1=Timothy C.|last2=Kriss|first2=Vesna HIHIHHHIIHHIHIIMartich|title=History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery|journal=Neurosurgery|volume=42|issue=4|pages=899-907|date=April 1998]
* 1100s - The properties of magnifying glass becomes known inEurope after Alhazen's "Book of Optics" is translated into Latin
* 1200s - Spectacles are developed inItaly
*1590 - Dutch spectacle-makersHans Jansen and his sonSacharias Jansen , claimed by later writers (Pierre Borel 1620 -1671 or1628 -1689 andWillem Boreel 1591 -1668 ) to have invented a compound microscope.
*1609 -Galileo Galilei develops a compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens.
*1612 - Galileo presents "occhiolino" to Polish king Sigismund III.
*1619 -Cornelius Drebbel (1572 -1633 ) presents, inLondon , a compound microscope with two convex lenses.
* c.1622 - Drebbel presents his invention inRome .
*1624 - Galileo presents his "occhiolino" to PrinceFederico Cesi , founder of the "Accademia dei Lincei " (in English, "The Linceans").
*1625 -Giovanni Faber of Bamberg (1574 -1629 ) of the Linceans coins the word "microscope" by analogy with "telescope".
*1665 -Robert Hooke publishes "Micrographia", a collection of biological micrographs. He coins the word "cell" for the structures he discovers in cork bark.
*1674 -Anton van Leeuwenhoek improves on a simple microscope for viewing biological specimens.
*1863 -Henry Clifton Sorby develops a metallurgical microscope to observe structure of meteorites.
*1860 s -Ernst Abbe discovers theAbbe sine condition , a breakthrough in microscope design, which until then was largely based on trial and error. The company ofCarl Zeiss exploited this discovery and becomes the dominant microscope manufacturer of its era.
*1931 -Ernst Ruska starts to build the firstelectron microscope . It is a Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
*1936 -Erwin Müller invents thefield emission microscope .
*1938 -James Hillier builds another TEM
*1951 -Erwin Müller invents thefield ion microscope and is the first to seeatom s.
*1953 -Frits Zernike , professor oftheoretical physics , receives theNobel Prize in Physics for his invention of thephase contrast microscope .
*1955 -George Nomarski , professor ofmicroscopy , published the theoretical basis ofDifferential interference contrast microscopy . [Nomarski, G. (1955). Microinterféromètre différentiel à ondes polarisées. J. Phys. Radium, Paris 16: 9S-11S]
*1967 -Erwin Müller adds time-of-flight spectroscopy to thefield ion microscope , making the firstatom probe and allowing the chemical identification of each individual atom.
*1981 -Gerd Binnig andHeinrich Rohrer develop thescanning tunneling microscope .
*1986 -Gerd Binnig , Quate, and Gerber invent theAtomic force microscope
*1988 -Alfred Cerezo ,Terence Godfrey , andGeorge D. W. Smith applied a position-sensitive detector to theatom probe , making it able to resolve atoms in 3-dimensions.
*1988 - Kingo Itaya invents theElectrochemical scanning tunneling microscope
*1991 -Kelvin probe force microscope invented.References
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