Haverhill, Massachusetts

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Haverhill, Massachusetts
nickname =
motto =


imagesize =
image_caption = Downtown Haverhill in 2005
image_

---

mapsize = 250x200px
map_caption = Location in Essex County in Massachusetts


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Essex
established_title = Settled
established_date = 1640
established_title2 = Incorporated
established_date2 = 1641
established_title3 =
established_date3 =
government_type = Mayor-council city
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = James J. Fiorentini
leader_title1 =
leader_name1 =
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 92.3
area_total_sq_mi = 35.6
area_land_km2 = 86.3
area_land_sq_mi = 33.3
area_water_km2 = 6.0
area_water_sq_mi = 2.3
population_as_of = 2007
settlement_type = City
population_total = 59,902
population_density_km2 = 694.1
population_density_sq_mi = 1,798.9
elevation_m = 8
elevation_ft = 27
timezone = Eastern
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = Eastern
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 42 |latm = 46 |lats = 34 |latNS = N
longd = 71 |longm = 04 |longs = 40 |longEW = W
website = [http://www.ci.haverhill.ma.us/ www.ci.haverhill.ma.us]
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 01830
area_code = 351 / 978
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 25-29405
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0612607
footnotes =

Haverhill (pronEng|ˈheɪvrɪl) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 58,969 at the 2000 census. Haverhill is home to Northern Essex Community College.

History

Situated on the Merrimack River, it began as a farming community, that would evolve into an important industrial center, beginning with sawmills and gristmills run by water power. In the 18th century, Haverhill developed tanneries, shipping and shipbuilding. The mill town was for 180 years home to a large shoe-making industry, which faded with the Great Depression of the 1930s. It also once manufactured hats. Incorporated as a city in 1870, Haverhill would annex part of Bradford in 1897.

A temperance society was formed in 1828. A branch of the American Anti-Slavery Society was organized in 1834 in Haverhill.

Like most towns Haverhill has been struck by several epidemics. Throat distemper killed 256 children in Haverhill between Nov. 17, 1735, and Dec. 31, 1737 [Cite news|title=Throat Distemper in Haverhill from Essex Antiquarian Vol.3 1899 page 10.|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~maessex/EssexAntiquarian/Volume1/189701.html#TDinHaverhill ] . In 1826 influenza struck.

The "Haverhill and Boston Stage" coach company operated from 1818 to 1837 when the railroad was extended to Haverhill from Andover. It then changed its name and routes to the "Northern and Eastern Stage" company. The Town meeting were held at the First Church meeting house till 1827, and rotated various churches and halls till the first town hall was built in 1847.

Ezekial Hale tripled the size of his factory on Winter St. in 1835 with the addition of a 4 story 95 by convert|34|ft|m|sing=on brick building adjointing the old 4 story 59 by convert|24|ft|m|sing=on building. Hale's factory operated 1600 spindles, turned out convert|600|yd of flannel a day and employed 30 people. Stevens and Co. bought it in 1855 when it turned out convert|8000|yd of flannel a week and employed 40 people.

Haverhill was the site of the original Macy's store, established to sell dry goods in 1851 by Rowland H. Macy. It was also where Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer got his start in show business by operating a chain of theatres. The city has much fine old architecture, particularly in the Victorian style, built during the flush mill era.

Haverhill is also one of the main inspirations for the comic Archie. The comic's creator, Bob Montana, lived in Haverhill and attended Haverhill High School from 1936 to 1939, and based characters Archie, Jughead, Veronica, Betty, and Reggie on people he knew at Haverhill High. [http://www.haverhillusa.com/whereishaverhill.html] .

Higher Education

Until its closing in 2000, Bradford College provided liberal arts higher education in Haverhill. In 2007, an affiliate of David Green's Hobby Lobby stores purchased the campus. Following an estimated $5 million renovation, it will be gifted to the Assemblies of God as the new home of the Zion Bible College. [Cite news|title=Zion Bible College has new home and new president|url=http://ag.org/top/news/news_article_template.cfm?ArticleID=10037&NamedFormatID=2001Article&SearchDepartment=01-140&SearchStartDate=09/04/2007&SearchMaxRows=3&SearchMaxRecordCount=3263|work=Assemblies of God News Service|date=2007-10-03|accessdate=2007-10-03]

Haverhill is the home of the main campus of Northern Essex Community College, which has a wide array of courses available for undergraduate students.

Geography

Haverhill is located at coor dms|42|46|41|N|71|5|6|W|city (42.778090, -71.084916).GR|1

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92.3 km²), of which, 33.3 square miles (86.3 km²) of it is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km²) of it (6.48%) is water. Haverhill is drained by the Little and Merrimack rivers. "Ayer's Hill", a drumlin with an elevation of 339 feet (103 m), is the highest point in the city.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 58,969 people, 22,976 households, and 14,865 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,769.4 people per square mile (683.1/km²). There were 23,737 housing units at an average density of 712.2/sq mi (275.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.67% White, 2.41% African American, 0.22% Native American, 1.36% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.30% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.77% of the population.

There were 22,976 households out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,833, and the median income for a family was $59,772. Males had a median income of $41,197 versus $31,779 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,280. About 7.0% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

The population of Haverhill in 1765–1980, 1776 - 2810, 1790 - 2408, 1800 - 2730, 1810 - 2682, 1820 - 3070, 1830 - 3896, 1840 - 4336, 1850 - 3877, 1907 - 41,242(includes Bradford annexed in 1897).

Points of interest

* Tattersall Farm
* Winnekenni Castle
* [http://www.haverhillhistory.org The Buttonwoods Museum -- Haverhill Historical Society]
* [http://www.johngreenleafwhittier.com John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead]
* Bradford College

Notable residents

* Louis Alter, songwriter ("Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?")
* Daniel Appleton, publishercite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | date = 1963]
* William Henry Appleton, son of Daniel Appleton, publisher
* Bailey Bartlett, member of the United State Constitutional Convention
* John Bellairs, children's author
* William Berenberg, Harvard professor and pediatrician
* Tom Bergeron, game show host
* Isaac Newton Carleton, educator
* Walter Tenney Carleton, businessman
* Stuart Chase, American economist
* Andre Dubus, American short story writer, essayist, and autobiographer
* Hannah Duston, heroine
* Frank Fontaine, comedian, Crazy Gugenheim on "The Jackie Gleason Show"
* Jeff Fraza, boxer
* Charlotte Fullerton, author and Emmy-winning children's television writer/producer
* Moses Hazen, Continental Army General
* Rowland H. Macy, merchant
* Louis B. Mayer, movie producer
* Bob Montana, Archie cartoonist
* William Henry Moody, Supreme Court Justice
* Carlos Peña, Professional Baseball Player (Tampa Bay Rays)
* Mike Ryan (MLB catcher), baseball player
* Nathaniel Saltonstall, judge at Salem Witch Trials
* Jon Shain, folk musician
* Spider One, musician
* Charles Augustus Strong philosopher, of the American school of critical realism
* John Greenleaf Whittier, poet
* Rob Zombie, musician, director

Transportation

* MBTA Commuter Rail provides service from Boston's North Station with the Haverhill station on its Haverhill/Reading Line.
* Amtrak provides service to Portland, Maine and Boston's North Station from the same Haverhill station
* MVTRA provides local bus service to Haverhill and beyond ( [http://www.mvrta.com/information/Haverhill_map/haverhill_map.html map] )

References

*Arrington, Benjamin F. Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts [http://books.google.com/books?id=C3EMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts Volume 2] . [http://books.google.com/books?id=C3EMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA451&dq=subject:%22Essex+County+(Mass.)%22+HAVERHILL&lr=&as_brr=1#PPA451,M1 Chapter 35 page 452 - Haverhill] . page image and OCR at books.google. [http://books.google.com/books?id=RHEMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts Volume 3 Biographical] . [http://books.google.com/books?id=g3EMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts Volume 4 Biographical] . Published 1922 by Lewis Historical Publishing Company. Unfortunately books.google have mistakenly not put Volume 1 online in Full View mode.
*Chase, George. "History of Haverhill". Published 1861.
*Mirick, B L. [http://books.google.com/books?id=RvkMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Haverhill History of Haverhill ] . Published 1832. Image at books.google.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bec-ASBxASIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Haverhill&as_brr=1#PPP3,M1 Haverhill - Facts of Interest] . Published 1880. Image at books.google.
*Haverhill Board of Trade. [http://books.google.com/books?id=NlK1sIKJP_0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Haverhill&as_brr=1 "Haverhill an Industrial and Commercial Center"] . Published 1889. Image at books.google

*Thomas, Samuel. [http://books.google.com/books?id=IWgSAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=subject:%22Essex+County+(Mass.)%22 Whittier-land: A Handbook of North Essex] Published 1904, 160 pages.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=TQkFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Haverhill&as_brr=3#PPA3,M1"A Memorial of John Greenleaf Whittier from His Native City, Haverhill"] . Published 1893 by the Haverhill City Council. Image at books.google.
*White, Daniel. [http://books.google.com/books?id=3MSFp5ek6XAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Haverhill&as_brr=1#PPP9,M1 "The Descendants of William White, of Haverhill, Mass."] . Published 1889. Image at books.google.
*Topsfield Historical Society. [http://www.archive.org/details/vitalrecordsofha00have "Vital Records of Haverhill to 1849, vol 1 - Births"] . Published 1910. Image and [http://ia360609.us.archive.org/3/items/vitalrecordsofha00have/vitalrecordsofha00have_djvu.txt OCR] at archive.org. Text version at http://www.ma-vitalrecords.org/EssexCounty/Haverhill/ .Maps.
*Bailey, O.H. [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?gmd:47:./temp/~ammem_N8Th:: Panoramic Map of Haverhill] , published 1893 at the LOC website.
*Fowler, T.M. [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?gmd:48:./temp/~ammem_N8Th:: Panoramic Map of Haverhill] , published 1914.
*McFarland, James and Josiah Noyes. [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=HAVERHILL.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1795&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1795&pageprefix= 1795 Map of Haverhill] .
*Gale, James. [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=HAVERHILL.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1830&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1830&pageprefix= 1832 Map of Haverhill ] . This is a very interesting map showing all the mills and mill streams and names of prominent rural home owners. Click on map for very large image.
* Beers D G. 1872 Altas of Essex County. Map of Haverhill - [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PLATE_0032.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&pageprefix= Plates 32, 33] . City Center - [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PLATE_0035.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&pageprefix= Plate 35] . Published 1872.
*Walker, George H. 1884 Atlas of Essex County. Map of Haverhill - [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0164_0165.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1884&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1884&pageprefix= Plates 164, 165] . City Center - [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0164_0165.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1884&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1884&pageprefix= Plate 163] . Published 1884.
*Walker, George H. [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=HAVERHILL&atlas=HAVERHILL%20-%20BRADFORD%201892&atlas_desc=HAVERHILL%20-%20BRADFORD%201892&pageprefix= Atlas of Haverhill and Bradford"] . Published 1892. Images at Salemdeeds. Select plate number, then click on map to get the very large image.
*USGS. Historic USGS Maps - Haverhill - [http://docs.unh.edu/towns/HaverhillMassachusettsMapList.htm 7.5 Minute Series 1943, 1944, 1952, 1955] . [http://docs.unh.edu/towns/HaverhillMassachusettsMapList.htm 15 Minute Series - 1893,1935,1956] .

External links

* [http://www.ci.haverhill.ma.us/ City of Haverhill, Massachusetts "Official Website"]
* [http://www.haverhill-ps.org/ Haverhill Public School system website.]
** [http://www.haverhillusa.com Haverhill Massachusetts Community Information and Guide] - This Haverhill Massachusetts web site provides useful, reliable and up-to-date information about Haverhill for its residents, neighbors and visitors to explore and enjoy.
** [http://www.rootsweb.com/~machaver/ Early History, Families, etc. of Haverhill at Rootsweb.]
** [http://www.hollowhill.com/ma/bradsum.htm Ghosts of Bradford College] - Ghost stories from Haverhill

** [http://www.haverhillpl.org/ Haverhill Public Library]
** [http://www.necc.mass.edu/ Northern Essex Community College]
** [http://www.zbc.edu/ Zion Bible College]