Orange Line (MBTA)

ORANGE LINE
Inbound train at North Station
Overview
Type	Rapid transit
Status	Operational
Locale	Boston, Massachusetts
Termini	Oak Grove Forest Hills
Stations	19 (1 planned)
Daily ridership	184,961 (FY2010)[1]
Operation
Opened	1901
Owner	MBTA
Operator(s)	MBTA
Rolling stock	01200 series
Technical
Line length	11 miles (18 km)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Electrification	Third Rail
Route map Legend Legend Haymarket North Extension Oak Grove Malden Center (Commuter Rail) Wellington Mystic River Assembly Square (planned opening: 2013) Sullivan Square Community College Charles River North Station (Amtrak, Commuter Rail) Washington Street Subway Haymarket State (Blue Line) Downtown Crossing (Red Line) Chinatown Southwest Corridor Tufts Medical Center Back Bay (Amtrak, Commuter Rail) Mass Ave Ruggles (Commuter Rail) Roxbury Crossing Jackson Square Stony Brook Green Street Forest Hills (Commuter Rail)

The Orange Line is one of the four subway lines of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It extends from Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston in the south to Oak Grove in Malden, Massachusetts in the north. It meets the Red Line at Downtown Crossing, the Blue Line at State, and the Green Line at Haymarket and North Station. It connects with Amtrak and Commuter Rail service at Back Bay and North Station, and just the commuter rail at Ruggles station in Roxbury and at Forest Hills. From 1901 to 1987 it provided the first elevated rapid transit in Boston; the last elevated section was torn down in 1987 when the southern portion of the line was moved to the Southwest Corridor.

History

See also: History of the MBTA

Names

The current name, assigned in the 1960s, is derived from Orange Street, an old name for the section of Washington Street immediately south of downtown under which the Washington Street Tunnel, forming the center of the line, still runs.^[2][3] Cars throughout the Boston rapid transit network were formerly painted orange or with orange stripes by MBTA predecessors, and restored streetcars on the Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line wear their historical orange livery, but this is largely coincidental.

Several stations were renamed in 1967 and 1987 from the names of the nearest street intersections to those of local landmarks; for example, "Boylston-Essex" eventually was renamed "Chinatown".

Construction

The Charlestown El running over the old Charlestown Bridge

The Main Line of the electric Boston Elevated Railway opened in segments in 1901. It proceeded from Everett along the Charlestown Elevated to the Canal Street Incline near North Station. It was carried underground by the Tremont Street Subway (now the Green Line) returning above ground at the Pleasant Street Incline (now closed, located just outbound of Boylston Station). A temporary link connected it to the Washington Street Elevated, which in 1901 ran from this point via Washington Street to Dudley Square (which is most of what is now Phase 1 of the Silver Line).

Also in 1901, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated opened, branching at Causeway Street to provide an alternate route through downtown Boston (along the shoreline, where today there is no rail transit) to the Washington Street Elevated.

In 1908, the Washington Street Tunnel opened, allowing Main Line service to travel from the Charlestown Elevated, underground via new portals at the Canal Street Incline, under downtown, and back up again to meet the Washington Street Elevated and Atlantic Avenue Elevated near Chinatown. Use of the Tremont Street Subway was returned to streetcars exclusively.

By 1909, the Washington Street Elevated had been extended to Forest Hills. Trains from Washington Street were routed through the new subway, either all the way to Everett, or back around in a loop via both the subway and the Atlantic Avenue Elevated.

Closure of Atlantic Elevated and ownership changes

Following a 1928 accident at a tight curve on Beach Street, the southern connection between South Station and Washington Street was closed, breaking the loop. By 1938, the entire Atlantic Avenue Elevated had been closed, leaving the subway as the only route through downtown - what is now the Orange Line between Haymarket and Chinatown stations.

Ownership of the railway was transferred from the private Boston Elevated Railway to the public Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) in 1947, reconstituted as the modern Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in 1964.

Rerouting of Charlestown and Everett service

The old Main Line Elevated and related lines

The Boston Transportation Planning Review looked at the line in the 1970s, considering extensions to the beltway Route 128 with termini at Reading in the north and Dedham in the south. As a result of this review, the Charlestown Elevated - which served the Charlestown neighborhood north of downtown Boston and the suburb Everett - was demolished in 1975. The Haymarket North Extension rerouted the Orange Line through an underwater crossing of the Charles River. Service in Charlestown was replaced with service along Boston and Albany tracks under Interstate 93, ultimately to Wellington and Oak Grove in Malden, Massachusetts instead of Everett. The service to Everett was not replaced.

Closure of Washington Street elevated

Construction of Interstate 95 into downtown Boston was cancelled in 1972 after local protest over the necessary demolition. However, land for the Southwest Corridor through Roxbury had already been cleared of buildings. Instead of a highway, the Orange Line subway would be re-routed into the corridor. In 1987, the Washington Street Elevated was torn down as part of this re-routing, the last of the original elevated portions to be demolished.

Between April 30 and May 3, 1987, the Washington Street Elevated south of the Chinatown station was closed to allow the Orange Line to be tied into the new Southwest Corridor. On May 4, 1987, the Orange Line was rerouted out of the southern end of the Washington Street Tunnel and onto the new Southwest Corridor. Instead of rising into elevated tracks, it instead veered west at the Massachusetts Turnpike and followed the Pike and the old Boston and Albany Railroad right-of-way to the existing MBTA Commuter Rail stop at Back Bay. It then continued along new tracks, partially covered and partially open but depressed, to Forest Hills. This right-of-way is also shared by Amtrak as part of the national Northeast Corridor.

While ending up more or less in the same place, the new routing bypassed Washington Street significantly to the west; local residents were promised replacement service. Originally, plans provided for light rail vehicle service on the streets, from Washington Street to Dudley Square, then diverting southeast-ward on Warren Street towards Dorchester. In 2002, Phase 1 of the Silver Line bus rapid transit was added to connect Washington Street to the downtown subways, attempting to address this. This was controversial, as many residents would prefer the return of rail transportation.

Renovations during the Big Dig

Haymarket and North Station received major renovations during the Big Dig in the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, as the Causeway Street Elevated portion of the Green Line was buried, its physical connection to the Orange Line was improved to make transfers easier, the Canal Street Incline was finally closed, and the Green Line was re-rerouted through a new portal closer to the river, near the Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge.

Historical routes

1901-1908	1908-1938	1938-1975
Legend Charlestown Elevated Sullivan Square Thompson Square City Square Charles River Atlantic Avenue Elevated (r) North Station Canal Street Incline | Battery Street Tremont Street Subway (l) Haymarket Adams Square Scollay Square | State Street (East Boston Tunnel) Rowes Wharf (BRB&L ferry) Park Street | South Station (Dorcester Tunnel) Boylston Pleasant Street Portal | Beach Street Pleasant Street Washington Street Elevated Dover Northampton Dudley	Legend Charlestown Elevated Everett opened 1919 Mystic River Sullivan Square Thompson Square City Square Charles River Atlantic Avenue Elevated (r) North Station Canal Street Incline | Battery Street Washington Street Subway (l) Friend-Union Milk-State | State Street (East Boston Tunnel) Rowes Wharf (BRB&L ferry) Summer | South Station (Dorcester Tunnel) Boylston-Essex Beach Street Washington Street Elevated Dover Northampton Dudley Egleston Green Street (opened 1912) Forest Hills	Legend Charlestown Elevated Everett Mystic River Sullivan Square Thompson Square City Square Charles River North Station Canal Street Incline Washington Street Subway Friend-Union Milk-State (Blue Line) Winter-Summer (Red Line) Boylston-Essex Washington Street Elevated Dover Northampton Dudley Egleston Green Street Forest Hills
1975-1987	1987-present	Notes
Legend Haymarket North Extension Oak Grove Malden Center (Commuter Rail) Wellington Mystic River Sullivan Square Community College Charles River North Station (Amtrak, Commuter Rail) Washington Street Subway Haymarket State (Blue Line) Washington (Red Line) Essex Washington Street Elevated Dover Northampton Dudley Egleston Green Street Forest Hills	Legend Haymarket North Extension Oak Grove Malden Center (Commuter Rail) Wellington Mystic River Assembly Square (planned to open in 2013) Sullivan Square Community College Charles River North Station (Amtrak, Commuter Rail) Washington Street Subway Haymarket State (Blue Line) Downtown Crossing (Red Line) Chinatown Southwest Corridor Tufts Medical Center Back Bay (Amtrak, Commuter Rail) Mass Ave Ruggles (Commuter Rail) Roxbury Crossing Jackson Square Stony Brook Green Street Forest Hills (Commuter Rail)	The Forest Hills extension of the Washington Street Elevated opened in 1909; the infill station at Green Street opened in 1912. The section of the Atlantic Avenue elevated between South Station and the junction near Dover was closed in 1928 after an accident. Haymarket and State got their modern names in 1967. Downtown Crossing and Chinatown also changed names in 1967, but changed again in 1987. Oak Grove opened in 1977, two years after the rest of the Haymarket North Extension. Tufts Medical Center was New England Medical Center until 2010.

Future plans

Assembly Square

Main article: Assembly Square (MBTA station)

An infill station, Assembly Square, at Assembly Square in Somerville is presently expected to open in 2014. The new station, located on the bank of the Mystic River between Wellington and Sullivan Square stations, will serve a new development at Assembly Square.^[4]

Station listing

Station	Time to Downtown Crossing (min)[5]	Opened	Transfers and notes
Oak Grove	15	March 20, 1977
Malden Center	13	December 27, 1975	Commuter Rail: Haverhill/Reading Line
Wellington	10	September 6, 1975
Assembly Square	9		Expected to open in 2013
Sullivan Square	7	April 7, 1975	Separate station from one on the Charlestown Elevated closed April 4, 1975
Community College	5	April 7, 1975	Serves Bunker Hill Community College
North Station	3	April 7, 1975	Green Line and Commuter Rail north side lines
Haymarket	2	November 30, 1908	Green Line Originally Friend-Union until January 25, 1967
State	1	November 30, 1908	Blue Line Originally Milk-State until January 24, 1967
Downtown Crossing	0	November 30, 1908	Red Line, Green Line and Silver Line Originally Winter-Summer until January 22, 1967, then Washington until May 3, 1987
Chinatown	2	November 30, 1908	Silver Line Originally Boylston-Essex until February 10, 1967, then Essex until May 3, 1987
Tufts Medical Center	3	May 4, 1987	Silver Line Originally New England Medical Center until April 2010
Back Bay	6	May 4, 1987	Amtrak station Commuter Rail: Providence/Stoughton Line, Framingham/Worcester Line, Franklin Line and Needham Line Also called Back Bay/South End
Massachusetts Avenue	8	May 4, 1987
Ruggles	9	May 4, 1987	Commuter Rail: Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin Line and Needham Line
Roxbury Crossing	10	May 4, 1987
Jackson Square	12	May 4, 1987
Stony Brook	14	May 4, 1987
Green Street	16	May 4, 1987	Separate station from one on the former Washington Street Elevated closed April 30, 1987
Forest Hills	18	May 4, 1987	Commuter Rail: Needham Line Separate station from one on the former Washington Street Elevated closed April 30, 1987 Former terminus of Green Line E branch

Equipment

Outbound Train at North Station

The Orange Line is standard gauge heavy rail, and uses third rail for power. The current fleet is the 01200 series, built 1980-1981 by Hawker Siddeley Canada Car and Foundry (now Bombardier Transportation) of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. They are 65 feet (20 m) long and 111 inches (2.8 m) wide, with three pairs of doors on each side. They are based on the PA3 model used by PATH in New Jersey. There are 120 cars, numbered 01200-01319. All in-service Orange Line trains run in six-car configurations.

Year Built	Make	Model	Length ft ( mm)	Width in ( mm)	Gauge	Road Numbers
1980–1981	Hawker Siddeley Canada	PA3	65 ft (19,812 mm)	111 in (2,819 mm)	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)	1200–1319

New trains

It was announced in the Spring of 2009 that the planning process for new Orange and Red Line vehicles had begun. The simultaneous order calls for 146 Orange Line cars (to replace the whole fleet) and 74 Red Line cars (presumably to replace the 1500s and 1600s, of which there were 76, with 72 still in service). This order would be similar to the current Orange Line cars and the old Blue Line cars, ordered at the same time and largely identical except for size. The new cars would enter service between 2013 and 2017. The announcement also suggested that new Green Line cars will be planned at about the same time, although these cars would not be similar to the Orange and Red Line cars due to the differing natures of the lines.^[6]

Facilities

The Orange Line has two tracks (one in each direction) except for a third track between Wellington and the Charles River portal.^[7] This track can be used to bypass construction on the other two, or for testing newly delivered cars for the Orange and Blue lines. The primary maintenance and storage facility is at Wellington Station.^[7] Had the Orange Line been extended to Reading, the third track would have become an express track.

Accessibility

See also: MBTA accessibility

All stations on the Orange Line are handicapped accessible. Work on State to make it fully accessible from the Blue Line was completed in Spring 2011 and officially announced on May 26th, 2011.^[8]

References

1. ^ "Ridership and Service Statistics, Twelfth Edition". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2009. p. 6. http://www.mbta.com/uploadedfiles/documents/Bluebook%202010.pdf. Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
2. ^ Orange Street on Map of Boston 1775
3. ^ Kleespies, Gavin W. and MacDonald, Katie. "Transportation History". Harvard Square Business Association. http://www.harvardsquare.com/History/Glimpses/Transportation.aspx. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 
4. ^ http://www.assemblysquare.com/news.html
5. ^ From Association for Public Transportation, Car-Free in Boston, A Guide for Locals and Visitors, 10th ed. (2003), p.117, and MBTA website, roughly interpolated by distance between stations.
6. ^ http://www.mbta.com/uploadedfiles/Accessibility/Access%20in%20Motion_Spring09%20-%20Word.doc
7. ^ ^{a b} http://world.nycsubway.org/us/boston/orange.html
8. ^ http://www.mbta.com/about_the_mbta/news_events/?id=21720

External links

• MBTA - Orange Line
• Orange Line from nycsubway.org - Includes detailed description and photos
• Jamaica Plain Historical Society - Orange Line Memories
• Jamaica Plain Historical Society - Orange Line Replaced Old Railroad Embankment