- Cervicitis
-
Cervicitis Classification and external resources ICD-10 N72 ICD-9 098.15, 099.53, 616.0 DiseasesDB 30734 MedlinePlus 001495 eMedicine med/323 MeSH D002575 Cervicitis is inflammation of the uterine cervix. Cervicitis in women has many features in common with urethritis in men and many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections.[1][2] Non-infectious causes of cervicitis can include intrauterine devices, contraceptive diaphragms, and allergic reactions to spermicides or latex condoms.[3]
Contents
Causes
Cervicitis can be caused by any of a number of infections, of which the most common are chlamydia and gonorrhea, with chlamydia accounting for approximately 40% of cases.[4] Trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex are less common causes of cervicitis. The role of Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis in causing cervicitis is still under investigation.[5]
Mucopurulent cervicitis
Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) is characterized by a purulent or mucopurulent endocervical exudate visible in the endocervical canal or in an endocervical swab specimen. Some specialists also diagnose MPC on the basis of easily induced cervical bleeding. Although some specialists consider an increased number of polymorphonuclear white blood cells on endocervical Gram stain as being useful in the diagnosis of MPC, this criterion has not been standardized, has a low positive-predictive value (PPV), and is not available in some settings.{cn} MPC often is without symptoms, but some women have an abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding (e.g., after sexual intercourse). MPC can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae; however, in most cases neither organism can be isolated.[2] MPC can persist despite repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy. Because relapse or reinfection with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae usually does not occur in persons with persistent cases of MPC, other non-microbiologic determinants (e.g., inflammation in the zone of ectopy) might be involved.
Patients who have MPC should be tested for C. trachomatis and for N. gonorrhoeae with the most sensitive and specific test available. However, MPC is not a sensitive predictor of infection with these organisms; most women who have C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae do not have MPC.
References
- ^ Workowski KA, Berman SM (August 2006). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006". MMWR Recomm Rep 55 (RR–11): 1–94. PMID 16888612. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5511a1.htm.
- ^ a b Hynes NA (2008-10-30). "hopkins-abxguide.org". Point-of-care Information Technology. Johns Hopkins University. http://hopkins-abxguide.org/diagnosis/gynecologic/cervicitis.html?contentInstanceId=255497. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Cervicitis
- ^ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins basic pathology (8th ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 716–8. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- ^ Marrazzo JM, Martin DH (2007). "Management of women with cervicitis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 44 (Suppl 3): S102–10. doi:10.1086/511423. PMID 17342663.
External links
- Cervicitis images from the U. of Washington.
Sexually transmitted diseases and infections (STD/STI) (primarily A50–A64, 090–099) Bacterial Protozoal Parasitic Viral AIDS (HIV-1/HIV-2) · Cervical cancer, vulvar cancer & Genital warts (condyloma), Penile cancer, Anal cancer (Human papillomavirus (HPV)) · Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B virus) · Herpes simplex (HSV1/HSV2) · Molluscum contagiosum (MCV)General
inflammationfemale: Cervicitis · Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N70–N99, 614–629) Internal AdnexaOophoritis · Ovarian cyst (Follicular cyst of ovary, Corpus luteum cyst, Theca lutein cyst) · Endometriosis of ovary · Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome · Ovarian torsion · Ovarian apoplexy · Mittelschmerz · Female infertility (Anovulation, Poor ovarian reserve)Cervicitis · Cervical polyp · Nabothian cyst · Cervical incompetence · Female infertility (Cervical stenosis) · Cervical dysplasiaGeneralVaginitis (Bacterial vaginosis, Atrophic vaginitis, Candidal vulvovaginitis) · Leukorrhea/Vaginal discharge · Hematocolpos/HydrocolposOther/generalPelvic inflammatory disease · Pelvic congestion syndromeExternal Categories:- Inflammations
- Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
- Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs
- Disease stubs
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.