United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories

United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (published in 2002)

The United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories is a list of countries that, according to the United Nations, are non-decolonized. The list was initially prepared in 1946 pursuant to Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter, and has been updated by the General Assembly on recommendation of the Special Committee on Decolonization and its predecessors. Only permanently inhabited territories are considered for inclusion in this list, excluding many remote atolls (e.g., Clipperton Island and Kingman Reef) and Southern Ocean territories (e.g., French Southern and Antarctic Lands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands). The list currently contains 16 entries.^[1]

History

Administering powers of Non-Self-Governing Territories:

  State currently in control of territories on the list

  State formerly in control of territories on the list

  Special case

The United Nations Charter contains a Declaration Concerning Non-Self-Governing Territories.^[2] In Article 73e of the Charter, member States agree to report to the United Nations annually on the development of non-self-governing territories under their control. The initial List of Non-Self-Governing Territories was created by compiling lists of dependent territories submitted by the administering States themselves. In several instances, administering States were allowed to remove dependent territories from the list, either unilaterally (as in the case of many French overseas departments and territories), or by vote of the General Assembly (as in the cases of Puerto Rico, Greenland, the Netherlands Antilles, and Suriname).

The list draws its origins from the period of colonialism and the Charter's concept of non-self-governing territories. As an increasing number of formerly colonized countries became UN members, the General Assembly increasingly asserted its authority to place additional territories on the List and repeatedly declared that only the General Assembly had the authority to authorize a territory's being removed from the list upon attainment of any status other than full independence. For example, when Portugal joined the United Nations, it contended that it controlled no non-self-governing territories (because areas such as Angola and Mozambique were purported to be an integral part of the Portuguese state), but the General Assembly rejected this position. Similarly, Western Sahara was added in 1963 when it was a Spanish colony. The same can be said about the situation of Namibia (removed upon its independence in 1990), which was seen, due to its former status as a mandate territory, as a vestige of German colonial legacy in Africa. A set of criteria for determining whether a territory is to be considered "non-self-governing" was established in General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) of 1960.

Also in 1960, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 1514 (XV), promulgating the "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", which declared that all remaining non-self-governing territories and trust territories were entitled to self-determination and independence. The following year, the General Assembly established the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (sometimes referred to as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or the "Committee of 24" because for much of its history the committee was composed of 24 members), which reviews the situation in non-self-governing territories each year and reports to the General Assembly.

Criticism

Current UN Map

The list remains controversial for various reasons.

Choosing to remain a territory

One reason for the remaining controversy is the fact that the list includes many dependencies that have democratically chosen to maintain their territorial status, and rejected independence (or in some cases the territory periodically organizes referenda, as in the United States Virgin Islands, but there is insufficient voter participation). Other non-self-determining areas are excluded.

Another example is Tokelau. In response to attempts at decolonizing Tokelau, New Zealand journalist Michael Field wrote in 2004: "The UN [...] is anxious to rid the world of the last remaining vestiges of colonialism by the end of the decade. It has a list of 16 territories around the world, virtually none of which wants to be independent to any degree".^[3] Tokelau is seen by some as a case in point. Field further notes that Patuki Isaako, who was head of Tokelau's government at the time of a UN seminar on decolonization in 2004, informed the United Nations that his country had no wish to be decolonized, and that Tokelauans had opposed the idea of decolonization ever since the first visit by UN officials in 1976. In 2006, a UN-supervised referendum on decolonization was held in Tokelau, where voters rejected the offer of self-government. When the first referendum failed, a second was held in 2007, and Tokelauans rejected it again. This led New Zealand politician and former diplomat John Hayes, on behalf of the National Party, to state that "Tokelau did the right thing to resist pressure from [the New Zealand government] and the United Nations to pursue self-government".^[4] The United Nations most likely supported there being a referendum because clear majorities of Tokelauans support self-government in association with New Zealand. This was reinforced by the results of the referendum, which show that over 60% (60.07% in the first referendum, and 64.40% in the second) voted for self-government. However, the terms of the referendum required a two-thirds majority to vote in favor of self-government. On the second occasion, the proposition failed by just 16 votes. In May 2008, the United Nations' Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged colonial powers "to complete the decolonization process in every one of the remaining 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories".^[5] This led the New Zealand Herald to comment that the United Nations was "apparently frustrated by two failed attempts to get Tokelau to vote for independence from New Zealand".^[6]

Gibraltar is another prime example of resident desires to remain with the status quo. Gibraltar, a largely self-governing British territory on the tip of the Iberian Peninsula whose territory is claimed by Spain, has twice held referenda to resolve their status. In the first referendum, held in 1967, the choices in the ballot were either to retain their current status or to become part of Spain. The status quo was favoured by 12,138 votes to 44. In the second referendum, held in 2002, a proposal for a joint Anglo-Spanish administration of the territory was proposed, and was voted down by 17,900 votes to 187 - the "no" vote accounting for more than 85% of Gibraltar's entire voting population.^[7]

Population (or lack thereof) is also an issue regarding at least one territory included on the list: the British colony Pitcairn Islands, with a total population of 48 (many of whom are related), has simply too small a population base (and habitable landmass for expansion), to be realistically viable as an independent state.

Completely autonomous dependencies

  Currently listed territories

  Formerly listed territories

Another criticism is that a number of the listed territories, such as Bermuda, consider themselves completely autonomous and self-governing, with the "administering power" retaining limited oversight over matters such as defence and diplomacy.^{[citation needed]} In past years, there were ongoing disputes between some administering powers and the Decolonization Committee over whether territories such as pre-independence Brunei and the West Indies Associated States should still be considered "non-self-governing," particularly in instances where the administering country was prepared to grant full independence whenever the territory requested it. These disputes became redundant as those territories eventually received full independence.

Removed under other circumstances

Territories that have achieved a status described by the administering countries ("the colonizing power") as internally self-governing — such as Puerto Rico, the Netherlands Antilles, and the Cook Islands — have been removed from the list by vote of the General Assembly, often under pressure of the colonizing power or similar circumstances. In 1972, for example, Hong Kong (then administered by the United Kingdom) and Macau (then administered by Portugal) were removed from the list at the request of the People's Republic of China, which had just been recognized as holding China's seat at the United Nations.

Some territories that have been annexed and incorporated into the legal framework of the controlling state (such as the overseas departments of France) are considered by the UN to have been decolonized, since they then no longer constitute "non-self-governing" entities; their populations are assumed to have agreed to merge with the former parent state. However, in 1961, the General Assembly voted to end this treatment for the then-"overseas provinces" of Portugal such as Angola and Mozambique, which were active foci of United Nations attention until they attained independence in the mid-1970s.

Status revocation

On December 2, 1986, New Caledonia, then an overseas territory, was reinstated on the list of non-self-governing territories, an action that France protested. New Caledonia is the only French-administered territory now on the list; it has enjoyed the status of a collectivité sui generis, or a one-of-a-kind community, since 1999. Under the 1998 Nouméa Accord, its Territorial Congress has the right to call for a referendum on independence after 2014.

List not complete

Main articles: Special Committee on Decolonization and Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

Another point of controversy is the criteria set down in 1960 by General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV), 4 Principle 12 of the Annex,^[8] which only focused on colonies of the Western World, namely Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. This list of administering states wasn't expanded afterwards.

Nevertheless some of the 111 members who joined the UN after 1960 gained independence from countries not covered by Resolution 1541 and were themselves not classified as "Non-Self-Governing Territories" by the UN. Of these that joined the UN between 1960 and 2008, 11 were independent before 1960 and 71 were included on the list (some as a group). Out of the other 29, seven (mostly Arab) were colonies or protectorates of the "Western" countries, six were part of Yugoslavia, two were part of Czechoslovakia, 12 were part of the Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus already had UN seats before the dissolution of the USSR) and one each was part of Ethiopia and Pakistan.

Current entries

Location[9]	Name[9]	Administering state[9]	Status	Other claimants	Population	Area / km2	Area / mi2	See also
Africa	Western Saharaa	Spaina	See notea	Morocco  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	393,831	266,000	102,700	Legal status of Western Sahara
Atlantic and Caribbean	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	7,601	413	159.5	Politics of Saint Helena
Atlantic and Caribbean	Bermuda	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	67,837 (listed as 6,997)	53.3	20.6	Politics of Bermuda
Atlantic and Caribbean	Falkland Islands [10]	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	Argentina	3,140	12,200	4,700	Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean	Anguilla	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	14,108	102	39.4	Politics of Anguilla
Atlantic and Caribbean	British Virgin Islands	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	24,041	153	59.1	Politics of the British Virgin Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean	Cayman Islands	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	47,862	262	101.2	Foreign relations of the Cayman Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean	Montserrat	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	5,079	102	39.4	Government of Montserrat
Atlantic and Caribbean	Turks and Caicos Islands	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	22,352	430	166.0	Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean	United States Virgin Islands	United States	Unincorporated organized territory	None	109,840	346.36	133.730	Politics of the United States Virgin Islands
Europe	Gibraltar	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	Spain	28,002	6.5	2.5	Disputed status of Gibraltar
Asia and Pacific	American Samoa	United States	Unincorporated unorganized territory	None	64,827	199	76.8	Politics of American Samoa
Asia and Pacific	Guam	United States	Unincorporated organized territory	None	175,877	541.3	209.0	Politics of Guam
Asia and Pacific	New Caledonia	France	Sui Generis Collectivity	None	224,824	19,060	7,359	Politics of New Caledonia
Asia and Pacific	Pitcairn Islands	United Kingdom	Overseas territory	None	50	47	18.1	Politics of the Pitcairn Islands
Asia and Pacific	Tokelau	New Zealand	Territory	None	1,433	10.	3.9	Politics of Tokelau

^a The Spanish colony of the Spanish Sahara up to 1976, 85% of the territory of Western Sahara is now occupied and administered by Morocco. The rest of the territory is under the control of the Polisario Front and administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The UN however still considers Spain as administrating country of the whole territory,^[11] awaiting the outcome of the ongoing Manhasset negotiations and resulting election to be overseen by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara.

Former entries

The following Territories were once listed by the General Assembly as Non-Self-Governing. Dates show the year of independence or other change in a Territory's status that resulted in its removal from the list^[12]

Removed due to a status other than independence

Continent	Name[12]	Status[12]	Current status	Administering state[12]	Population	Area / km2	Area / mi2	Year of removal[12]	See also
Africa	Ifni	Change in Status (Integrated into Morocco)	Tiznit Province, Souss-Massa-Draâ region, Morocco	Spain	51,517	1,502	580	1969	Politics of Morocco
Africa	São João Batista de Ajuda	Change in Status (Integrated into Benin)	Ouidah commune, Atlantique department, Benin	Portugal				1961	Politics of Benin
North America	Greenland	Change in Status	Gained home rule, Country within the Kingdom of Denmark[13][14]	Denmark	57,564	2,166,086	836,330.5	1954	Politics of Greenland
Asia	French Establishments in India	Change in Status (Annexed by India)	Puducherry union territory and part of West Bengal state of India	France	973,829	492	190.0	1947	Pondicherry Legislative Assembly
Asia	Goa and Dependencies	Change in Status (Annexed by India)	Goa state and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territories of India	Portugal				1961
Asia	Hong Kong	Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of the People's Republic of China)[citation needed]	Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC	United Kingdom	7,018,636	1,092	421.6	1972	Politics of Hong Kong
Asia	Macau and dependencies	Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of the People's Republic of China)[citation needed]	Macao Special Administrative Region of the PRC	Portugal	545,674	28.2	10.89	1972	Politics of Macau
North America	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Change in Status	Overseas collectivity of France	France	7,044	242	93.4	1947	Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
North America	Guadeloupe and Dependencies	Change in Status	Overseas department of Guadeloupe and overseas collectivities of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, France	France	408,000	1,628	628.6	1947	Politics of Guadeloupe
North America	Martinique	Change in Status	Overseas department of France	France	401,000	1,128	435.5	1947	Politics of Martinique
North/South America	Netherlands Antilles	Change in Status	Aruba, Curaçao and Sint-Maarten are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the other remaining islands are special municipalities of the Netherlands.	Netherlands	225,369	960	371	1951	Politics of the Netherlands Antilles
North America	Puerto Rico	Change in Status	Gained self-rule, Unincorporated organized commonwealth of the United States	United States	3,958,128	8,870	3,420	1952	Political status of Puerto Rico
Asia	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Change in Status	Gained self-rule, External territory of Australia	Australia	596	14	5.4	1984	Shire of Cocos
Africa	Réunion	Change in Status	Overseas department of France	France	793,000	2,512	969.9	1947	Politics of Réunion
North America	Alaska	Change in Status	U.S. state, United States of America	United States	683,478	1,700,130.	656,424	1959	Legal status of Alaska
North America	Panama Canal Zone	Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of Panama)[citation needed]	Part of Colón and Panama provinces of Panama	United States				1947	Politics of Panama
Oceania	Cook Islands	Change in Status	Gained self-rule, Free association with New Zealand	New Zealand	12,271	236.7	93.39	1965	Politics of the Cook Islands
Oceania	French Establishments in Oceania	Change in Status	French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna overseas collectivities of France	France	298,256	4,441	1,714.7	1947	Politics of French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna
Oceania	Hawaii	Change in Status	Became United States state	United States	1,283,388	28,311	10,930.9	1959	Legal status of Hawaii
Oceania	Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands	Change in Status	Marshall Islands	United States				1990
		Change in Status	Federated States of Micronesia	United States				1990
		Change in Status	Northern Mariana Islands	United States				1990
		Change in Status	Palau (separated from  Federated States of Micronesia)	United States				1994
Oceania	New Caledonia and Dependencies	Change in Status	Sui Generis Collectivity of France General Assembly determined that New Caledonia was a Non-Self-Governing Territory.	France	224,824	19,060	7,359	1947 1986	Politics of New Caledonia
Oceania	Niue Island	Change in Status	Free association with New Zealand	New Zealand	1,444	260	100.4	1974	Politics of Niue
Asia	Colony of Sarawak	Change in Status (Joined Malaya to form Malaysia)[15][16]	Malaysian state of Sarawak	United Kingdom		124,450	48,050	1963
Asia	North Borneo	Change in Status (Joined Malaya to form Malaysia)[15][16]	Malaysian state of Sabah	United Kingdom	285,000	76,115	29,388	1963
South America	French Guiana	Change in Status	Overseas department of France, French Republic	France	209,000	83,534	32,253	1947	Politics of French Guiana

Territories that joined another state

Continent	Non-Self-Governing Territory[12]	Status[12]	Current status	Administering state	Population	Area / km2	Area / mi2	Year of removal[12]	See also
Africa	Cameroons Trust Territory	Northern Cameroons joined with Nigeria Southern Cameroons joined with Cameroon	Adamawa and Taraba states of Nigeria, Northwest and Southwest provinces of Cameroon	United Kingdom				1961	Politics of Nigeria Politics of Cameroon
Africa	British Togoland Trust Territory	Joined British Gold Coast to form Ghana	Volta, Northern and Upper East Region of Ghana	United Kingdom				1957	Foreign relations of Ghana
Asia	Netherlands New Guinea	Joined with Indonesia as Irian Jaya	Papua and West Papua provinces of Indonesia	Netherlands		420,540	162,371	1963	Act of Free Choice

Territories that have become independent

Continent	Non-Self-Governing Territory[12]	Status (Independent as)[12]	Administering state	Population	Area / km2	Area / mi2	Year of removal[12]	See also
Asia	Aden Colony and Protectorate	South Yemen (now part of Yemen)	United Kingdom		285,192	111,013	1967
Asia	French Indochina	Vietnam	France				1945
		Laos	France				1949
		Cambodia	France				1953
Africa	Portuguese Angola including the enclave of Cabinda	Angola	Portugal		1,246,700	481,354	1975
Africa	Basutoland	Lesotho	United Kingdom		30,355	12,727	1966
Africa	Bechuanaland Protectorate	Botswana	United Kingdom				1966
Africa	Belgian Congo	Congo Léopoldville	Belgium	16,610,000[17]	2,344,858	905,355	1960
Africa	British Somaliland	_State_of_Somaliland_(Joined_ State of Somaliland (Joined  Somalia within a week. The unrecognised Somaliland claims succession to British Somaliland.)	United Kingdom				1960
Africa	Fernando Póo and Río Muni	Equatorial Guinea	Spain		28,051	10,828	1968
Africa	Cameroons Trust Territory	Cameroon	France				1960
Africa	French Togoland Trust Territory	Togo	France				1960
Africa	Gambia	The Gambia	United Kingdom		10,380	4,007	1965
Africa	Gold Coast Colony and Protectorate	Ghana	United Kingdom				1957
Africa	French Equatorial Africa	Chad	France				1960
		Gabon	France				1960
	(Middle Congo)	Congo (Brazzaville)	France				1960
	(Ubangi Shari)	Central African Republic	France				1960
Africa	Italian Somaliland Trust Territory	Somalia	Italy				1960
Africa	Colony and Protectorate of Kenya	Kenya	United Kingdom				1963
Africa	French protectorate of Morocco	Morocco	France				1956
Africa	Portuguese Mozambique	Mozambique	Portugal	7,300,000[18]	784,955	303,073	1975
Africa	British Nigeria	Nigeria	United Kingdom				1960
Africa	Northern Rhodesia	Zambia	United Kingdom	3,545,200[19]	752,618	290,587	1964
Africa	Nyasaland	Malawi	United Kingdom		752,618	290,587	1964
Africa	Portuguese Guinea	Guinea-Bissau	Portugal		36,125	13,948	1974
Africa	Ruanda-Urundi Trust Territory	Rwanda  Burundi	Belgium				1962
Africa	São Tomé and Príncipe	São Tomé and Príncipe	Portugal		1,001	372	1975
Africa	Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone	United Kingdom		71,740	27,69	1961
Africa	French Somaliland	Djibouti	France	200,000[20]	23,200	8,958	1977
Africa	Southern Rhodesia	Zimbabwe	United Kingdom	6,930,000[21]	390,580	150,804	1980
Africa	Swaziland	Swaziland	United Kingdom		17,364	6,70	1968
Africa	Tanganyika Trust Territory	United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar	United Kingdom				1963
Africa	French Tunisia	Tunisia	France		163,610	63,170	1956
Africa	Uganda Protectorate	Uganda	United Kingdom				1962
Africa	French West Africa	Benin ( Dahomey)	France				1960
	( French Guinea)	Guinea	France				1958
	( French Sudan)	Mali	France				1960
		Ivory Coast	France				1960
		Mauritania	France				1960
	(Niger colony)	Burkina Faso ( Upper Volta)	France				1960
		Niger	France				1960
		Senegal	France				1960
Africa	South West Africa	Mandate terminated Independence as Namibia	South Africa	2,088,669	825,418	318,696	1966 1990	Foreign relations of Namibia
Africa	Zanzibar	United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar	United Kingdom		2,643	1,020.5	1963
Atlantic Ocean	Bahamas	The Bahamas	United Kingdom		13,878	5,358	1973
Atlantic Ocean	Cape Verde Archipelago	Cape Verde	Portugal		4,033	1,557	1975
Middle East	Protectorate of Cyprus	Cyprus	United Kingdom		9,251	3,572	1960
Europe	Malta	Malta	United Kingdom		316	121	1964
Caribbean	Barbados	Barbados	United Kingdom		431	167	1966
Caribbean	British Leeward Islands (Antigua)	Antigua and Barbuda	United Kingdom				1981
	(St. Kitts- Nevis-Anguilla)	St. Kitts and Nevis (separated from  Anguilla Non-self-governing Territory)	United Kingdom				1983
Caribbean	Jamaica	Jamaica	United Kingdom		11,100	4,444	1962
Caribbean	Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago	United Kingdom		5,128	1,978	1962
Caribbean	British Windward Islands (Dominica)	Dominica	United Kingdom				1978
	(Grenada)	Grenada	United Kingdom				1974
	(St. Lucia)	St. Lucia	United Kingdom				1979
	(St. Vincent)	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	United Kingdom				1979
North America	British Honduras	Belize	United Kingdom	145,000[22]	22,966	8,867	1981
Indian Ocean	East Timor	East Timor	Portugal ( –1975)  Indonesia (1975–1999)  UN (1999-2002)	688,711[23]	15,007	5,794.2	2002	Politics of East Timor
Indian Ocean	Madagascar and Dependencies	Madagascar	France				1960
		Comoros	France				1975
Indian Ocean	Mauritius	Mauritius	United Kingdom		2,040	787	1968
Indian Ocean	Netherlands Indies	Indonesia	Netherlands				1949
Indian Ocean	Seychelles	Seychelles	United Kingdom		451	174	1976
Asia	Singapore	Singapore[16]	United Kingdom  Malaysia	4,608,167	692.7	267.5	1965	Foreign relations of Singapore
Asia	Brunei	Brunei Darussalam	United Kingdom		5,765	2,226	1984
Pacific Ocean	Trust Territory of New Guinea	Papua New Guinea	Australia				1975
Pacific Ocean	Fiji Islands	Fiji	United Kingdom				1970
Pacific Ocean	Gilbert and Ellice Islands	Kiribati	United Kingdom				1978
		Tuvalu	United Kingdom				1979
Asia	Malayan Union	Federation of Malaya  Federation of Malaya became  Malaysia[15][16]	United Kingdom		132,364	51,106	1957 1963
Pacific Ocean	Nauru Trust Territory	Nauru	Australia		21	8.1	1968
Pacific Ocean	New Hebrides	Vanuatu	Anglo-French Condominium	100,000[24]	12,189	4,706	1980
Pacific Ocean	Territory of Papua	Papua New Guinea	Australia				1975
Pacific Ocean	Solomon Islands Protectorate	Solomon Islands	United Kingdom		28,896	11,157	1978
South America	Surinam	Suriname	Netherlands	475,996	163,270	63,038.9	1951	Politics of Suriname
Pacific Ocean	Western Samoa Trust Territory	Western Samoa	New Zealand				1962
South America	British Guiana	Guyana	United Kingdom				1966

See also

• Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
• List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
• List of dependent territories
• List of sovereign states
• List of states with limited recognition
• List of national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations

References

1. ^ United Nations Trusteeship Council
2. ^ "The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". United Nations Treaty Collection. http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/dicc/dicc.html. Retrieved 18 October 2011. 
3. ^ "Tokelau wonders 'What have we done wrong?'", Michael Field, AFP, June 2, 2004
4. ^ "Congratulations Tokelau", National Party press release, October 26, 2007
5. ^ "Colonialism has no place in today's world," says Secretary General in message to Decolonization Seminar in Indonesia", United Nations press release, May 14, 2008
6. ^ "Tokelau decolonization high on agenda", New Zealand Herald, May 17, 2008
7. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2400673.stm
8. ^ General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) adopted on the reports of the Sixth Committee
9. ^ ^{a b c} Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by General Assembly of the United Nations
10. ^ Nomenclature of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
11. ^ UN General Assembly Resolution 34/37 and UN General Assembly Resolution 35/19
12. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-2002) listed by General Assembly of the United Nations
13. ^ Infobox image in "History" section of "About Greenland", English version of the official country government website. Accessed online 2008-09-28, Sunday.
14. ^ http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2009/06/greenland-takes-over-courts-police.php
15. ^ ^{a b c} See: The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Malaysia Act 1963
16. ^ ^{a b c d} Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999) listed by General Assembly of the United Nations.
17. ^ 1960 estimate
18. ^ 1967 estimate
19. ^ 1963 estimate, see: Northern Rhodesia#Demographics
20. ^ 1963 estimate
21. ^ 1978 estimate
22. ^ 1980 estimate, see: British Honduras#Demographics
23. ^ 1974 estimate, see: Indonesian occupation of East Timor#Number of deaths
24. ^ 1976 estimate

External links

• United Nations General Assembly Resolutions
• United Nations and Decolonization homepage
• United Nations Trusteeship Council
• United Nations International Trusteeship System
• Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-2002) listed by United Nations
• Trust Territories that have achieved self-determination listed by United Nations
• United Nations and Decolonization - Committee of 24 - Resumed session, Monday, 13 June 2011