- Spanish Guinea
Infobox Former Country
native_name = Territorios Españoles del Golfo de Guinea
conventional_long_name = Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea
common_name = Spanish Guinea
continent = Africa
region = Equatorial Africa
country = Equatorial Guinea
empire = Spain
status = Colony
era = Cold War
year_start = 1926
year_end = 1968
date_start = 11 August
date_end = 11 August
event_start =
event_end = Independence
p1 = Fernando Poo
p2 = Annobón
p3 = Río Muni
s1 = Equatorial Guinea
flag_p1 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_p2 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_p3 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_s1 = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg
flag_type = Flag of Spain
flag_type = Flag of Spain
symbol = Coat of arms of Spain
symbol_type = Coat of arms of Spain
image_map_caption = Spanish Guinea
capital = Santa Isabel
latd=2|latm=11|lats=20|latNS=N|longd=102|longm=23|longs=4|longEW=E
common_languages = Spanish
title_representative = Governor
representative1 = Francisco Núñez Rodríguez
year_representative1 = 1962-63 (last)
title_deputy = High Commissioner
deputy1 = Francisco Núñez Rodríguez
year_deputy1 = 1963-64 (first)
deputy2 = Víctor Suances Díaz del Río
year_deputy2 = 1966-68 (last)
currency = Spanish Guinea PesetaSpanish Guinea was an
Africa ncolony ofSpain that became the independent nation ofEquatorial Guinea .History
The Portuguese explorer,
Fernão do Pó , seeking a route toIndia , is credited with having discovered the island ofBioko in 1472. He called it "Formosa" ("Beautiful"), but it quickly took on the name of its European discoverer. The islands of Fernando Pó and Annobón were colonized byPortugal in 1474. The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger andOgoue Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange for territory in the American continent (Treaty of El Pardo, between QueenMaria I of Portugal and KingCharles III of Spain ). From 1827 to 1843, Britain established a base on the island to, supposedly, combat the slave trade. However human trafficking continue through existing networks of slave trade established long before Europeans arrived. The mainland portion, Rio Muni, became a protectorate in 1885 and a colony in 1900. Conflicting claims to the mainland byFrance and Spain were settled in 1900 by the Treaty of Paris, and periodically, the mainland territories were united administratively under Spanish rule. Between 1926 and 1959 they were united as the colony of Spanish Guinea.During theSpanish Civil War (1936-1939), the nationalist side from Fernando Poo (who rebeled on September 19, 1936) overtook the Republican forces of Río Muni on October 14, 1936" [http://www.ceiba-guinea-ecuatorial.org/guineeangl/histoire.htm#colonie Spanish Colony] ". Institutional web site of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.] .The population of the colony was stratified"Anuario del
Instituto Cervantes (2005). Panorama de la literatura en español en Guinea Ecuatorial",Justo Bolekia Boleká , [http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_05/bolekia/p01.htm Introducción histórica] ] as:
# Whites, whose immigration was regulated by the Spanish government.
#Emancipados , black population assimilated to the Whites. They had a Christian Spanish education. Some of them descended from freedCuban slave s , brought to Africa by Royal Orders of 13 September 1845 (voluntary) and 20 June 1861 (deportation). This group included "mestizo s" (mulatto es) acknowledged by the White father"Espacio, Tiempo y Forma", Serie V, Hª Contemporánea, t. 11, 1998, págs. 113-138, " [http://62.204.194.45:8080/fedora/get/bibliuned:ETFSerie5-C1567B04-34C8-342F-55B8-0888954C0F9E/PDF Penología e indigenismo en la antigua Guinea española] ",Pedro María Belmonte Medina ] .
# "Individuals of colour" under patronage, the majority of the black indigenous people, of different ethnic groups, mostly Bantus. They were not allowed to own property and were liable toforced labour . They included unacknowleged "mestizos".
#Nigeria n andCameroon ian, Chinese andIndia n.References
ee also
*
History of Equatorial Guinea
*Bubi
*Fernandinos
*Emancipados
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