Bend, Oregon

Bend, Oregon
—  City  —
Looking west from Pilot Butte
Location in Oregon
Coordinates: 44°3′23″N 121°18′29″W / 44.05639°N 121.30806°W / 44.05639; -121.30806Coordinates: 44°3′23″N 121°18′29″W / 44.05639°N 121.30806°W / 44.05639; -121.30806
Country	United States
State	Oregon
County	Deschutes
Incorporated	January 4, 1905
Government
– Mayor	Jeff Eager
Area
– City	32.2 sq mi (83.5 km2)
– Land	32.0 sq mi (82.9 km2)
– Water	0.2 sq mi (0.6 km2)
Elevation	3,623 ft (1,104.3 m)
Population (2010)
– City	76,639
– Density	1,624.8/sq mi (627.4/km2)
– Metro	170,705
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
– Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP code	97701, 97702, 97707, 97708, 97709
Area code(s)	458 and 541
FIPS code	41-05800[1]
GNIS feature ID	1137914[2]
Website	www.ci.bend.or.us

Bend is a city in and the county seat of Deschutes County, Oregon, United States,^[3] and the principal city of the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bend is Central Oregon's largest city, and, despite its modest size, is the de facto metropolis of the region, owing to the low population density of that area. With a population of 52,029 at the time of the 2000 census, Bend's population was 76,639 in city as of the 2010 US Census.^[4]

Bend's metro population was estimated at 170,705 as of July 1, 2009.^[5][6] The Bend MSA is the 5th largest metropolitan area in Oregon.

Bend is located on the eastern edge of the Cascade Range along the Deschutes River. Here the Ponderosa Pine forest transitions into the high desert Columbia Plateau, characterized by arid land, junipers, sagebrush, and bitter-brush. Originally a crossing point on the river, settlement began in the early 1900s. Bend was incorporated as a city in 1905. Economically, it started as a logging town but is now identified as a gateway for many outdoor sports, including mountain biking, fishing, hiking, camping, rock climbing, white-water rafting, skiing, and golf.

History

Downtown circa 1920

The name Bend was derived from "Farewell Bend", the designation used by early pioneers to refer to the location along the Deschutes River where the town was eventually platted, one of the few fordable points along the river.

For at least 12,000 years, until the winter of 1824, the Bend area was known only to Native Americans who hunted and fished there. That year, members of a fur trapping party led by Peter Skene Ogden visited the area. John C. Frémont, John Strong Newberry, and other Army survey parties came next. Then pioneers heading farther west passed through the area and forded the Deschutes River at Farewell Bend.

Constructed in May 1901, the Pilot Butte Development Company's little plant was the first commercial sawmill in Bend. The original location was at the rear of the Pilot Butte Inn of later years. Steidl and Reed also set up a small mill in Bend in 1903. This was on the Deschutes River just below the Pioneer Park area. The mill was operated by water power.^[7] A small community developed around the area, and in 1904, a city was incorporated by a general vote of the community's 300 residents. On January 4, 1905, the city held its first official meeting as an incorporated municipality, appointing A. H. Goodwillie as the first mayor. The settlement was originally called "Farewell Bend", which was later shortened to "Bend" by the U.S. Postal Service. Twelve years later, Deschutes County, Oregon was formed from the western half of Crook County and Bend was designated as the county seat. In 1929, Bend amended the charter and adopted the council-manager form of government.

Geography

Drake Park during autumn

Pilot Butte

Drake Park during the winter

Bend's elevation is 3,623 feet (1,104 m).^[8]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 32.2 square miles (83 km²), with 32.0 square miles (83 km²) being land, and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) of it (0.68%) water.

Inside the city limits is Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint, an extinct cinder cone. Bend is one of three cities in the continental U.S. (with Portland, Oregon and Jackson, Mississippi) to have an extinct volcano within its city limits.^[9] It is reached by U.S. Route 20.

A lesser known characteristic of Bend, the Horse Lava Tube System enters and borders the eastern edge of the city.^[10][11]

Just south of Bend is Newberry National Volcanic Monument on U.S. Route 97.

Climate

Bend, Oregon
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.8   40 23     1.1   44 25     0.9   51 27     0.7   57 30     0.9   65 36     0.8   73 41     0.6   81 46     0.6   81 46     0.5   72 39     0.6   62 32     1.5   46 28     1.8   40 23 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Source: NOAA
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     45   4 -5     29   7 -4     23   10 -3     18   14 -1     23   18 2     19   23 5     16   27 8     15   27 8     12   22 4     16   17 0     37   8 -2     45   4 -5 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm

Bend's climate is typical of the high desert with cool nights and sunny days, classified as semi-arid (Koppen BSk). Annual precipitation averages 11.7 in (300 mm), which partially comes as the average snowfall of 27.6 inches (70.1 cm).^[12] The winter season in Bend provides a mean temperature of 31.2 °F (−0.4 °C) in both December and January.^[12] Nighttime temperatures are not much lower than daytime highs during the winter. According to the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, annually, the lowest nighttime temperature is typically -5 to -10 °F (-20.6 to -23.3 °C).^[13]

Central Oregon summers are marked by their very large diurnal temperature ranges, with typical daily temperatures ranging from 46 to 81 °F (8 to 27 °C).^[12] Hard frosts are not unheard of during the summer months. Autumn usually brings warm, dry days and cooler nights, and Bend is known for its annual Indian summer. According to the Western Regional Climate Center of the Desert Research Institute, the mean of the monthly average maximum temperatures in July, the hottest month in Bend, between 1928 and 2006 was 82.1 °F (27.8 °C).^[14]

Bend's growing season is quite short due to a brief frost-free period. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Resources Conservation Service, in half of the years between 1971 and 2000, the USDA weather station in Bend recorded the last below-freezing temperatures after July 3 and the first below-freezing temperatures before August 31.^[15]

Climate data for Bend, Oregon
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	67 (19)	73 (23)	78 (26)	86 (30)	93 (34)	99 (37)	104 (40)	102 (39)	100 (38)	90 (32)	77 (25)	66 (19)	104 (40)
Average high °F (°C)	39.7 (4.3)	44.1 (6.7)	50.6 (10.3)	57.4 (14.1)	64.9 (18.3)	72.8 (22.7)	80.7 (27.1)	80.6 (27.0)	72.4 (22.4)	61.7 (16.5)	46.3 (7.9)	39.6 (4.2)	59.2
Average low °F (°C)	22.6 (−5.2)	24.7 (−4.1)	27.2 (−2.7)	30 (−1)	35.6 (2.0)	41.2 (5.1)	46.2 (7.9)	45.6 (7.6)	38.6 (3.7)	32.2 (0.1)	27.6 (−2.4)	22.7 (−5.2)	32.9
Record low °F (°C)	−26 (−32)	−26 (−32)	−6 (−21)	9 (−13)	13 (−11)	23 (−5)	27 (−3)	27 (−3)	16 (−9)	3 (−16)	−14 (−26)	−24 (−31)	−26 (−32)
Precipitation inches (mm)	1.76 (44.7)	1.13 (28.7)	0.92 (23.4)	0.70 (17.8)	0.90 (22.9)	0.75 (19.1)	0.62 (15.7)	0.60 (15.2)	0.49 (12.4)	0.62 (15.7)	1.46 (37.1)	1.78 (45.2)	11.73 (297.9)
Snowfall inches (cm)	7.0 (17.8)	5.4 (13.7)	3.0 (7.6)	0.9 (2.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.3 (0.8)	4.7 (11.9)	6.2 (15.7)	27.6 (70.1)
Avg. precipitation days	9.9	8.8	7.3	6.5	5.9	4.6	3.7	4	4.1	4.6	9	9.7	78.1
Avg. snowy days	4.9	4.0	2.0	0.7	0	0	0	0	0	0.3	2.1	4.4	18.4
Sunshine hours	139.0	169.0	245.0	289.0	313.0	340.0	395.0	395.0	323.0	243.0	170.0	123.0	3,144.0
Source: NOAA [16]

Monthly and Annual Average Temperatures (deg F), Bend (1862), 1971-2000^[12]

Parameter	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
Mean number of days Max 90 or more	0	0	0	0	0.1	1.0	5.5	5.9	1.1	0	0	0	13.8
Min 32 or less	25.6	23.4	24.4	19.2	11.4	3.1	0.6	0.5	6.8	16.1	21.3	26.1	178.5
Max 32 or less	4.8	2.6	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	1.3	4.3	13.7
Min 0 or less	1.1	0.7	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.4	1.1	3.4

Demographics

Location of the Bend-Prineville CSA and its components:

  Bend Metropolitan Statistical Area

  Prineville Micropolitan Statistical Area

Bend is the larger principal city of the Bend-Prineville CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Bend metropolitan area (Deschutes County) and the Prineville micropolitan area (Crook County),^[17][18][19] which had a combined estimated population of 216,310 by the United States Census Bureau in 2008.^[1]

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 52,029 people, 21,062 households, and 13,395 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,624.8 people per square mile (627.4/km²). There were 22,507 housing units at an average density of 702.9 per square mile (271.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.98% White, 0.28% African American, 0.79% Native American, 1.00% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.75% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.61% of the population.

There were 21,062 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 2.92.

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1910	536		—
1920	5,415		910.3%
1930	8,848		63.4%
1940	10,021		13.3%
1950	11,409		13.9%
1960	11,936		4.6%
1970	13,710		14.9%
1980	17,263		25.9%
1990	20,469		18.6%
2000	52,029		154.2%
2010	76,639		47.3%
source:[5][6][20][21]

The age distribution was 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,857, and in 2006 the median income for a family of four is $58,800. Males had a median income of $33,377 versus $25,094 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,624. About 6.9% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Tourism is one of Bend's largest sectors. The Mount Bachelor ski resort brings in tourists from all over Oregon, Washington, and California. The nearby Cascade Lakes are also a large draw for tourists. Recreational activities include downhill and cross country skiing, hiking, biking, rafting, golfing, camping, fishing, picnicking, rock climbing, and general sightseeing.

Bend is also home to the Deschutes Brewery, the largest of several microbreweries in the city. Since 2004, Bend has also hosted the BendFilm Festival.^[22]

In 2005, Bend's economic profile comprised five industry categories: tourism (7,772 jobs); healthcare and social services (6,062 jobs); professional, scientific and technical services (1,893 jobs); wood products manufacturing (1,798 jobs); and recreation and transportation equipment (1,065 jobs).

Much of Bend's rapid growth in recent years is also due to its attraction as a retirement destination. The rapid population growth has fostered organizations such as Central Oregon Landwatch and Oregon Solutions.^[23]

Major companies

As of 2005, the top 20 regional employers (EDCO, 2005)^[24] were:

• St. Charles Medical Center (2,337 employees)
• Bright Wood Corporation (1,466)
• Les Schwab Tire Centers (1,142)
• Sunriver Resort (870, seasonal)
• Mt. Bachelor, Inc (750, seasonal)
• T-Mobile (674)
• TRG. Customer Solutions (625)
• Clear Pine Mouldings, Inc. (597)
• JELD-WEN Windows & Doors (521)
• Eagle Crest Partners, Ltd. (500, seasonal)
• Safeway (490)
• Knife River Corporation (formerly Hap Taylor & Sons) (465)
• Bend Memorial Clinic (460)
• Wal-Mart (445)
• Fred Meyer (411)
• Woodgrain Millwork (365)
• Black Butte Ranch (350)
• Kah-Nee-Ta (350, seasonal)

1984 photo of lumber mill and Pilot Butte

Other companies include:

• American Licorice Company
• Deschutes Brewery
• Edge Wireless
• Leverage Factory
• SCE Bend Studio
• McMenamins Old St. Francis School

Construction and real estate

Downtown construction in Bend

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2005 construction and real estate accounted for 17.3% of all jobs in the Bend metropolitan statistical area (MSA), which constitutes all of Deschutes County.^[25] This figure is about 70% more than the proportion of construction and real estate jobs in the Oregon and national economies.^[26] However, construction activity in Bend appears to be slowing - the number of building permit applications received by the Bend City Building Division fell from 826 in August 2006 to 533 in August 2007, a 35% decrease.^[27]

A large influx of new residents drawn by Bend's lifestyle amenities, along with the low interest rates and easy lending that fostered a national housing boom in 2001-2005, resulted in increased activity in Bend's construction and real estate sectors and have caused the rate of home price appreciation in Bend to grow substantially during that period.^{[citation needed]} Median home prices in the Bend MSA increased by over 80% in the 2001-2005 period.^[28]

In June 2006, Money magazine named the Bend MSA the fifth most overpriced real estate market in the United States.^[29] By September 2006, the Bend metro area ranked second in the list of most overpriced housing markets, and in June 2007 it was named the most overpriced housing market in America.^[30][31]

The 2008/2009 housing downturn had a strong effect on Bend's housing and economic situation. According to the Seattle Times,^[32] single-family home prices dropped more than 40 percent from a peak of $396,000 in May 2007 to $221,000 in March 2009. Additional signs of the housing downturn include an April 2009 Deschutes county unemployment rate of 12.6 percent and in a tri-county area of Deschutes, Crook and Jefferson counties a 66 percent rise in homelessness from 2006 to 2,237.^[32]

In May 2010 the Federal Housing and Finance Agency released a report in which Bend had the largest price drop in the country, 23%, from first quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2010.^[33]

Museums and other points of interest

Historic Tower Theatre in downtown Bend

• High Desert Museum
• Tower Theatre
• Des Chutes Historical Museum

Sports

Bend is home to the Bend Elks of the West Coast Collegiate Baseball League. The Elks play at historic Vince Genna Stadium. Bend is also the home of the Central Oregon Hotshots of the International Basketball League. The Central Oregon Steelheaders, continually one of the top teams in the NW conference of the Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL), play at the Central Oregon Indoor Sports Center in Bend.

The Bend Renegades, a women's premier-level soccer team will compete in their inaugural season in the Northwest Women's Soccer League in summer 2009.^[34]

Bend is the home of the professional cross-country ski team XC Oregon, which competes in races locally, regionally, nationally and internationally. Top team members include: Colin Mahood, Josh Smullin, Evelyn Dong, Brayton Osgood, Zach Violett, and Marshall Greene.^[35]

Bend recently has had success in landing major sporting events such as the 2008 and 2009 USA Winter Triathlon National Championships, the 2008 and 2009 XTERRA Trail Running National Championships, and the 2009 and 2010 United States National Cyclo-cross Championships as well as the 2009 and 2010 USA Cycling Elite Road National Championships.

A popular spot for cycling, Bend has over 300 miles of mountain bike trails and is the home to the Cascade Cycling Classic, the nation's longest running stage race for road bicycle racing. Bend was recently named the top mountain bike city in Mountain Bike Action magazine.

Bend features the Bend Roughriders RFC, a mens division 3 Rugby Football Club.^[36]

Bend's Lava City Roller Dolls became a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association in April, 2009. ^[37]

Bend's Pole Pedal Paddle is one of the Pacific Northwest's premier athletic events. It is a relay race held each spring with six legs that include alpine skiing/snowboarding, cross-country skiing, biking, running, canoeing/kayaking and sprinting.

Bend is also home to the Deschutes County Rocks amateur boxing team.

Running is also a popular sport in Bend. Bend is home to the Haulin' Aspen Trail Marathon, XTERRA Trail Running National Championships, and the Pilot Butte Challenge. One of the largest running clubs in Bend is CORK (central Oregon running klub). In 2006 Bend was named the best trail running city by Outside magazine,^[38] because of 51 miles of in town trails.^[39] Runner also enjoy parks such as shevlin, tumalo falls, and deschutes river trail.

Parks and recreation

• Newberry National Volcanic Monument

Farewell Bend Park

Education

The Bend area is served by the Bend-La Pine School District. There are four high schools (Bend, Marshall, Mountain View, and Summit), four middle schools, (Cascade, High Desert, Pilot Butte, and Sky View), 12 elementary schools, and four magnet schools. There are several private schools within the area as well, including Cascades Academy of Central Oregon, Seven Peaks, Waldorf School of Bend, St. Francis of Assisi, Morning Star Christian, and Trinity Lutheran [1]. Central Oregon Community College (COCC) and the OSU-Cascades Campus of Oregon State University (OSU) serve the community with both two- and four-year programs.

Media

Television

• KTVZ 21 (NBC)- The region's first broadcast TV station (launched in 1977).
• KFXO-LP 39 (FOX) - On April 17, 2006, the station launched a local news broadcast. The station later was purchased by KTVZ's parent firm, News-Press and Gazette Co.
• KOHD 51 (ABC) - Chambers Communications (Eugene, Oregon) recently purchased a broadcast license for the market and began its local newscasts in the fall of 2007.^[40]
• KBNZ-LD (CBS) - New Vision, parent company of KOIN-TV Portland, has purchased KBNZ and is offering local news segments.
• NTVZ-CW (CW). KTVZ (DT2). Broadcast by NPG of Oregon, The CW carries popular entertainment programming. First local on-air broadcast was September 2006.
• KQRE-TM (Telemundo). Spanish language television broadcast by NPG of Oregon since 2007.
• COTV 11 - Carries RSN (Resort Sports Network), local events (parades, city council meetings, candidate forums). In addition, COTV airs local sports, including the Central Oregon Hotshots, Bend Elks, and local high school teams.

Radio

• KBND 1110 AM - News Talk Information format.
• KBNW 1340 AM - News Talk Information format.
• KICE 940 AM - airs sports programming from the ESPN Radio Network.
• KLBR 88.1 FM - National Public Radio and locally produced radio shows from Lane Community College. KLBR is a simulcast of KLCC (FM) in Eugene, Oregon.
• KLRR 101.7 FM - commercial adult album alternative music radio station in Redmond, Oregon, broadcasting to the Bend, Oregon area.
• KLTW-FM 95.1 FM - Adult Contemporary format. KLTW also has a Broadcast translator K283BH 104.5 FM
• KMTK 99.7 FM - broadcasts a country music format.
• KOAB-FM 91.3 FM - Oregon Public Broadcasting
• KPOV-FM 88.9 FM - Low-power community radio station owned by the Women's Civic Improvement League.
• KQAK 105.7 FM - Classic Hits format.
• KRXF 92.9 FM - commercial modern rock music radio station in Sunriver, Oregon, with a slogan of "Local. Independent"
• KWPK-FM 104.1 FM - Hot Adult Contemporary format.
• KWRX 88.5 FM - non-commercial classical music radio station broadcasting to the Bend, Oregon area. KWRX is a simulcast of KWAX in Eugene, Oregon.
• KXIX 94.1 FM - commercial Top 40 music.

Newspapers

• Bend Bulletin

Transportation

Air

The nearest commercial airport is Roberts Field in Redmond, 18 miles (29 km) north. Horizon Airlines, SkyWest Airlines (flying as both United Express and Delta Connection) and Allegiant Airlines provide direct service to Portland, Seattle, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Mesa, Arizona. The U.S. Forest Service operates an air base and training center for firefighting, and Butler Aircraft, a fixed-base operator, flies DC-4 aircraft for firefighting efforts.

Bend Municipal Airport (KBDN) is located 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of the city and serves general aviation. Several significant general aviation companies are based at Bend Airport, including Precise Flight, which develops oxygen systems, speed brakes, landing lights and other modifications for general aviation aircraft, Epic Aircraft and Cessna.

Bus

The Bend Hawthorne Transit Center is a hub for the Cascades East Transit center with connections to intercity bus services including the HighDesert Point , Eastern Point, and the Central Oregon Breeze.^[41][42]

Bend was previously the only metropolitan area west of the Mississippi River without a public bus system. A measure that would have created a transit district was on the November 2004 ballot, but was defeated 53 to 41 percent. As of August 2006, however, funding was acquired and the B.A.T. (Bend Area Transit) bus service began on a limited basis. Buses have been running since September 27, 2006.^[43]

During the Summer of 2007, not a single bus purchased was in operation (though several were due to weak A/C systems) and litigation was underway.^[44]

Highways

Bend lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 20 and U.S. Route 97. The latter runs on an expressway alignment through the city known as the Bend Parkway; a business route for US 97 runs along 3rd Street. The city is also served by the Century Drive Highway No. 372 which provides access to Mount Bachelor.

Rail

A BNSF mainline runs north-south through the city; there are numerous spurs off of the mainline which serve industrial rail customers. The closest Amtrak service is in the town of Chemult, approximately 65 miles (105 km) to the south; this station is served by the Coast Starlight route.

Notable people

• Broda Otto Barnes, physician, hypothyroidism researcher
• Thomas Beatie, the world's first pregnant man
• Shannon Bex, member of the musical group Danity Kane
• Drew Bledsoe, NFL quarterback^[45]
• Mohini Bhardwaj, Olympic gymnast
• Pat Cashman, comedian, television and radio personality
• John Chambers, CEO of Cisco Corporation is a part-time resident
• Ray W. Clough, Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, founder of the Finite Element Method
• Kent Couch, lawnchair balloonist
• Adam Craig, professional mountain bike racer and Olympian
• Kiki Cutter, Olympic and World Cup ski champion
• Alan Embree, professional baseball player
• Myrlie Evers-Williams, civil rights activist
• Jon Fogarty, professional race car driver currently with GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing
• Matthew Fox, television actor on the series Lost
• Michael Garrison, electronic musician
• Jere Gillis, former NHL player
• Chris Horner, ProTour road cyclist currently riding for Team RadioShack
• Steve House, mountain climber, first non-European winner of Piolet d'Or Award
• Stan Humphries, former NFL quarterback
• Dave Hunt, founder of The Berean Call ministry
• Jason Keep, basketball player
• Phil Knight, current chairman and former CEO of Nike, is a seasonal resident
• Gary Lewis, outdoor writer for ESPN, author and TV host
• Ryan Longwell, NFL place kicker^[45]
• Gerry Lopez, Hawaiian surfing legend
• Felix Marcoulier, One of the original founders of the Mt. Bachelor Ski Area
• Robert D. Maxwell, Medal of Honor winner
• Donald L. McFaul, U.S. Navy SEAL killed in Panama in 1989
• William A. Niskanen, Former Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Reagan Administration and former Chairman of the Cato Institute.
• Paul Phillips, professional poker player
• Beckie Scott, 2002 Olympic gold medalist in cross country skiing
• David Stoliar, sole survivor of an attack on the Struma, a ship carrying Jewish refugees during the Holocaust
• Conrad Stoltz, three-time XTERRA off-road triathlon champion
• Mickey Tettleton, former Major League Baseball player
• Andy Tillman, llama rancher, businessman, and author
• Ryan Trebon, professional mountain bike and cyclocross racer
• Gary Zimmerman, NFL Player, inducted into the NFL Hall of Fame in 2008

Sister cities

Bend has multiple sister cities:

• Fujioka, Gunma, Japan^[46][47]
• Condega, Nicaragua ^[48]
• Muzaffarabad, Pakistan^[49][50]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
4. ^ "2010 Census Redistricting Data". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-03-15. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Certified Population Estimates for Oregon's Cities and Towns". Population Research Center. Portland State University. March 2009. http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/PopRpt08c2.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-29. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Certified Population Estimates for Oregon's Cities and Towns". Population Research Center. Portland State University. December 15, 2009. http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/2009CertPopEst_web3.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-13. 
7. ^ Phil F. Brogan. "Visitor Information Service". Deschutes National Forest. 1969 (pg 116). http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/12696/VisitorInformationDeschutesNationalForest.pdf?sequence=1. 
8. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
9. ^ "Mt. Tabor Park". Portland Parks & Recreation. http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=275&c=38308. Retrieved 2007-08-03. 
10. ^ SKEELS (2009-02-13). "Horse Lava Tube System". http://www.ohdgrotto.com/horse.html. Retrieved 2009-07-05. 
11. ^ Champion, Duane E. (2002-05-14, abstract). "Mapping Newberry Volcano's Extensive North Flank Basalts". http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002CD/finalprogram/abstract_34405.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-27. 
12. ^ ^{a b c d} http://www.ocs.oregonstate.edu/county_climate/Deschutes_files/Deschutes.html
13. ^ USNA - USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map: North-West US
14. ^ Monthly Average Maximum Temperature, BEND, OREGON
15. ^ National Water & Climate Center - Climate Information
16. ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 2011. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/or/350694.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-24. 
17. ^ METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
18. ^ MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
19. ^ COMBINED STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENT CORE BASED STATISTICAL AREAS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
20. ^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 206.
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22. ^ Bend Film Festival
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26. ^ Economy endures in housing slump | The Bulletin
27. ^ Welcome to the City of Bend Oregon Website - Statistics - Building Division
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35. ^ XC Oregon
36. ^ Bend Rugby
37. ^ http://www.lavacityrollerdolls.com/
38. ^ http://outsideonline.com/outside/destinations/200608/best-outside-towns-2006-7.html
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41. ^ http://oregon-point.com/hd_point.html
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43. ^ Preusch, Matthew. "Fixed-route buses are coming to Bend". The Oregonian. http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1149560721101990.xml&coll=7. Retrieved 2006-11-08. 
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External links

• Listing for Bend in the Oregon Blue Book
• Bend Community and Profile Trends Report from the City of Bend (pdf)
• Bend Chamber of Commerce
• Bend Visitor and Convention Bureau