S-100 protein

S-100/ICaBP type calcium binding domain
Identifiers
Symbol	S_100
Pfam	PF01023
InterPro	IPR013787
PROSITE	PDOC00275
SCOP	1cnp
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

S-100 protein is a family of low molecular weight protein found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium binding sites of the helix-loop-helix ("EF-hand type") conformation. There are at least 21 different types of S100 proteins.^[1] The name is derived from the fact that the protein is 100% Soluble in ammonium sulfate at neutral pH.

Structure

Most S100 proteins are homodimeric, consisting of two identical polypeptides held together by non-covalent bonds. Although S100 proteins are structurally similar to calmodulin, they differ in that they are cell-specific, expressed in particular cells at different levels depending on environmental factors. To contrast, calmodulin is a ubiquitous and universal intracellular Ca²⁺ receptor widely expressed in many cells.

Normal function

S100 is normally present in cells derived from the neural crest (Schwann cells, melanocytes, and glial cells), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. It may be present in some breast epithelial cells.

S100 proteins have been implicated in a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions.^[2] S100 proteins are involved in regulation of protein phosphorylation, transcription factors, Ca++ homeostasis, the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents, enzyme activities, cell growth and differentiation, and the inflammatory response. S100A7 (psoriasin) and S100A15 have been found to act as cytokines in inflammation, particularly in autoimmune skin conditions such as psoriasis.^[3]

Pathology

Several members of the S-100 protein family are useful as markers for certain tumors and epidermal differentiation. It can be found in melanomas,^[4] 50% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, schwannomas, paraganglioma stromal cells, histiocytoma and clear cell sarcomas. Further, S100 proteins are markers for inflammatory diseases and can mediate inflammation and act as antimicrobials.^[5]

S100 proteins have been used in the lab as cell markers for anatomic pathology.

Human Genes

• S100A1, S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A5, S100A6, S100A7 psoriasin, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100A13, S100A14(S100A14), S100A15 Koebnerisin, (S100A15), S100A16
• S100B
• S100P
• S100Z(S100Z)

CRNN; FLG; HRNR; IFPS; RPTN; S100G; TCHH; THHL1;

References

1. ^ Marenholz I, Heizmann CW, Fritz G (October 2004). "S100 proteins in mouse and man: from evolution to function and pathology (including an update of the nomenclature)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 322 (4): 1111–22. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.096. PMID 15336958. 
2. ^ Donato R (April 2003). "Intracellular and extracellular roles of S100 proteins". Microsc. Res. Tech. 60 (6): 540–51. doi:10.1002/jemt.10296. PMID 12645002. 
3. ^ Wolf R, Howard OM, Dong HF, Voscopoulos C, Boeshans K, Winston J et al. (2008). "Chemotactic activity of S100A7 (Psoriasin) is mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products and potentiates inflammation with highly homologous but functionally distinct S100A15.". J Immunol 181 (2): 1499–506. PMC 2435511. PMID 18606705. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18606705. 
4. ^ Nonaka D, Chiriboga L, Rubin BP (November 2008). "Differential expression of S100 protein subtypes in malignant melanoma, and benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors". J. Cutan. Pathol. 35 (11): 1014–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00953.x. PMID 18547346. 
5. ^ Wolf R, Ruzicka T, Yuspa SH (July 2010). "Novel S100A7 (psoriasin)/S100A15 (koebnerisin) subfamily: highly homologous but distinct in regulation and function". Amino Acids. doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0666-4. PMID 20596736. 

Further reading

• Wolf R, Voscopoulos CJ, FitzGerald PC, et al. (2006). "The mouse S100A15 ortholog parallels genomic organization, structure, gene expression, and protein-processing pattern of the human S100A7/A15 subfamily during epidermal maturation". J. Invest. Dermatol. 126 (7): 1600–8. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700210. PMID 16528363. 

• Ronald Wolf, O. M. Zack Howard, Hui-Fang Dong, Christopher Voscopoulos, Karen Boeshans, Jason Winston, Rao Divi, Michele Gunsior, Paul Goldsmith, Bijan Ahvazi, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Joost J. Oppenheim and Stuart H. Yuspa (2010.). "Chemotactic Activity of S100A7 (Psoriasin) Is Mediated by the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Potentiates Inflammation with Highly Homologous but Functionally Distinct S100A15.". The Journal of Immunology 181 (2): 1499–1506. 

• Ronald Wolf, Christopher Voscopoulos, Jason Winston, Alif Dharamsi, Paul Goldsmith Michele Gunsior, Barbara K. Vonderhaar, Melanie Olson, Peter H. Watson, and Stuart H. Yuspa. (2008). "Highly homologous hS100A15 and hS100A7 proteins are distinctly expressed in normal breast tissue and breast cancer.". J. Cancer Lett. 277 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.032. PMC 2680177. PMID 19136201. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2680177. 

• Ronald Wolf, Francesca Mascia, Alif Dharamsi, O. M. Zack Howard, Christophe Cataisson, Val Bliskovski, Jason Winston, Lionel Feigenbaum, Ulrike Lichti, Thomas Ruzicka Triantafyllos Chavakis, and Stuart H. Yuspa. (2010). "Gene from a Psoriasis Susceptibility Locus Primes the Skin for Inflammation.". Science Translational Medicine 2 (61): 61ra90. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001108. PMID 21148126. 

External links

• MeSH S100+Proteins

This article related to pathology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Anatomical pathology Proteins Pathology stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР? Bandala Valley John Foreman (musician) Look at other dictionaries: S-100 protein — S 100 protein. См. белок S 100. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь. S-100-Protein — Die Proteine der Multigen Familie S 100 sind Calcium bindende Proteine mit niedriger Molekülmasse (9 13 kDa) und einer Vielzahl von zellulären Funktionen (z. B. Phosphorylierungen). Zu den S 100 Proteinen gehören 19 Mitglieder, die in… …   Deutsch Wikipedia S-100 protein — a calcium binding protein, occurring in three isoforms, that is widely distributed both in normal and neoplastic tissue; it is used as an immunohistochemical marker in initial screening of a number of types of tumors …   Medical dictionary Protein adulteration in the People's Republic of China — refers to the adulteration and contamination of several food and feed ingredients with inexpensive melamine and other compounds such as cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide. These adulterants can be used to inflate the apparent protein content of …   Wikipedia Protein purification — is a series of processes intended to isolate a single type of protein from a complex mixture. Protein purification is vital for the characterisation of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The starting material is… …   Wikipedia Protein sequencing — Proteins are found in every cell and are essential to every biological process, protein structure is very complex: determining a protein s structure involves first protein sequencing determining the amino acid sequences of its constituent… …   Wikipedia Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy — (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins. The field was pioneered by, among others, Kurt Wüthrich, who shared the Nobel …   Wikipedia Protein subcellular localization prediction — involves the computational prediction of where a protein resides in a cell. Prediction of protein subcellular localization is an important component of bioinformatics based prediction of protein function and genome annotation, and it can aid the… …   Wikipedia Protein Analysis Subcellular Localization Prediction — Protein (or in general, proteome) Analysis Subcellular Localization Prediction is a process (usually through the use of web based software) of predicting the location or destination of a protein within the cell using only the protein sequence as… …   Wikipedia Protein-lipid interaction — is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa. The questions which are relevant to understanding of the structure and function of the membrane are: 1) Do intrinsic membrane proteins bind tightly to lipids, and… …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”