Secretoneurin

Secretoneurin, also called Chromogranin B (CHGB), is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, CHGC) . Because of this secretogranin II is also called secretoneurin-included (SN, included).

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = Chromogranin B is a tyrosine-sulfated secretory protein found in a wide variety of peptidergic endocrine cells. Chromogranin functions as a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHGB chromogranin B (secretogranin 1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1114| accessdate = ]

Secretoneurin is involved in chemotaxis of monocytes and eosinophils (comparable in potency to IL8) and endothelial cells and in regulation of endothelial cell proliferation. Highest secretoneurin levels are found in anterior pituitary, followed by adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary hypothalamus (2- to 6-fold lower levels in other brain regions investigated). Secretoneurin has been shown to have potent angiogenic activity "in vivo" in mouse cornea model and "in vitro" in a 3-dimensional gel.

ignaling

PI3 kinase, phosphodiesterase and phospholipase D inhibition inhobits its pro-migration effects, but blocking PKC and tyrosine kinases has notbeen shown to have effect. Downstream to these ERK type MAP kinase and AKT are activated.

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Erickson JD, Lloyd R, Trojanowski JQ, "et al." |title=Sites of synthesis of chromogranins A and B in the human brain. |journal=Neuropeptides |volume=21 |issue= 4 |pages= 239–44 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1518561 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ |title=Mapping of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase (GNAS1) to 20q13.2----q13.3 in human by in situ hybridization. |journal=Genomics |volume=11 |issue= 2 |pages= 478–9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1769666 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gill BM, Barbosa JA, Dinh TQ, "et al." |title=Chromogranin B: isolation from pheochromocytoma, N-terminal sequence, tissue distribution and secretory vesicle processing. |journal=Regul. Pept. |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 223–35 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1882087 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Benedum UM, Lamouroux A, Konecki DS, "et al." |title=The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal domains and a large intervening variable region. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 5 |pages= 1203–11 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3608978 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Benjannet S, Leduc R, Adrouche N, "et al." |title=Chromogranin B (secretogranin I), a putative precursor of two novel pituitary peptides through processing at paired basic residues. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=224 |issue= 1 |pages= 142–8 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3678488 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Benjannet S, Leduc R, Lazure C, "et al." |title=GAWK, a novel human pituitary polypeptide: isolation, immunocytochemical localization and complete amino acid sequence. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=126 |issue= 1 |pages= 602–9 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3970711 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Stridsberg M, Oberg K, Li Q, "et al." |title=Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B (secretogranin I), chromogranin C (secretogranin II) and pancreastatin in plasma and urine from patients with carcinoid tumours and endocrine pancreatic tumours. |journal=J. Endocrinol. |volume=144 |issue= 1 |pages= 49–59 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7891024 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Johansson H, Grimelius L |title=Complex co-localization of chromogranins and neurohormones in the human gastrointestinal tract. |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=45 |issue= 6 |pages= 815–22 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9199667 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, "et al." |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Eder U, Leitner B, Kirchmair R, "et al." |title=Levels and proteolytic processing of chromogranin A and B and secretogranin II in cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases. |journal=Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) |volume=105 |issue= 1 |pages= 39–51 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9588759 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Marksteiner J, Bauer R, Kaufmann WA, "et al." |title=PE-11, a peptide derived from chromogranin B, in the human brain. |journal=Neuroscience |volume=91 |issue= 3 |pages= 1155–70 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10391491 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, "et al." |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a
*cite journal | author=Yoo SH, You SH, Kang MK, "et al." |title=Localization of the secretory granule marker protein chromogranin B in the nucleus. Potential role in transcription control. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 18 |pages= 16011–21 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11854265 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M105594200
*cite journal | author=Marksteiner J, Kaufmann WA, Gurka P, Humpel C |title=Synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease. |journal=J. Mol. Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 53–63 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11931350 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhang B, Tan Z, Zhang C, "et al." |title=Polymorphisms of chromogranin B gene associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |volume=323 |issue= 3 |pages= 229–33 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11959426 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tasiemski A, Hammad H, Vandenbulcke F, "et al." |title=Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides. |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue= 2 |pages= 553–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12091348 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M |title=Region-specific antibodies to chromogranin B display various immunostaining patterns in human endocrine pancreas. |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=50 |issue= 8 |pages= 1023–30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12133905 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kimura N, Yoshida R, Shiraishi S, "et al." |title=Chromogranin A and chromogranin B in noninvasive and invasive breast carcinoma. |journal=Endocr. Pathol. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 117–22 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12165659 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M |title=Region-specific antibodies against chromogranin B display different immunoreactivity in the human pancreatic islet cell types. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=971 |issue= |pages= 341–4 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12438147 |doi=

External links

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