Brain natriuretic peptide

Brain natriuretic peptide
Natriuretic peptide B
Identifiers
Symbols NPPB; BNP
External IDs OMIM: 600295 HomoloGene: 81698 GeneCards: NPPB Gene
RNA expression pattern
PBB GE NPPB 206801 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 4879 n/a
Ensembl ENSG00000120937 n/a
UniProt P16860 n/a
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002521.2 n/a
RefSeq (protein) NP_002512.1 n/a
Location (UCSC) Chr 1:
11.92 – 11.92 Mb		 n/a
PubMed search [1] n/a

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), now known as B-type natriuretic peptide (also BNP) or GC-B, is a 32 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). BNP is named as such because it was originally identified in extracts of porcine brain, although in humans it is produced mainly in the cardiac ventricles.

BNP is co-secreted along with a 76 amino acid N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) which is biologically inactive. BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptors NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity. The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better targets than ANP for diagnostic blood testing.

The physiologic actions of BNP are similar to ANP and include decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure as well as an increase in natriuresis. Thus, the net effect of BNP and ANP is a decrease in blood volume which lowers systemic blood pressure and afterload, yielding an increase in cardiac output, partly due to a higher ejection fraction.

Contents

Clinical significance

  • The main clinical utility of either BNP or NT-BNP is that a normal level rules out heart failure.[1]
  • Either marker can also be used for screening and prognosis of heart failure.[2]
  • Both are also typically increased in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, with or without symptoms (BNP accurately reflects current ventricular status, as its half-life is 20 minutes, as opposed to 1-2 hours for NT-ProBNP).[3]

BNP > 100 pg per milliliter

  • sensitivity = 90%
  • specificity = 76%

BNP > 50 pg per milliliter

  • sensitivity = 97%
  • specificity = 62%
  • For patients with congestive heart failure, BNP values will generally be above 100 pg/ml.
  • A more conservative interpretation of the BNP is that normal values are less than 50 pg/ml, in order to achieve adequate sensitivity.
  • There is a diagnostic 'gray area', often defined as between 100 and 500 pg/ml, for which the test is considered inconclusive, but levels above 500 pg/ml are generally considered to be positive. This so called gray zone has been addressed in several studies and using clinical history or other available simple tools can help make the diagnosis.[4][5]
  • Bhalla et al. showed that BNP plays a very important role in prognostication of millions of diabetics.[6]
  • Also, BNP was found to have an important role in prognostication of heart surgery patients[7] and in the emergency department.[8] Bhalla et al. showed that combining BNP with other tools like ICG can improve early diagnosis of heart failure and advance prevention strategies.[9][10] Utility of BNP has also been explored in various settings like preeclampsia , ICU and shock and ESRD.[11][12][13]

The effect or race and gender on value of BNP and its utility in that context has been studied extensively.[14][15]

NT-proBNP levels (in pg/mL) by NYHA functional class [16]
NYHA I NYHA II NYHA III NYHA IV
5th Percentile 33 103 126 148
Mean 1015 1666 3029 3465
95th Percentile 3410 6567 10,449 12,188

BNP can be elevated in renal failure[citation needed] BNP is cleared by binding to natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) Less than 5% of BNP is cleared renally. NTproBNP is the inactive molecule resulting from cleavage of the prohormone Pro-BNP and is SOLELY reliant on the kidney for excretion. The achilles heel of the NT proBNP molecule is the overlap in kidney disease in the heart failure patient population.[17][18]

Usual ranges for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Patient type Lower limit Upper limit Unit
Male 45-54 yrs 4[19] 40[19] pg/mL
55-64 yrs 5[19] 52[19]
65-74 yrs 7[19] 67[19]
75-83 yrs 9[19] 86[19]
Female 45-54 yrs 8[19] 73[19]
55-64 yrs 10[19] 93[19]
65-74 yrs 13[19] 120[19]
75-83 yrs 16[19] 155[19]

The BNP test is used as an aid in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of congestive heart failure (also referred to as heart failure). A recent meta-analysis concerning effects of BNP testing on clinical outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnea revealed that BNP testing led to a decrease in admission rates and decrease in mean length of stay, although neither were statistically significant. Effects on all cause hospital mortality was inconclusive. [20] The BNP test is also used for the risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes.[21][22]

When interpreting an elevated BNP level, it is useful to remember that values may be elevated due to factors other than heart failure. Lower levels are often seen in obese patients.[23] Higher levels are seen in those with renal disease, in the absence of heart failure.

BNP is also one of the reasons why people will feel the need to urinate after getting into the bathtub or pool. The increased pressure on the body drives more fluid back into systemic circulation which in turn leads to a slight increase in preload. The left ventricle, and to a small degree the left atrium, secrete BNP in response. The natriuretic effect of BNP leads to an increase in urine production.[24]

Measurement and standardisation

BNP and NT-proBNP are measured by immunoassay. BNP is standardised whereas NT-proBNP has not been standardised yet.

See also

References

  1. ^ Maisel A, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak R, McCord J, Hollander J, Duc P, Omland T, Storrow A, Abraham W, Wu A, Clopton P, Steg P, Westheim A, Knudsen C, Perez A, Kazanegra R, Herrmann H, McCullough P (2002). "Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure". N Engl J Med 347 (3): 161–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020233. PMID 12124404. 
  2. ^ Bhalla V, Willis S, Maisel AS (2004). "B-type natriuretic peptide: the level and the drug--partners in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure". Congest Heart Fail 10 (1 Suppl 1): 3–27. doi:10.1111/j.1527-5299.2004.03310.x. PMID 14872150. 
  3. ^ Atisha D, Bhalla MA, Morrison LK, Felicio L, Clopton P, Gardetto N, Kazanegra R, Chiu A, Maisel AS (September 2004). "A prospective study in search of an optimal B-natriuretic peptide level to screen patients for cardiac dysfunction". Am. Heart J. 148 (3): 518–23. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.03.014. PMID 15389242. 
  4. ^ Strunk A, Bhalla V, Clopton P, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Duc P, Storrow AB, Abraham WT, Wu AH, Steg G, Perez A, Kazanegra R, Herrmann HC, Aumont MC, McCullough PA, Maisel A (January 2006). "Impact of the history of congestive heart failure on the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". Am. J. Med. 119 (1): 69.e1–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.029. PMID 16431187. 
  5. ^ Brenden CK, Hollander JE, Guss D, McCullough PA, Nowak R, Green G, Saltzberg M, Ellison SR, Bhalla MA, Bhalla V, Clopton P, Jesse R, Maisel AS (May 2006). "Gray zone BNP levels in heart failure patients in the emergency department: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study". Am. Heart J. 151 (5): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.017. PMID 16644322. 
  6. ^ Bhalla MA, Chiang A, Epshteyn VA, Kazanegra R, Bhalla V, Clopton P, Krishnaswamy P, Morrison LK, Chiu A, Gardetto N, Mudaliar S, Edelman SV, Henry RR, Maisel AS (September 2004). "Prognostic role of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44 (5): 1047–52. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.071. PMID 15337217. 
  7. ^ Hutfless R, Kazanegra R, Madani M, Bhalla MA, Tulua-Tata A, Chen A, Clopton P, James C, Chiu A, Maisel AS (May 2004). "Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting postoperative complications and outcomes in patients undergoing heart surgery". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43 (10): 1873–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.048. PMID 15145114. 
  8. ^ Maisel A, Hollander JE, Guss D, McCullough P, Nowak R, Green G, Saltzberg M, Ellison SR, Bhalla MA, Bhalla V, Clopton P, Jesse R (September 2004). "Primary results of the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT). A multicenter study of B-type natriuretic peptide levels, emergency department decision making, and outcomes in patients presenting with shortness of breath". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44 (6): 1328–33. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.015. PMID 15364340. 
  9. ^ Bhalla V, Isakson S, Bhalla MA, Lin JP, Clopton P, Gardetto N, Maisel AS (February 2005). "Diagnostic ability of B-type natriuretic peptide and impedance cardiography: testing to identify left ventricular dysfunction in hypertensive patients". Am. J. Hypertens. 18 (2 Pt 2): 73S–81S. doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.11.044. PMID 15752936. 
  10. ^ Castellanos LR, Bhalla V, Isakson S, Daniels LB, Bhalla MA, Lin JP, Clopton P, Gardetto N, Hoshino M, Chiu A, Fitzgerald R, Maisel AS (February 2009). "B-type natriuretic peptide and impedance cardiography at the time of routine echocardiography predict subsequent heart failure events". J. Card. Fail. 15 (1): 41–7. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.09.003. PMID 19181293. 
  11. ^ Resnik JL, Hong C, Resnik R, Kazanegra R, Beede J, Bhalla V, Maisel A (August 2005). "Evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in normal and preeclamptic women". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 193 (2): 450–4. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.006. PMID 16098869. 
  12. ^ Bhalla V, Bhalla MA, Maisel AS (August 2004). "Evolution of B-type natriuretic peptide in evaluation of intensive care unit shock". Crit. Care Med. 32 (8): 1787–9. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000135748.75590.54. PMID 15286561. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0090-3493&volume=32&issue=8&spage=1787. 
  13. ^ Sheen V, Bhalla V, Tulua-Tata A, Bhalla MA, Weiss D, Chiu A, Abdeen O, Mullaney S, Maisel A (February 2007). "The use of B-type natriuretic peptide to assess volume status in patients with end-stage renal disease". Am. Heart J. 153 (2): 244.e1–5. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.10.041. PMID 17239684. 
  14. ^ Maisel AS, Clopton P, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Duc P, Omland T, Storrow AB, Abraham WT, Wu AH, Steg G, Westheim A, Knudsen CW, Perez A, Kazanegra R, Bhalla V, Herrmann HC, Aumont MC, McCullough PA (June 2004). "Impact of age, race, and sex on the ability of B-type natriuretic peptide to aid in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly (BNP) multinational study". Am. Heart J. 147 (6): 1078–84. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.01.013. PMID 15199359. 
  15. ^ Daniels LB, Bhalla V, Clopton P, Hollander JE, Guss D, McCullough PA, Nowak R, Green G, Saltzberg M, Ellison SR, Bhalla MA, Jesse R, Maisel A (May 2006). "B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and ethnic disparities in perceived severity of heart failure: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study of BNP levels and emergency department decision making in patients presenting with shortness of breath". J. Card. Fail. 12 (4): 281–5. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.01.008. PMID 16679261. 
  16. ^ "N-terminal pro-BNP". http://www.medicine.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/handbook/test2621.html. 
  17. ^ Austin WJ, Bhalla V, Hernandez-Arce I, Isakson SR, Beede J, Clopton P, Maisel AS, Fitzgerald RL (October 2006). "Correlation and prognostic utility of B-type natriuretic peptide and its amino-terminal fragment in patients with chronic kidney disease". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 126 (4): 506–12. doi:10.1309/M7AAXA0J1THMNCDF. PMID 16938661. 
  18. ^ Daniels, LB; Clopton, P; Bhalla, V; Krishnaswamy, P; Nowak, RM; McCord, J; Hollander, JE; Duc, P et al. (May 2006). "Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". Am. Heart J. 151 (5): 999–1005. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.011. PMID 16644321. 
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Saint Francis Hospital Laboratory > BNP reference range change Jay Hupp & Dr. Michel S. Medawar. Effective November, 2002
  20. ^ Lam, LL; Cameron, PA; Schneider, HG; Abramson, MJ; Müller, C; Krum, H (2010). "Meta-analysis: effect of B-type natriuretic peptide testing on clinical outcomes in patients with acute dyspnea in the emergency setting.". Annals of internal medicine 153 (11): 728–35. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-153-11-201012070-00006. PMID 21135296. 
  21. ^ Bibbins-Domingo K, Gupta R, Na B, Wu AH, Schiller NB, Whooley MA (January 2007). "N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiovascular events, and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease". JAMA 297 (2): 169–76. doi:10.1001/jama.297.2.169. PMC 2848442. PMID 17213400. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2848442. 
  22. ^ Fitzgerald RL, Cremo R, Gardetto N, Chiu A, Clopton P, Bhalla V, Maisel AS (September 2005). "Effect of nesiritide in combination with standard therapy on serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides in patients admitted for decompensated congestive heart failure". Am. Heart J. 150 (3): 471–7. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.11.021. PMID 16169326. 
  23. ^ Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, et al. (2004). "Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic peptide levels". Circulation. 109 (5): 594–600. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000112582.16683.EA. PMID 14769680. 
  24. ^ Diagnostic Pearls in Cardiorespiratory Disease. CVMA Yosemite Conference 2010. Bruce Keene, DVM, MSc, DACVIM (Cardiology)

Further reading

  • Cosson S (2004). "Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a screen for left ventricular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Metab. 30 (4): 381–6. doi:10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70132-5. PMID 15525883. 
  • Cauliez B, Berthe MC, Lavoinne A (2005). "[Brain natriuretic peptide: physiological, biological and clinical aspects]". Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris) 63 (1): 15–25. PMID 15689309. 
  • Buchner S, Riegger G, Luchner A (2005). "[Clinical utility of the cardiac markers BNP and NT-proBNP]". Acta Med. Austriaca 31 (4): 144–51. PMID 15732251. 
  • LaPointe MC (2005). "Molecular regulation of the brain natriuretic peptide gene". Peptides 26 (6): 944–56. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.08.028. PMID 15911064. 
  • Hoffmann U, Borggrefe M, Brueckmann M (2006). "New horizons: NT-proBNP for risk stratification of patients with shock in the intensive care unit". Critical care (London, England) 10 (2): 134. doi:10.1186/cc4883. PMC 1550883. PMID 16594987. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1550883. 
  • Suga S, Nakao K, Hosoda K, et al. (1992). "Receptor selectivity of natriuretic peptide family, atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide". Endocrinology 130 (1): 229–39. doi:10.1210/en.130.1.229. PMID 1309330. 
  • Kambayashi Y, Nakao K, Mukoyama M, et al. (1990). "Isolation and sequence determination of human brain natriuretic peptide in human atrium". FEBS Lett. 259 (2): 341–5. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80043-I. PMID 2136732. 
  • Hino J, Tateyama H, Minamino N, et al. (1990). "Isolation and identification of human brain natriuretic peptides in cardiac atrium". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 167 (2): 693–700. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)92081-A. PMID 2138890. 
  • Sudoh T, Maekawa K, Kojima M, et al. (1989). "Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding a precursor for human brain natriuretic peptide". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159 (3): 1427–34. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92269-9. PMID 2522777. 
  • Seilhamer JJ, Arfsten A, Miller JA, et al. (1990). "Human and canine gene homologs of porcine brain natriuretic peptide". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (2): 650–8. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(89)80015-4. PMID 2597152. 
  • Arden KC, Viars CS, Weiss S, et al. (1995). "Localization of the human B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NPPB) gene to chromosome 1p36". Genomics 26 (2): 385–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80225-B. PMID 7601467. 
  • Weir ML, Pang SC, Flynn TG (1993). "Characterization of binding sites in rat for A, B and C-type natriuretic peptides". Regul. Pept. 47 (3): 291–305. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(93)90396-P. PMID 7901875. 
  • Totsune K, Takahashi K, Satoh F, et al. (1996). "Urinary immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in patients with renal disease". Regul. Pept. 63 (2–3): 141–7. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(96)00035-3. PMID 8837222. 
  • Totsune K, Takahashi K, Murakami O, et al. (1996). "Immunoreactive brain natriuretic peptide in human adrenal glands and adrenal tumors". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 135 (3): 352–6. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1350352. PMID 8890728. 
  • Matsuo K, Nishikimi T, Yutani C, et al. (1999). "Diagnostic value of plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia". Circulation 98 (22): 2433–40. PMID 9832489. 
  • Wiese S, Breyer T, Dragu A, et al. (2001). "Gene expression of brain natriuretic peptide in isolated atrial and ventricular human myocardium: influence of angiotensin II and diastolic fiber length". Circulation 102 (25): 3074–9. PMID 11120697. 
  • Shimizu H, Masuta K, Aono K, et al. (2002). "Molecular forms of human brain natriuretic peptide in plasma". Clin. Chim. Acta 316 (1–2): 129–35. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00745-8. PMID 11750283. 
  • Ogawa K, Oida A, Sugimura H, et al. (2002). "Clinical significance of blood brain natriuretic peptide level measurement in the detection of heart disease in untreated outpatients: comparison of electrocardiography, chest radiography and echocardiography". Circ. J. 66 (2): 122–6. doi:10.1253/circj.66.122. PMID 11999635. 
  • Asakawa H, Fukui T, Tokunaga K, Kawakami F (2002). "Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in normotensive Type 2 diabetic patients without cardiac disease and macroalbuminuria". J. Diabetes Complicat. 16 (3): 209–13. doi:10.1016/S1056-8727(01)00173-8. PMID 12015190. 
  • Bordenave L, Georges A, Bareille R, et al. (2003). "Human bone marrow endothelial cells: a new identified source of B-type natriuretic peptide". Peptides 23 (5): 935–40. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00004-9. PMID 12084525. 

External links

v · Protein: nerve tissue protein
Synuclein
Other

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Brain natriuretic peptide — Peptide cérébral natriurétique Pour les articles homonymes, voir BNP. Le BNP ou brain natriuretic peptide ou peptide cérébral natriurétique ou encore peptide natriurétique de type B fait partie des peptides natriurétiques, c est à dire,… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Brain Natriuretic Peptide — Natriuretisches Peptid Typ B BNP mit ANP Rezeptor nach PDB  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Brain natriuretic peptide — Natriuretisches Peptid Typ B BNP mit ANP Rezeptor nach PDB  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • brain natriuretic peptide — Brain peptide that induces diuresis; related to atrial natriuretic peptide. See also natriuretic peptides …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • brain natriuretic peptide — B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) a hormone, originally isolated from porcine brain tissue, having biologic effects similar to those of atrial natriuretic peptide; it is stored mainly in the myocardium of the cardiac ventricles. Blood levels of… …   Medical dictionary

  • brain natriuretic peptide — BNP; see natriuretic peptide …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide — The N terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT proBNP) is a 76 amino acid N terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide. Both BNP and NT proBNP levels in the blood are used for screening, diagnosis of acute congestive heart failure …   Wikipedia

  • Natriuretic peptide precursor C — Natriuretic peptide C Identifiers Symbols NPPC; CNP External IDs OMIM:  …   Wikipedia

  • Natriuretic peptide — refers to a peptide which induces natriuresis (the discharge of sodium through urine). Types include: Atrial natriuretic peptide: atria Brain natriuretic peptide: ventricles in humans, brains in pigs C type natriuretic peptide Dendroaspis… …   Wikipedia

  • natriuretic peptide — any of several peptides that stimulate diuresis (increased urine production) and vasodilatation (widening of blood vessels). They act on the kidney tubules to promote excretion of sodium (natriuresis) and water. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)… …   The new mediacal dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”