Insulin-like growth factor 2

Insulin-like growth factor 2

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin.

Gene structure

In humans, the IGF2 gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region which contains numerous imprinted genes. In mice this homologous region is found at distal chromosome 7. In both organisms, "Igf2" is imprinted, with expression resulting favourably from the paternally inherited allele.

The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 (DMR1) and Matrix Attachment Region -3 (MAR3). These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the Igf2 region. The mechanism in which CTCF binds to these regions is currently unknown, but could include either a direct DNA-CTCF interaction or it could possibly be mediated by other proteins

Protein structure

IGF-2 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor. IGF2 may also bind to the IGF-2 receptor (also called the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor), which acts as a signalling antagonist; that is, to prevent IGF2 responses.

Function

The major role of IGF2 is as a growth promoting hormone during gestation.

Diseases

It is sometimes produced in non-islet cell tumours, causing hypoglycemia (Doege-Potter syndrome).

ee also

* Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor

External links

*

References

Further reading

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citations =
*cite journal | author=O'Dell SD, Day IN |title=Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=30 |issue= 7 |pages= 767–71 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9722981 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Butler AA, Yakar S, Gewolb IH, "et al." |title=Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signal transduction: at the interface between physiology and cell biology. |journal=Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=121 |issue= 1 |pages= 19–26 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9972281 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kalli KR, Conover CA |title=The insulin-like growth factor/insulin system in epithelial ovarian cancer. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=8 |issue= |pages= d714–22 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12700030 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wood AW, Duan C, Bern HA |title=Insulin-like growth factor signaling in fish. |journal=Int. Rev. Cytol. |volume=243 |issue= |pages= 215–85 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15797461 |doi= 10.1016/S0074-7696(05)43004-1
*cite journal | author=Fowden AL, Sibley C, Reik W, Constancia M |title=Imprinted genes, placental development and fetal growth. |journal=Horm. Res. |volume=65 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages= 50–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16612114 |doi= 10.1159/000091506

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