Synaptophysin

Synaptophysin, also known as SYP, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SYP synaptophysin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6855| accessdate = ]

The protein encoded by this gene is a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein with four transmembrane domains weighing 38kDa. It is present in neuroendocrine cells and in virtually all neurons in the brain and spinal cord that participate in synaptic transmission. It acts as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors.

The gene for this protein is located on the X chromosome (Xp11.23-p11.22). The exact function of the protein is unknown: it interacts with the essential synaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin, but when the synaptophysin gene is experimentally inactivated in animals, they still develop and function normally [cite journal |author=H T McMahon, V Y Bolshakov, R Janz, "et al." |title= [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=39352&blobtype=pdf Synaptophysin, a major synaptic vesicle protein, is not essential for neurotransmitter release] |jounrnal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=4760-4764 |year=1996 |pmid=8643476] .

References

Further reading

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citations =
*cite journal | author=Kalina M, Lukinius A, Grimelius L, "et al." |title=Ultrastructural localization of synaptophysin to the secretory granules of normal glucagon and insulin cells in human islets of Langerhans |journal=Ultrastructural pathology |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 215–9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1908157 |doi= 10.3109/01913129109021883
*cite journal | author=Ozçelik T, Lafreniere RG, Archer BT, "et al." |title=Synaptophysin: structure of the human gene and assignment to the X chromosome in man and mouse |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=47 |issue= 3 |pages= 551–61 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1975480 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Goto S, Hirano A, Pearson J |title=Calcineurin and synaptophysin in the human spinal cord of normal individuals and patients with familial dysautonomia |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=79 |issue= 6 |pages= 647–52 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2163183 |doi= 10.1007/BF00294243
*cite journal | author=Südhof TC, Lottspeich F, Greengard P, "et al." |title=The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for rat and human synaptophysin |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=15 |issue= 22 |pages= 9607 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3120152 |doi=
*cite journal | author=de Koning JP, Schelen AM, Dong F, "et al." |title=Specific involvement of tyrosine 764 of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in signal transduction mediated by p145/Shc/GRB2 or p90/GRB2 complexes |journal=Blood |volume=87 |issue= 1 |pages= 132–40 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8547634 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhang PJ, Rosenblum MK |title=Synaptophysin expression in the human spinal cord. Diagnostic implications of an immunohistochemical study |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=20 |issue= 3 |pages= 273–6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8772779 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bouwens L, Lu WG, De Krijger R |title=Proliferation and differentiation in the human fetal endocrine pancreas |journal=Diabetologia |volume=40 |issue= 4 |pages= 398–404 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9112016 |doi= 10.1007/s001250050693
*cite journal | author=Fisher SE, Ciccodicola A, Tanaka K, "et al." |title=Sequence-based exon prediction around the synaptophysin locus reveals a gene-rich area containing novel genes in human proximal Xp |journal=Genomics |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 340–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9344658 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4941
*cite journal | author=Maggiano N, Lauriola L, Serra FG, "et al." |title=Detection of synaptophysin-producing cells in human thymus by immunohistochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=47 |issue= 2 |pages= 237–43 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9889259 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Johansson H, Grimelius L |title=Co-localization of synaptophysin with different neuroendocrine hormones in the human gastrointestinal tract |journal=Histochem. Cell Biol. |volume=111 |issue= 1 |pages= 49–54 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9930883 |doi= 10.1007/s004180050332
*cite journal | author=Davidsson P, Gottfries J, Bogdanovic N, "et al." |title=The synaptic-vesicle-specific proteins rab3a and synaptophysin are reduced in thalamus and related cortical brain regions in schizophrenic brains |journal=Schizophrenia Research |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 23–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10541003 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cassiman D, van Pelt J, De Vos R, "et al." |title=Synaptophysin: A novel marker for human and rat hepatic stellate cells |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=155 |issue= 6 |pages= 1831–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10595912 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Thiele C, Hannah MJ, Fahrenholz F, Huttner WB |title=Cholesterol binds to synaptophysin and is required for biogenesis of synaptic vesicles |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 42–9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10620806 |doi= 10.1038/71366
*cite journal | author=Nag TC, Wadhwa S |title=Differential expression of syntaxin-1 and synaptophysin in the developing and adult human retina |journal=J. Biosci. |volume=26 |issue= 2 |pages= 179–91 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11426054 |doi= 10.1007/BF02703642
*cite journal | author=Bhangu PS, Genever PG, Spencer GJ, "et al." |title=Evidence for targeted vesicular glutamate exocytosis in osteoblasts |journal=Bone |volume=29 |issue= 1 |pages= 16–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11472886 |doi= 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00482-3
*cite journal | author=Roudenok V, Kühnel W |title=The development of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the human sympathetic ganglia |journal=Ann. Anat. |volume=183 |issue= 4 |pages= 345–51 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11508360 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wheeler TC, Chin LS, Li Y, "et al." |title=Regulation of synaptophysin degradation by mammalian homologues of seven in absentia |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 12 |pages= 10273–82 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11786535 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M107857200
*cite journal | author=Ulfig N, Chan WY |title=Expression of a kinase anchoring protein 79 and synaptophysin in the developing human red nucleus |journal=Neurosignals |volume=11 |issue= 2 |pages= 95–102 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12077483 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yao I, Iida J, Nishimura W, Hata Y |title=Synaptic and nuclear localization of brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=22 |issue= 13 |pages= 5354–64 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12097487 |doi= 20026505 |doi_brokendate=2008-06-22
*cite journal | author=Wistow G, Bernstein SL, Wyatt MK, "et al." |title=Expressed sequence tag analysis of human retina for the NEIBank Project: retbindin, an abundant, novel retinal cDNA and alternative splicing of other retina-preferred gene transcripts |journal=Mol. Vis. |volume=8 |issue= |pages= 196–204 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12107411 |doi=

External links

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