Frederick, Maryland

City of Frederick
—  City  —
Council Street and City Hall in downtown Frederick
Seal
Location in Maryland
Coordinates: 39°25′35″N 77°25′13″W / 39.42639°N 77.42028°W / 39.42639; -77.42028
Country	United States
State	Maryland
County	Frederick
Founded	1745
Government
– Mayor	Randy McClement (R)
– Chief of Police	Kim C. Dine
Area
– Total	22.2 sq mi (57.5 km2)
– Land	22.0 sq mi (57.0 km2)
– Water	0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)
Elevation	302 ft (92 m)
Population (2010)
– Total	65,239
– Density	2,938.6/sq mi (1,134.6/km2)
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
– Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s)	301, 240
FIPS code	24-30325
GNIS feature ID	0584497
Website	www.cityoffrederick.com

Frederick is a city in north-central Maryland. It is the county seat of Frederick County, the largest county by area in the state of Maryland. Frederick is an outlying community of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area. The city's population was 65,239 people at the 2010 census, making it the second largest incorporated area in Maryland behind Baltimore. ^[1]

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (FDK), which primarily accommodates general aviation traffic, and to the U.S. Army's Fort Detrick, the largest employer in the county. Frederick is also home to BP Solar, which was the second-largest private employer in the county until March 2010, when BP Solar laid off hundreds of employees due to setbacks.^[2]

History

Colonial era

“Frederick Town” was laid out by Daniel Dulany — a land speculator — in 1745;^[3] it was settled by a German immigrant party led by a young German Reformed schoolmaster from the Rhineland Palatinate named Johann Thomas Schley (d. 1790), who came to the Maryland colony with his wife, Maria Winz. Schley built the first house of the new town; as late as the 20th century, it stood at the northwest corner of Middle Alley and East Patrick Street. The settlement was founded upon a tract of land granted by Dulany on the banks of Carroll Creek. Within three years, the settlement had become the county seat of Frederick County. It is uncertain which Frederick the town was named for, but the likeliest candidates are Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (one of the proprietors of Maryland^[4]), Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales,^[5] and Frederick "The Great" of Prussia. Most sources favor Calvert^{[citation needed]}.

The settlers founded a German Reformed Church (today the church is known as Evangelical Reformed Church, UCC), which also served as a public school, in keeping with the German Reformed tradition of sponsoring universal public education. Many Pennsylvania Dutch (ethnic Germans) settled in Frederick as they migrated westward in the late 18th century. Frederick was a stop along the German migration route that led down through the "Great Valley" (Shenandoah Valley, etc.) to the western Piedmont in North Carolina.

The city served as a major crossroads from colonial times. British General Braddock marched west through Frederick on the way to the fateful ambush near Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War. To control this crossroads during the American Revolution, the British garrisoned a Hessian regiment in the town during the war (the barracks still stand).^[update] Afterward, with no way to return to their homeland, the men of the Hessian regiment stayed on and married into the families of the town, strengthening its German identity.^{[citation needed]}

When President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the building of the National Road from Baltimore to St. Louis, the "National Pike" ran through Frederick along Patrick Street. (This later became Route 40.)

Early 19th century

From these beginnings, Frederick grew to an important market town, but by the first third of the 19th century, the town had also become one of the leading mining counties of the United States, producing gold, copper, limestone, marble, iron and other minerals. As early as the American Revolution, Catoctin Furnace near Thurmont had been a significant site for iron production.^[6] In 1831 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) completed its Frederick Branch line from Baltimore to Frederick.^[7]

When the first wave of Irish refugees from the potato famine settled in the city in 1846, one of the leading members of the Schley family married into the Wilson family from Ireland. Consequently, many of the Schleys converted to Catholicism, and residents of Frederick began to speak English for the first time in the town's history — up until then, the language had been German.^{[citation needed]} Frederick was known during the nineteenth century for its religious pluralism, with one of its main thoroughfares, Church Street, hosting half a dozen major churches. The main Catholic church, St. John's, was built in 1800, then rebuilt in 1837 (across the street) one block north of Church Street on East Second Street, where it still stands.^[8] Together, these churches dominated the town, set against the backdrop of the first ridge of the Appalachians, Catoctin Mountain. The abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized this view of Frederick in his poem to Barbara Fritchie: "The clustered spires of Frederick stand — greenwalled in the hills of Maryland."^[9]

Civil War

Frederick's status as a major crossroads put the town at the center of the Maryland campaigns of the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate troops marched through the city. General Stonewall Jackson led his light infantry division through Frederick on his way to the battles of Crampton's, Fox's and Turner's Gaps and Antietam in September 1862. An incident with Pennsylvania Dutch resident Barbara Fritchie was commemorated in the poem of the same name by John Greenleaf Whittier. Union Major General Jesse L. Reno's IX Corps followed Jackson's men through the city a few days later on the way to the Battle of South Mountain, where Reno was killed. Slaves escaped from Frederick and the area to join the Union forces, work against the Confederacy and seek freedom.

Sites of historical interest

1896 print illustrating the legend of Barbara Fritchie.

Several historic Civil War landmarks are located in and around Frederick. It was the site of a Civil War speech given by President Abraham Lincoln, which he gave at what was then a train depot at the current intersection of South and Market Streets. A plaque commemorates the speech.

At the Prospect Hall mansion on what is now Butterfly Lane, in the early morning hours of June 28, 1863, a messenger from President Abraham Lincoln arrived to inform General George Meade that he would be replacing General Joseph Hooker after the latter's disaster at Chancellorsville in May. The Army of the Potomac, which camped at Prospect Hall for weeks prior to Gettysburg, went on to fight several major battles. The National Museum of Civil War Medicine is located downtown.

Due west along Alternate US 40, and west of Burkittsville, lie the sites of three episodes in the Battle of South Mountain: the battles of Crampton's (September 14, 1862), Fox's, and Turner's gaps, where Confederate troops under Jackson and Walker unsuccessfully attempted to halt the Federal army's advance into the Cumberland Valley. The war correspondents' memorial can be found at Gathland State Park at Crampton's Gap, just west of Burkittsville. The memorial to the slain Union General Jesse Reno lies on the south side of Alternate US 40, west of Middletown, just below the summit of Fox's Gap.

The Monocacy Battlefield lies just outside the city limits, while Antietam and Gettysburg lie approximately 35 miles (56 km) to the west and north, respectively.

The home of Barbara Fritchie, who according to legend waved the Stars and Stripes in defiance of Confederate commander Stonewall Jackson and his troops as they marched through downtown Frederick in 1862, stands as another historical site. Though the legend has been generally discredited, it was widely believed during the Civil War and was the subject of an 1864 poem by John Greenleaf Whittier, a poem that remained popular for decades. Barbara Fritchie, a significant figure in Maryland history in her own right, is buried in Frederick's Mt. Olivet cemetery.

Late 19th century

Major Henry Schley's son, Dr. Fairfax Schley, was instrumental in setting up the Frederick County Agricultural Society and the Great Frederick Fair.^[10] Gilmer Schley served as Mayor from 1919–1922, and the Schleys remained one of the town's leading families into the late twentieth century. Nathaniel Wilson Schley, a prominent banker, and his wife Mary Margaret Schley helped organize and raise funds for the annual Great Frederick Fair, one of the two largest agricultural fairs in the State. Since the 1960s, the fair has featured many outstanding country-western singers and become a major music festival.^[11] Schley Avenue commemorates the family's role in the city's heritage.

In 1872 the Pennsylvania Railroad completed its Frederick Secondary branch line, which ran from Frederick to York, Pennsylvania and Columbia, Pennsylvania.^[12]

Jewish pioneers Henry Lazarus and Levy Cohan settled in Frederick in the 1740s as merchants. Mostly German Jewish immigrants organized a community in the mid-19th century, creating the Frederick Hebrew Congregation in 1858. Later the congregation lapsed, but was reorganized in 1917 as a cooperative effort between the older settlers and more recently arrived Eastern European Jews under the name Beth Sholom Congregation.

In 1905, Rev. E.B. Hatcher started the First Baptist Church of Frederick.

After the Civil War, the Maryland legislature established racially segregated public facilities by the end of the 19th century, re-imposing white supremacy. Black institutions were typically underfunded in the state, and it was not until 1921 that Frederick established a public high school for African Americans. First located at 170 West All Saints Street, it moved to 250 Madison Street, where it eventually was adapted as South Frederick Elementary. The building presently houses the Lincoln Elementary School.

Notable houses

Possibly the oldest house in the city of Frederick is Schifferstadt, built in 1756 by German settler Joseph Brunner. It is now the Schifferstadt Architectural Museum.

In 1814, Dr. John Tyler built what is called the Tyler Spite House at 112 W. Church Street in Frederick to prevent the city from extending Record Street south through Tyler's land to meet West Patrick Street (now also Maryland Route 144).^[13].^[14]

Geography

Carroll Creek running through Baker Park

Frederick is located in Frederick County in the north and western part of the state of Maryland. The city has served as a major crossroads since colonial times. Today it is located at the junction of Interstate 70, Interstate 270, U.S. Route 340, U.S. Route 40, U.S. Route 40 Alternate and U.S. Route 15 (which runs north-south). In relation to nearby cities, Frederick lies 48 miles (77 km) north and slightly west of Washington, D.C., 49 miles (79 km) west of Baltimore, 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Hagerstown, Maryland, and 71 miles (114 km) southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The city's coordinates 39°25'35" North, 77°25'13" West (39.426294, -77.420403).^[15]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.2 square miles (57 km²). The city's area is predominantly land, with the only water being the Monocacy River, which runs to the east of the city, Carroll Creek (which runs through the city and causes periodic floods, such as that during the summer of 1972 and fall of 1976), and Culler Lake, a man-made small body in the downtown area.^{[citation needed]}

Demographics

As of the 2010 U.S. census^[16], there were 65,239 people residing in Frederick city and roughly 27,000 households. The city's population grew by 23.6% in the ten years since the 2000 census, making it the fastest growing incorporated area in the state of Maryland with a population of over 50,000 for 2010.^{[citation needed]}

2010 census data put the racial makeup of the city at 61% White, 18.6% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.8% Asian American, and 14.4% Hispanic or Latino of any race. Roughly 4% of the city’s population was of two or more races.

In regard to minority group growth, the 2010 census data show the city's Hispanic population at 9,402, a 271 percent increase compared with 2,533 in 2000, making Hispanics/Latinos the fastest growing race group in the city and in Frederick county (267 percent increase). Frederick city had 3,800 Asian residents in 2010, a 128 percent increase from the city's 1,664 Asian residents in 2000. The city's black or African-American population increased 56 percent, from 7,777 in 2000 to 12,144 in 2010.^[17]

For the roughly 27,000 households in the city, 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41% were non-families. Approximately 31% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.11.

As of 2009, 27.5% of the city’s population was under the age of 19, 24.5% were between 20 and 34, 28.1% were between 35 and 54, 9.0% were between 55 and 64, and 10.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age of a Frederick city resident for 2009 was 34 years. For adults aged 18 or older, the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.^[18]

According to U.S. census data for 2009, the median annual income for a household in Frederick city was $64,833, and the median annual income for a family was $77,642. Males had a median annual income of $49,129 versus $41,986 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,123. Approximately 7.7% of the total population, 5.3% of families, and 5.2% of adults aged 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The unemployment rate in the city for adults over the age of 18 was 5.1%.

In regard to educational attainment for individuals aged 25 or older as of 2009, 34% of the city's residents had a bachelor's or advanced professional degree, 29.6% had some college or an associate's degree, 21.6% had a high school diploma or equivalency, 6.8% had between a 9th and 12th grade level of education, and 3.6% had an 8th grade or lower level of education.

The median value of a home in Frederick city as of 2009 was $303,900, with the bulk of owner-occupied homes valued at between $300,000 and $500,000. The median cost of a rental unit was $1,054 per month, with the bulk of rental units priced between $1,000 and $1,500 per month. The value of the housing stock in Frederick is above the national average and significantly higher than small nearby cities such as Hagerstown, MD and Harrisburg, PA.^{[19][dubious – discuss]} This discrepancy likely reflects Frederick’s location as a desirable and growing commuter suburb of Washington, DC (and related areas in Montgomery County MD such as Bethesda), one of the most expensive housing and rental markets in the nation.^{[20][dubious – discuss]}

2009 census data indicated that roughly 89% of the workforce commuted to work by automobile, with an average commute time of approximately 30 minutes.^[21] This suggests that a substantial portion of those residing in Frederick city are, in fact, commuting out of the county for work.^{[citation needed]}

Government

City executive

The current Mayor of Frederick is Randy McClement. Previous mayors include:

Lawrence Brengle (1817) Hy Kuhn (1818–1820) George Baer, Jr. (1820–1823) John L. Harding (1823–1826) George Kolb (1826–1829) Thomas Carlton (1829–1835) Daniel Kolb (1835–1838) Michael Baltzell (1838–1841) George Hoskins (1841–1847) M. E. Bartgis (1847–1849) James Bartgis (1849–1856) Lewis Brunner (1856–1859) W. G. Cole (1859–1865) J. Engelbrecht (1865–1868) Valerius Ebert (1868–1871)

Thomas M. Holbruner (1871–1874) Lewis M. Moberly (1874–1883) Hiram Bartgis (1883–1889) Lewis H. Doll (1889–1890) Lewis Brunner (1890–1892) John E. Fleming (1892–1895) Aquilla R. Yeakle (1895–1898) William F. Chilton (1898–1901) George Edward Smith (1901–1910) John Edward Schell (1910–1913) Lewis H. Fraley (1913–1919) Gilmer Schley (1919–1922) Lloyd C. Culler (1922–1931) Elmer F. Munshower (1931–1934) Lloyd C. Culler (1934–1943)

Hugh V. Gittinger (1943–1946) Lloyd C. Culler (1946–1950) Elmer F. Munshower (1950–1951) Donald B. Rice (1951–1954) John A. Derr (1954–1958) Jacob R. Ramsburg (1958–1962) E. Paul Magaha (1962–1966) John A. Derr (1966–1970) E. Paul Magaha (1970–1974) Ronald N. Young (1974–1990) Paul P. Gordon (1990–1994) James S. Grimes (1994–2002) Jennifer Dougherty (2002–2006) W. Jeff Holtzinger (2006–2009)

City Hall in Frederick

Representative body

Frederick has a Board of Aldermen of six members (one of whom is the Mayor) which serves as its legislative body. Elections are held every 4 years. The current board was elected November 3, 2009, and consists of Shelley Aloi, Carol Krimm, Michael O'Connor, Kelly Russell, and Karen Young.

Economy

According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[22] the top employers in the city are:

#	Employer	# of Employees
1	Fort Detrick	8,200
2	Frederick County Public Schools	5,685
3	Frederick County Government	3,142
4	Frederick Memorial Healthcare System	2,681
5	Wells Fargo Home Mortgage	1,550
6	Frederick Community College	937
7	Frederick City Government	863
8	UnitedHealth Group	832
9	State Farm Insurance	795
10	BP Solar	460

Frederick is home to Riverside Research Park, a biomedical research park being developed in east Frederick. Current tenants include the relocated offices of the National Cancer Institute(Fort Detrick) as well as Charles River Labs.^[23]

Frederick has also been impacted by recent national trends centered on the gentrification of the downtown areas of cities across the nation (particularly in the northeast and mid-Atlantic), and to re-brand them as sites of cultural consumption.

Frederick's downtown houses more than 200 retailers, restaurants and antique shops along Market, Patrick and East streets.^[24] Restaurants feature a diverse array of cuisines, including Italian American, Thai, Vietnamese, and Ethiopian, as well as a number of regionally recognized dining establishments, such as Volt and The Tasting Room. Outside of the downtown area are garden variety chain dining establishments that comprise a typical suburban landscape (Famous Dave's BBQ; The Olive Garden; Red Lobster; Denny's; etc.) as well as several independently owned restaurants.

In addition to retail and dining, downtown Frederick is home to 600 businesses and organizations totaling nearly 5,000 employees. A growing technology sector can be found in downtown’s historic renovated spaces, as well as in new office buildings located along Carroll Creek Park. Carroll Creek Park began as a flood control project in the late 1970s.^[24] It was an effort to reduce the risk to downtown Frederick from the 100-year floodplain and restore economic vitality to the historic commercial district. Today, more than $150 million in private investing is underway or planned in new construction, infill development or historic renovation in the park area.^[24]

The first phase of the Park improvements, totaling nearly $11 million in construction, run from Court Street to just past Carroll Street.^[24] New elements to the Park include brick pedestrian paths, water features, planters with shade trees and plantings, pedestrian bridges and a 350-seat amphitheater for outdoor performances.

A recreational and cultural resource, Carroll Creek Park also serves as an economic development catalyst, with private investment along the creek functioning as a key component to the park’s success. More than 400,000 sf of office space; 150,000 sf of commercial/retail space; nearly 300 residential units; and more than 2,000 parking spaces are planned or under construction.

Completed projects include:

(1) Creekside Plaza, a 90,000 sf office/commercial/residential building on the northeast corner of Court Street along Carroll Creek. This building is home to The Green Turtle and Wachovia Bank on the first floor, three floors of office space which is home to Warner Construction, R&J Builders, America East Mortgage, United Title Services, LLC. and, Real Estate Teams. The top two floors house 11 residential condominiums.

(2) The new South Market Center, on the north side of the creek between Market Street and Carroll Street. The 3-story, 43,000+ sf building offers 2 floors of office condominiums and ground floor retail and restaurant space offering outside patio seating. Office tenants occupy the upper two floors and Ben & Jerry’s, Five Guys Hamburgers, Hinode Japanese Restaurant are on the ground floor.

On the first Saturday of every month, Frederick hosts an evening event in the downtown area called "First Saturday." Each Saturday has a theme, and activities are planned around those themes in the downtown area (particularly around the Carroll Creek Promenade). The event spans a 10-block area of Frederick and takes place from 5-9 PM. During the late spring, summer, and early fall months, this event draws particularly large crowds from neighboring cities and towns in Maryland, and nearby locations in the tri-state area (Virginia and Pennsylvania). The average number of attendees visiting downtown Frederick during first Saturday events is around 11,000, with higher numbers from May to October.^[25]

Culture

Cityscape

A panorama of downtown Frederick along North Court Street.

The Community Bridge mural.

Frederick is well-known for the "clustered spires" skyline of its historic downtown churches. These spires are depicted on the city's seal and many other city-affiliated logos and insignia.

The housing stock of downtown Frederick is mostly composed of 19th and 20th-century row housing and duplexes.^{[citation needed]} The scale of this older part of the city is dense, with streets and sidewalks suitable for pedestrians, and a variety of shops and restaurants, comprising what Forbes magazine in 2010 called one of the United State's "Greatest Neighborhoods".^{[citation needed]} Adjacent to downtown are many older communities composed of larger, detached housing built mostly in the early 20th century.^{[citation needed]} Beyond that is housing from the mid-20th century and beyond, becoming suburban in character the further one travels out. The most extensive growth is to the south of the downtown area, including the business corridor along Maryland highway 85 (Balleger Creek pike) outside the city.

Frederick has a bridge painted with a mural titled Community Bridge. The artist William Cochran has been acclaimed for the trompe l'oeil realism of the mural. Thousands of people sent ideas representing "community", which he painted on the stonework of the bridge. The residents of Frederick call it "the mural", "painted bridge", or more commonly, the "mural bridge".^{[citation needed]}

Arts

The Frederick Arts Council is the designated arts organization for Frederick County. The organization is charged with promoting, supporting, and advocating the arts, a thriving community in the city. There are over ten art galleries in downtown Frederick, and three theaters are located within 50 feet of each other (Cultural Arts Center, Weinberg Center for the Arts, and the Maryland Ensemble Theatre). Frederick is the home of The Delaplaine Visual Arts Education Center, a leading non-profit in the region,^[26] as well as the Maryland Shakespeare Festival.

In August 2007, the streets of Frederick were adorned with 30 life-size fiberglass keys as part of a major public art project entitled "The Keys to Frederick". In October 2007, artist William Cochran created a large-scale glass project titled The Dreaming. The project is on the east face of the Francis Scott Key Apartments in downtown Frederick.^{[citation needed]}

The movie Blair Witch Project (1999) was set in the woods west of Burkittsville, Maryland, in western Frederick County, but it was not filmed there.

Theater

The Maryland Ensemble Theatre (MET), a professional theater company, is housed on the lower level of the Francis Scott Key Hotel. The MET first produced mainstage theater in 1997, but the group began performing together with its creation of The Comedy Pigs sketch comedy/improv troupe in April 1993.^[27]

Music

Frederick has a community orchestra, the Frederick Symphony Orchestra, that performs five concerts per year consisting of classical masterpieces. Other musical organizations in Frederick include the Frederick Chorale, the Choral Arts Society of Frederick, the Frederick Regional Youth Orchestra, and the Frederick Symphonic Band. The Frederick Children's Chorus has performed since 1985. It is a five-tier chorus, with approximately 150 members ranging in age from 5 to 18.

A weekly recital is played on the Joseph Dill Baker Carillon each Sunday at noon for half an hour. The carillon can be heard from anywhere in Baker Park, and the City Carillonneur can be seen playing in the tower, which is open each week at that time.

Frederick is home to the Frederick School of Classical Ballet, the official school for Maryland Regional Ballet. Approximately 30 dance studios are located around the city. Each year, these studios perform at the annual DanceFest event.

For a city its size,^{[citation needed]} Frederick also has a surprisingly visible and growing independent and alternative rock scene,^{[citation needed]} with live music regularly featured in many of the city's bars and pubs. Locations such as Cafe Nola (on East Patrick), Guido's Pub (on 6th and Market), and Cafe 611 (600 block of Market St.) are some of the venues where alternative-minded youth and young adults congregate.^{[citation needed]}

Frederick also has a large amphitheatre in Baker Park, which features regular music performances of local and national acts, particularly in the summer months.

Cultural organizations

Frederick organizations include the Peace Resource Center of Frederick County, a chapter of Women in Black, and the Frederick Progressive Action Coalition or FredPac.

The UNESCO Center for Peace has been working since 2004 in the city and around the state to promote the ideals of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The O Center for Peace is partner to County's Public Schools, Hood College, Frederick Community College, Maryland School for The Deaf (MSD), Frederick County Public Libraries, on a variety of community projects that include various after-school programs, Ambassador Speaker Series, Regional Model United Nations, International Model United Nations, celebrations of major United Nations International Days, the Frederick Stamp Festival, and exchange programs for high school and college-level students and schools.

Religion

There are numerous religious denominations in Frederick: the first churches were established by early Protestant settlers, followed by Irish Catholics and other European Catholics. In Frederick City proper, Lutheran, Evangelical (German) Reformed, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic (East Second Street), Methodist (West Second Street), Episcopal and Congregationalist (UCC) churches predominate.^{[citation needed]} Mt. Olivet Cemetery is the largest^{[citation needed]} cemetery in the City and is Roman Catholic. Maryland was originally founded as a Catholic colony by Cecil Calvert, a Roman Catholic supporter of England's King Charles I. Frederick County also retains ties to the Pennsylvania Dutch and some Old Order Amish cultivate land as small-scale truck farmers.^{[citation needed]} Other denominations represented in Frederick City and in the surrounding county include large numbers of Brethren, as well as some Pentecostal churches.^{[citation needed]} Quinn Chapel, of the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, is located on East Third Street. The AME Church, founded in Philadelphia in the early 19th century by free blacks, is the first black independent denomination in the United States.^[28] The Church of Jesus Christ of Later-Day Saints (Mormon) has had a presence in Frederick since the 1970s when the first congregation was organized and now includes four congrations in two buildings within the City.^[29]

Beth Sholom Congregation, an unaffiliated synagogue, has been in Frederick since 1917. Congregation Kol Ami, a Reform synagogue, was founded in 2003.

The Islamic Society of Frederick,founded in the early 1990s, serves Frederick's Muslim community.^{[citation needed]}

Media

Television

Frederick is licensed one Maryland Public Television station affiliate: WFPT 62 (PBS/MPT).

Radio

The city is home to WFMD (930AM - News/Talk/Sports), WFRE (99.9FM - Country Music), and WAFY (103.1FM - Adult Contemporary) radio stations. The following box details all of the radio stations in the local market.

Print

Frederick's newspaper of record is The Frederick News-Post.

Sports

• Frederick Keys, a "high-A" minor league baseball affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles. The Keys are named after Francis Scott Key, who was a resident of Frederick, and play in Harry Grove Stadium.
• "Frederick Flying Dogs", an adult amateur baseball team in the Mid-Maryland Semi-Pro Baseball League. The Flying Dogs are named after their primary sponsor, the Flying Dog Brewery, a local craft brewer.
• "Frederick Rugby", a group of local rugby teams in the Mid-Atlantic Rugby Football Union. The group consists of a Men's team which originated in 1990, and was subsequently followed by an Old Boy's Team (Over 35), a Women's team, and an Under-17 Youth Program. The Men's team has had some national success, finishing 2nd in the Division 2 National Play-Offs in 1998, and returning to the Sweet 16 the following 2 years, finishing 5th in 1999 and 6th in 2000. The club's all welcome both experienced and new players to their programs.

Education

C. Burr Artz Public Library

Public schools

Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS) operates area public schools.

High schools serving Frederick City students:

• Frederick High School
• Governor Thomas Johnson High School
• Tuscarora High School
• Oakdale High School

Other high schools in Frederick County:

• Middletown High School
• Catoctin High School
• Brunswick High School
• Linganore High School
• Urbana High School
• Walkersville High School

Other public schools: Adult Education, Career and Technology Center, Heather Ridge School, Outdoor School, Rock Creek School, and The Earth and Space Science Laboratory. Frederick County was long-time home to a highly innovative outdoor school for all sixth graders in Frederick County.^[30] This school was located at Camp Greentop, near the presidential retreat at Camp David and Cunningham Falls State Park.^[30]

Private high schools

• Saint John's Catholic Prep (at Prospect Hall)
• New Life Christian School
• Frederick Christian Academy
• The Banner School

K-12 schools

• Maryland School for the Deaf

Colleges and universities

• Frederick Community College
• Hood College
• Mount St. Mary's University, Frederick County, Maryland^[31]

Transportation

Main article: TransIT services of Frederick, Maryland

From 1896 to 1961, Frederick was served by the Hagerstown & Frederick Railway, an interurban trolley service that was among the last surviving systems of its kind in the United States.

Currently, the city is served by MARC commuter rail service, which operates several trains daily on the old B&O line to Washington, D.C.; Express bus route 991, which operates to the Shady Grove Metrorail Station, and a series of buses operated by TransIT services of Frederick, Maryland. Greyhound Lines, and Megabus (North America) also serve the city.^{[citation needed]}

Frederick has an airport with a mile-long runway and a second 3600' runway. It is the home airport of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association due to its proximity to Washington and ability to handle small twin engine jets.^{[citation needed]}

Notable residents and natives

• Joe Alexander (1986), Named to the 2007 All-Big East squad, also an All-American Honorable Mention.
• Michael Beasley (1989), NCAA National Player of the Year (2007–08), 2nd overall pick of the 2008 NBA Draft by Miami Heat.
• Shadrach Bond (1773–1832), the first Governor of Illinois.
• Lester Bowie (1941–1999), jazz trumpeter and improviser, was born in the historically-black hamlet of Bartonsville, where he is buried.
• Fred Carter (1945--), a basketball player from Mount St. Mary's University. He starred there in the 1960s, played eight years in the NBA, and was the coach of the Philadelphia 76ers for two seasons.^[32]
• Patsy Cline (1932–1963), born Virginia Patterson Hensley, was an American country music singer. She married Gerald Cline of Frederick, and lived in town from 1953-1957.^[33]
• Chuck Foreman (10/26/1950--) NFL running back, native of Frederick.
• Barbara Fritchie, American Unionist patriot during Civil War (1766–1862)
• David Gallaher (June 5, 1975), writer whose second book, Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar is set in 1950s Frederick.^{[citation needed]} Gallaher is also an alumnus of Hood College.
• John Hanson, the first President of Congress under the Articles of Confederation
• Shawn Hatosy, (December 29, 1975), actor
• Sam Hinds, MLB player for the Milwaukee Brewers.
• Bruce Ivins, (1946–2008), a scientist at Fort Detrick who was suspected to be solely responsible for the 2001 Anthrax Attacks.
• Bradley Tyler Johnson, (1829–1903), Soldier, lawyer, and politician.
• Thomas Johnson (1732–1819) was a distinguished American jurist and political figure of the revolutionary and post-revolutionary period. In his later years he lived with his daughter Ann and her husband at Rose Hill Manor, in Frederick. Governor Thomas Johnson High School, located on the property, bears his name.
• Charlie Keller: Charles Ernest (Charlie) Keller (September 12, 1916 - May 23, 1990) "Charlie King Kong Keller". MLB Player with the New York Yankees and Detroit Tigers. Born in Middletown, Maryland; died in Frederick.
• Francis Scott Key (1779–1843), lawyer, author of "The Star-Spangled Banner". He is buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Frederick. His family plot is next to Thomas Johnson and Barbara Fritchie.
• Charles Mathias (1922–2010), a Republican member of the United States Senate, representing Maryland from 1969 to 1987
• Terence Morris, (January 11, 1979) professional NBA basketball player. Attended Gov. Thomas Johnson High School, class of 1997
• John Nelson, U.S. Attorney General, (1843–1845), U.S. Congressman for Maryland's 4th District, (1821–1823), born in Frederick in 1791.
• Florence Roberts, (16 March 1861 - 6 June 1940) was an actress of the stage and in motion pictures. Roles include Mother Widow Peep in Babes in Toyland (1934 film).
• Winfield Scott Schley (9 October 1839 - 2 October 1911), rear admiral of the United States Navy who served from the Civil War to the Spanish-American War, was born in Richfields, near Frederick.
• Roger Brooke Taney, Judge, (1777–1864) Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1836–1864), who rendered the Dred Scott Decision in 1857. He lived and worked in Frederick for several years before his appointment, and is buried there.
• Theophilus Thompson (1855- after 1873), the first notable African-American chess player, he wrote the book of endgame positions, Chess Problems: Either to Play and Mate (1873).
• Bryan Voltaggio, chef at Volt in Frederick, runner-up on Top Chef television program

Notes

1. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Maryland's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting". U.S. Census Bureau. http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn20.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08. 
2. ^ Ed Waters, Jr. (March 27, 2010). "BP Solar lays off 320 workers". The Frederick News-Post. http://www.fredericknewspost.com/sections/news/display.htm?storyID=102978. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 
3. ^ See for example the Overall history of Frederick, pp 2-6.
4. ^ "Fort Frederick State Park History". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-10-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20071005164303/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/ftfrederickhistory.html. Retrieved 2007-10-07. 
5. ^ "Frederick, Maryland". Maryland Municipal League. http://mdmunicipal.org/cities/index.cfm?townname=Frederick&page=home. Retrieved 2007-10-09. 
6. ^ J. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland, Vol. I, Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1882, p. 629.
7. ^ Dilts, James D. (1996). The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, The Nation's First Railroad, 1828-1853. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0804726290. http://books.google.com/books?id=JjrCWPwvHzIC&lpg=PA145&vq=frederick%20branch&pg=PA146#v=snippet&q=frederick%20branch&f=false. 
8. ^ "St. John the Evangelist, Roman Catholic Church – Frederick, Maryland". http://www.stjohn-frederick.org/aboutus.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-16. 
9. ^ Dana, Charles Anderson, ed. (1879). The Household Book of Poetry. D. Appleton. pp. 381–382. http://books.google.com/books?id=SPdIYnMubjwC&pg=PA381&lpg=PA381&dq=%22the+clustered+spires+of+frederick+stand%22. 
10. ^ J. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland, Vol. I, Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1882, pp. 418-19
11. ^ http://www.thegreatfrederickfair.com/1997/events.htm The Great Frederick Fair Official Website
12. ^ Wilson, William B. (1895). History of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Philadelphia: Henry T. Coates. p. 193. http://books.google.com/books?id=qj9N-eWi71YC&lpg=PA193&dq=PRR%20frederick%20md&pg=PA193#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
13. ^ Williams, N. "This Maryland House was built just for spite", Los Angeles Times, 29 April 1990) ]]
14. ^ "A Matter of Spite", Frederick News Post
15. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
16. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
17. ^ "Racial, ethnic groups grow in city, county". Frederick News Post. http://www.fredericknewspost.com/sections/archives/fnp_display.htm?storyID=121511. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
18. ^ "Frederick city, Maryland ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2005-2009 Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Survey: American Community Survey". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US2430325&-qr_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_DP5YR5&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
19. ^ "City Data: Frederick, Maryland". http://www.city-data.com/city/Frederick-Maryland.html. Retrieved 2011-04-06. 
20. ^ "City Data: Washington, DC". http://www.city-data.com/city/Washington-District-of-Columbia.html. Retrieved 2011-04-06. 
21. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2005-2009 Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Survey: American Community Survey". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US2430325&-qr_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_DP5YR3&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
22. ^ City of Rockville CAFR
23. ^ "Riverside Research Park/National Cancer Institute". http://www.riversideresearchpark.com. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
24. ^ ^{a b c d} "Economic Development: Carroll Creek Park". http://www.businessinfrederick.com/economic_development/carroll_creek_park.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
25. ^ "First Saturday Attendee Profile Study". http://www.downtownfrederick.org/downloads/FirstSaturdayAttendeeProfileFinalReport.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
26. ^ http://www.delaplaine.org/Center/
27. ^ "About MET". Maryland Ensemble Theatre. http://marylandensemble.org/about. Retrieved July 26, 2010. 
28. ^ http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=Churches+of+Frederick,+Maryland&fb=1&gl=us&hq=Churches+of&hnear=Frederick,+MD&view=text&ei=JN0JTMCBHI72Mqn1-bUE&sa=X&oi=local_group&ct=more-results&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQtQMwAA
29. ^ http://www.frederick.com/frederick/maryland/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_LDS
30. ^ ^{a b} http://schools.fcps.org/outdoor/index.html
31. ^ http://www.msmary.edu/inside/
32. ^ http://www.msmary.edu/news-events/news-archive/2009/2-20-09bball100.html
33. ^ Nassour, Ellis, Honky Tonk Angel: The Intimate Story Of Patsy Cline. St. Martin's, 1994. Pp. 35, 118.

References

• Early History of the Frederick County Jail
• Thematic Histories of Frederick: Overview history of Frederick

External links

• Official city government website
• Official county website
• SpiresGIS
• Frederick News-Post
• Information site on Community Bridge
• Schifferstadt Architectural Museum
• Frederick, Maryland at the Open Directory Project
• Memorials, monuments, statues & other outdoor art in & around Frederick
• Frederick County Public Schools
•  "Frederick". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. 

Coordinates: 39°25′35″N 77°25′13″W / 39.426294°N 77.420403°W / 39.426294; -77.420403