Catoctin Furnace

Catoctin Furnace

Infobox_nrhp | name =Catoctin Furnace Historic District
nrhp_type = hd


caption =
location= Catoctin Furnace, Maryland
lat_degrees = 39
lat_minutes = 34
lat_seconds = 35
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 77
long_minutes = 26
long_seconds = 2
long_direction = W
locmapin = Maryland
area =
built =1774
architect= Unknown
architecture= No Style Listed
added = February 11, 1972cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2008-04-15|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]
governing_body = State
refnum=72000578

Catoctin Furnace (also known as Catoctin Iron Furnace) was constructed in 1774 by four brothers Thomas, Baker, Roger and James Johnson to produce pig iron from locally mined hematite.cite web
url=http://www.si.edu/oahp/holthous/pz1889on.htm
title=Records Relating to Pre-National Zoological Park Purchases
publisher=Smithsonian Institution
] cite book
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2ud-8Kr70DAC&pg=PA401-IA1&lpg=PA401-IA1&dq=catoctin+furnace&source=web&ots=1u0ZyHIPDr&sig=HP8i8Wv5TSVqedzFKnGsLm_7dLM
title=History of Frederick County, Maryland
author=T. J. C. Williams
publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com
date=1979
] In blast by 1776,the furnace provided ammunition (cannon balls) for the American Revolution.Some sources state that it also provided cannon. [cite book
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GRg7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=catoctin+furnace&source=web&ots=X0dciScnrx&sig=coXu1FD8qyL6bDoRWgfCpubm-Xc
title=State Banking in the United States Since the Passage of the National Bank Act
author=George Ernest Barnett
publisher=Johns Hopkins Press
date=1902
pages=46
] [cite web
url=http://www.emmitsburg.net/history_t/archives/business/catoctin_furnace.htm
title=Catoctin Iron Furnace
publisher=Greater Emmitsburg Area Historical Society
] cite web
url=http://www.emmitsburg.net/history_t/archives/gateway/chapter3.htm
title=Gateway to the Mountains — Chapter 3: The Catoctin Iron Works
author=George Wireman
publisher=Greater Emmitsburg Area Historical Society
] They also state that iron from this furnace was (much later of course) used to make plates for the USS Monitor;however that is considered unlikely by researchers. [cite web
url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/cato/hrs/hrs3.htm
title=Catoctin Mountain Park Historic Resource Study — Chapter Three: Civil War and Decline of Industry
author=Edmund F. Wehrle
publisher=U. S. National Park Service
date=March 2000
accessdate=2007-09-30
] The Johnson brothers owned the furnaces at the site at first collectively,and after 1793 singly, until 1811.cite book
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EQsKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=catoctin+furnace&source=web&ots=j7YkECSMtm&sig=jOzVOtycc5LoCRhLUHt68hVqw3M
title=History of the Manufacture of Iron in All Ages
author=James Moore Swank
date=1884
pages=194
]

Ultimately, three furnaces were built at the site, each named for the site.The first Catoctin Furnace was rebuilt a short distance away in 1787.The second, named "Isabella" was built in the 1850s by Jacob Kunkel (references give dates from 1853 to 1867).It still stands, within Cunningham Falls State Park. [cite web
url=http://www.hallowedground.org/component/option,com_jthg/theme,region/task,view/county,Frederick/Itemid,1/id,10/
title=Catoctin Furnace at Cunningham Falls State Park
publisher=The Journey Through Hallowed Ground
accessdate=2007-09-27
]

The first two furnaces burned charcoal. [cite web
url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/cato/culthist/furnace.htm
title=Catoctin Iron Furnace
publisher=U. S. National Park Service
] The third, which opened in 1873, burned coke [cite book
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lzQKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=catoctin+furnace&source=web&ots=QkL5V3eKzU&sig=Byuy2pBBSVvGUYOiNXjuTrUi1aI
title=Directory of Iron and Steel Works of the United States and Canada
publisher=American Iron and Steel Institute
date=1890
] (some sources say anthracite coal, though this would be more costly [cite book
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fucBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=catoctin+furnace+anthracite&source=web&ots=KKZhx6vZTJ&sig=y17LECNuN6M47QO0LNm71W2JdVw
title=Maryland, Its Resources, Industries and Institutions
author=Maryland Board of World's Fair Managers
publisher=Sun job office
date=1893
] ).The entire complex closed in 1903 (attributed to rising costs and too-late introduction of a rail link). [cite web
url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/cunninghamhistory.html
title=Catoctin Furnace at Cunningham Falls State Park
publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources
date=2002-08-28
] [cite web
url=http://www.ce.jhu.edu/mdcive/catoctin.htm
title=Civil Engineering in Maryland — Catoctin Furnace
publisher=The Johns Hopkins University
]

References

ee also

*Catoctin Mountain
*Cunningham Falls State Park
*Thomas Johnson (governor)

External links

* [http://www.sha.state.md.us/exploremd/oed/scenicByways/Catoctin.pdf WESTERN REGION Catoctin Mountain Byway]
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3766/is_199904/ai_n8841349 Bringing history into classrooms: Reconstructing a colonial supply chain]
* [http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=1545 Catoctin Iron Furnace - No Time For War]
* [http://www.hallowedground.org/component/option,com_jthg/theme,region/task,view/county,Frederick/Itemid,1/id,10/ Catoctin Furnace at Cunningham Falls State Park]


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