Dualist pantheism

Dualist Pantheism holds that there are two major types of substance, physical and mental/spiritual. Dualistic pantheism is very diverse, and may include beliefs in reincarnation, cosmic consciousness, and paranormal connections across Nature. Criticisms of this interpretation are generally related to the Mind-body problem.^[1]

The concept of Dualist Pantheism is closely related to that of Panentheism.

Varieties

The varieties are generally distinguished by their handling of the Mind–body problem.

Spinozism

Spinozism is the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and is a classical example of pantheism. Although Spinoza himself stated that he did not "identify god with nature",^[2] pantheism was coined by John Toland to describe the philosophy of Spinoza.^[3] Since it predates the concept of Pantheism entirely it is more a predecessor to pantheism than a variant. Martial Guéroult suggested the term "Panentheism", rather than "Pantheism" to describe Spinoza’s view of the relation between God and the universe. The universe is not God, but it is, in a strong sense, "in" God. Not only do finite things have God as their cause; they cannot be conceived without God.^[4] In other words, the world is a subset of God. Spinozism is truly dualist in the sense that the mind and body are separate but is panentheistic in that they are unified by god.^[5]

Spiritual Naturalism

Spiritual Naturalism is a term that can be applied to a variety of philosophical/religious worldviews that are naturalistic in their basic viewpoint but have a spiritual/religious perspective also. This falls under the classification of dualist pantheism because of the rejection of monism.^[6]

See also

• List of Pantheists
• Naturalistic pantheism
• Universal Pantheist Society
• World Pantheist Movement

Sources

1. ^ Crane, Tim (Sep 1, 2000). "Dualism, monism, physicalism". Mind & Society (Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer) 1 (2): 73–85. doi:10.1007/BF02512314. ISSN 1593-7879. 
2. ^ Correspondence of Benedict de Spinoza, Wilder Publications (March 26, 2009), ISBN 1-60459-156-0, letter 73
3. ^ Toland: the father of modern pantheism
4. ^ Lloyd, Genevieve (October 2, 1996). Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Spinoza and The Ethics. New York: Routledge Philosophy Guidebooks. ISBN 0415107822. 
5. ^ Jaspers, Karl (October 23, 1974). Spinoza (Great Philosophers). Harvest Books. ISBN 0-15-684730-2. 
6. ^ Crosby, Donald A. (2008). Living with Ambiguity: Religious Naturalism and the Menace of Evil. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 124. ISBN 0791475190.