Xanthoma

Xanthoma
Classification and external resources
Photograph of patient's hands showing multiple xanthoma tendinosum. Kumar et al. Cases Journal 2008
ICD-10	E78.2 (ILDS E78.280), K13.4
ICD-9	272.2
DiseasesDB	28524
eMedicine	derm/461
MeSH	D014973

A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis), from Greek xanthos, ξανθος, "yellow", is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material in tendons or other body parts in various disease states.^[1] They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which there is an accumulation of lipids in large foam cells within the skin.^[1]

Histology picture of xanthoma showing lipid laden foam cells with large areas of cholesterol clefts, 10 × magnification, eosin and hematoxilin stain. Kumar et al. Cases Journal 2008

They are associated with hyperlipidemias, both primary and secondary types.

Tendon Xanthoma are associated with Type II hyperlipidaemia and chronic biliary obstruction.

Palmar xanthomata and tuboeruptive xanthomata (over knees and elbows) occur in Type III hyperlipidaemia

Types

Xanthelasma

Main article: Xanthelasma

A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, only being called a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.^[2] Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.^[3]

Xanthoma tuberosum

Xanthoma tuberosum is characterized by xanthomas located over the joints.^[1]:530

Xanthoma tendinosum

Xanthoma tendinosum (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"^[4]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands.^[1]:531

Eruptive xanthoma

Eruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.220) is clinically characterized by small, yellowish-orange to reddish-brown papules that appear all over the body.^[1]:531

Xanthoma planum

Xanthoma planum (ILDS D76.370), also known as "Plane xanthoma", is clinically characterized by macules and plaques spread diffusely over large areas of the body.^[1]:531

Palmar xanthoma

Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.^[1]:531 Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.210) is clinically characterized by red papules and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.^[1]:532 Tuberous xanthomas are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as tuberoeruptive xanthomas.^[4]

See also

• Xanthelasma

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. 
2. ^ Shields, Carol; Shields, Jerry (2008). Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7578-7. 
3. ^ thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
4. ^ ^{a b} Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 1415–16. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0. 

External links

• Media related to xanthoma at Wikimedia Commons
• 194641940 at GPnotebook
• MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Xanthoma

This medical sign article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Medical sign stubs Medical signs Hepatology Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР Little Man Tate A Night to Remember (album) Look at other dictionaries: Xanthoma — Xan*tho ma, n. [NL. See {Xantho }, and { oma}.] (Med.) A skin disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; called also {xanthelasma}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English xanthoma — [zan thō′mə] n. pl. xanthomas or xanthomata [zan thō′mə tə] [ XANTH(O) + OMA] a small tumor, esp. of the skin, formed by a deposit of lipids, often in a soft, rounded, yellowish mass xanthomatous [zanthäm′ə təs, zanthō′mətəs] adj …   English World dictionary Xanthoma — Yellowish firm nodules in the skin frequently indicating underlying disease, such as diabetes, disorder of fats (lipid disorder or hyperlipidemia), or other conditions. A xanthoma is a kind of harmless growth of tissue. Under the microscope, a… …   Medical dictionary Xanthoma disseminatum — Classification and external resources ICD 10 E78.2 (ILDS E78.240) Xanthoma disseminatum (also known as Disseminated xanthosiderohistiocytosis [1] and Montgomery syndrome [2]) is a rare …   Wikipedia Xanthoma tendinosum — Xanthoma that clusters around tendons, and is associated with lipid disorders. * * * tendinous xanthoma xanthoma characterized by papules or nodules in the tendons, ligaments, fascia, and periosteum, especially on the hands, elbows, knees, or… …   Medical dictionary Xanthoma tuberosum — Xanthoma that clusters near joints. It is associated with lipid disorders, cirrhosis of the liver, and thyroid disorders. * * * xanthoma tuberosum multiplex, tuberous xanthoma a skin tumor consisting of groups of large, yellow to orange,… …   Medical dictionary Xanthoma, diabetic — Xanthoma associated with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Treating the diabetes can cause the xanthomas to disappear …   Medical dictionary Xanthoma, eruptive — Xanthoma linked to lipid disorders, and accompanied by a pink to red raised rash …   Medical dictionary xanthoma disseminatum — noun rare chronic xanthoma of adults in which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body • Hypernyms: ↑xanthoma …   Useful english dictionary Xanthoma, disseminatum — A type of xanthoma characterized by orange to brown nodules on the skin or mucus membranes …   Medical dictionary 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”