Leiomyoma

Leiomyoma

Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME


Caption =
DiseasesDB =
ICD10 = D21, D25
ICD9 = ICD9|218
ICDO = 8890-8894
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj =
eMedicineTopic =
MeshID = D007889A leiomyoma (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is not premalignant. They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel and the esophagus.

Etymology

*Greek:
**leios = smooth
**muV = (myo) mouse or muscle
**oma = tumor
*Latin:
**Fibra = fiber

Uterine leiomyomata

Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the uterine smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are benign, but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), often cause anemia and may lead to infertility. Enucleation is removal of fibroids without removing the uterus (hysterectomy), which is also commonly performed. Laser surgery (called myolysis) is increasingly used, and provides a viable alternative to surgery.

Uterine leiomyomas originate in the myometrium and are classified by location:
*Submucosal – lie just beneath the endometrium.
* – lie within the uterine wall.
*Subserosal – lie at the serosal surface of the uterus or may bulge out from the myometrium and can become pedunculated.

Estrogen and progesterone usually stimulate their growth, and hormone suppression may hence decrease their size.

Esophageal

They are also the most common benign esophageal tumour, though this accounts for less than 1% of esophageal neoplasms. The remainder consists mainly of carcinomas. Although the vast majority of benign esophageal tumors are clinically silent and go undetected, large or strategically located tumors may become symptomatic.cite web | author = James C. Chou, MD & Frank G. Gress, MD | title =Benign Esophageal Tumors | work =Esophageal Cancer Overview (Cancer of the Esophagus) | url=http://www.health.am/cr/benign-esophageal-tumors/ | publisher=Armenian Health Network, Health.am | accessdate=2007-03-21]

Leiomyoma of jejunum

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of small bowel. Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.cite web | author = By Michael P. Buetow, M.D. | title =Leiomyoma of Jejunum | url=http://www.appliedradiology.com/case/case.asp?ID=88&SubCatID=97&CatID=43&ThreadID= | publisher=Applied Radiology Online | accessdate=2007-03-21]

Treatment

Diagnosis depends on position of the myomas. Traditional Transabdominal or Transvaginal ultrasonogram can detect large submucosal and transmural myomas. For submucosal myomas saline infusion sonography is the best.

Medical treatment

GnRH analogues for 3-6 months are used to reduce the size of the myomas. It usually reduce the size by 60% to 70%. But once the medication is stopped the myomas will grow back.

urgical treatment

Myomectomy is a choice to remove myomas. It is usually done when the client wants to preserve their fertility.

Total Abdominal or Vaginal hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy is the definitive treatment.

Outcomes

References

* [http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/home.jsp Merck Manual] : [http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec18/ch248/ch248a.html Uterine fibroids]
* [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic738.htm Esophageal Leiomyoma]
* [http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/Leiomyoma.html Atlas of Pathology] uterine leimyoma

See also

* myosarcoma

External links

*humpath [http://www.humpath.com/spip.php?page=article&id_article=4835 #4835] (Pathology images)
* [http://www.gyndr.com/myomectomy.php Laser myomectomy]
* [http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/16-1/NazliRev.htm Laparoscopic myomectomy] .


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • leiomyoma — Benign tumour of smooth muscle in which parallel arrays of smooth muscle cells form bundles which are arranged in a whorled pattern. The amount of fibrous connective tissue is very variable. Leiomyoma of the uterus (fibroid) is the commonest form …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • Leiomyoma — A benign tumor of smooth muscle, the type of muscle that is found in the heart and uterus. A leiomyoma of the uterus is commonly called a fibroid. Uterine fibroids are the single most common indication for hysterectomy. Fibroids can be present… …   Medical dictionary

  • leiomyoma uteri — uterine leiomyoma a leiomyoma of the uterus, usually occurring in the third and fourth decades of life, characterized by multiple, firm, round, sharply circumscribed, unencapsulated, gray to white tumors that show a whorled pattern on cut section …   Medical dictionary

  • leiomyoma cutis — a leiomyoma arising from cutaneous or subcutaneous smooth muscle fibers, occurring singly or multiply, usually in the form of lesions arising from arrectores pilorum muscles (piloleiomyoma); it may also occur as a solitary genital lesion arising… …   Medical dictionary

  • leiomyoma — leiomyomatous /luy oh muy om euh teuhs, oh meuh teuhs/, adj. /luy oh muy oh meuh/, n., pl. leiomyomas, leiomyomata / meuh teuh/. Pathol. a benign tumor composed of nonstriated muscular tissue. Cf. rhabdomyoma. [1885 90; < Gk leîo(s) smooth +… …   Universalium

  • leiomyoma — noun A non cancerous tumor of smooth muscle …   Wiktionary

  • leiomyoma — n. benign uterine tumour (Medicine) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • leiomyoma — leio·myoma …   English syllables

  • leiomyoma — n. a benign tumour of smooth muscle. Such tumours occur most commonly in the uterus (see fibroid) but can also arise in the digestive tract, walls of blood vessels, etc. They may undergo malignant change (see leiomyosarcoma) …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • leiomyoma — lei•o•my•o•ma [[t]ˌlaɪ oʊ maɪˈoʊ mə[/t]] n. pl. mas, ma•ta [[t] mə tə[/t]] pat a benign tumor composed of nonstriated muscular tissue Compare rhabdomyoma • Etymology: 1885–90; < Gk leîo(s) smooth +myoma lei•o•my•om•a•tous ˌlaɪ oʊ maɪˈɒm ə təs …   From formal English to slang

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