Exanthem

Exanthem

ICD9 = ICD9|034, ICD9|055-ICD9|057, ICD9|782.1
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj =
eMedicineTopic =
MeshID = D005076
An exanthem (from Greek "exanthema", "a breaking out" [cite web |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/roseola/glossary.htm |title=Roseola Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com |format= |work= |accessdate=] ) is a widespread rash usually occurring in children. Exanthems can be caused by toxins or drugs, microorganisms, or can result from autoimmune disease.

Historically, five "classical" childhood exanthems have been recognized. They include measles (rubeola), chickenpox (varicella), rubella (German measles), erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), and scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is the only exanthem that is bacterial in origin; the others are caused by viruses. Other exanthems (e.g. Duke's disease) are not considered as part of the classic childhood exanthems by some textbooks, nor are other classic childhood diseases (e.g. mumps) considered to be classic childhood exanthems as they do not typically cause rash and, to be a classic exanthem, one must be a rash- or otherwise skin disease-causing illness).cite book |author=Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. |title=Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology) |publisher=Mosby Elsevier |location= |year=2005 |pages=700 |isbn=0-323-03303-2 |oclc= |doi=]

The causes of more recent additions such as roseola (sixth disease) have been identified. Vaccinations now exist against measles, rubella, and chickenpox.cite book |author=Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. |title=Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology) |publisher=Mosby Elsevier |location= |year=2005 |pages=700 |isbn=0-323-03303-2 |oclc= |doi=]

A "new" exanthem was identified in 1992--unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE), later also known as asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood. [cite journal |author=Bodemer C, de Prost Y |title=Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem in children: a new disease? |journal=J Am Acad Dermatol |volume=27 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=693–6 |year=1992 |pmid=1430389]

References

External links

* [http://dermatology.about.com/library/bldefexanthem.htm Overview] at About.com
* [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6530 Definition at MedTerms]
* [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_4_62/ai_65106197 Differential diagnosis]
* [http://www.childsdoc.org/spring97/quiz/derm.asp Dermatology Quiz] Includes photo, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE).


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  • Exanthem — Ex*an them, n. Same as {Exanthema}. [1913 Webster] || …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Exanthēm — (v. gr.), 1) Hautausschlag; 2) bes. die glatten Hautausschläge. Daher Exanthematische Krankheiten, Krankheiten mit einem Hautausschlage als Hauptsymptom; Exanthematolŏgie, Lehre von den Ausschlägen …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Exanthēm — (griech.), das »Aufblühen«, daher der Ausschlag, eine schon bei Hippokrates gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für einen roten fleckigen Hautausschlag; auch krankhafte Erscheinung an der Oberfläche von Pflanzen; s. Ausschlag. Exanthematisch, mit… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Exanthem — Exanthēm (grch.), Blüte, Ausschlag, Hautkrankheit; exanthemātisch, mit Hautausschlag verbunden …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Exanthem — Exanthem,das:⇨Hautausschlag …   Das Wörterbuch der Synonyme

  • exanthem — [eks΄an thē′mə] n. pl. exanthemas or exanthematas [ek΄santhem′ə təz, ek΄santhē′mətəzeks an′thəm] n. [< LL exanthema < Gr exanthēma, efflorescence, eruption < exanthein, to bloom < ex , out + anthein, to flower < anthos: see ANTHO ] …   English World dictionary

  • Exanthem — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 R21 Hautausschlag und sonstige unspezifische Hauteruptionen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Exanthem — A rash. The word “exanthem” comes from the Greek “exanthema” which means “a breaking out.” “Anthos” in Greek is “a flower,” particularly a flower blossom, so a child breaking out with an rash is likened to a flower bursting into bloom. * * * SYN …   Medical dictionary

  • Exanthem — Hautausschlag * * * Ex|an|them 〈n. 11; Med.〉 Hautausschlag [<grch. exanthema „das Aufgeblühte“; zu anthos „Blume, Blüte“] * * * Ex|an|them, das; s, e [lat. exanthema < griech. exánthēma, eigtl. = das Aufgeblühte, zu: exantheĩn = aufblühen] …   Universal-Lexikon

  • exanthem — n. a rash or eruption, such as that occurring in measles. Exanthem subitum is another name for roseola (infantum). Derivatives: exanthematous adj …   The new mediacal dictionary

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