CCL21

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21
Identifiers
Symbols	CCL21; 6Ckine; CKb9; ECL; MGC34555; SCYA21; SLC; TCA4
External IDs	OMIM: 602737 HomoloGene: 2247 GeneCards: CCL21 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • chemokine activity • CCR7 chemokine receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • establishment of T cell polarity • immunological synapse formation • positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion • dendritic cell chemotaxis • positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation • inflammatory response • immune response • cell-cell signaling • positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process • positive regulation of actin filament polymerization • positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly • T cell costimulation • ruffle organization • activation of Rho GTPase activity • positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin • response to prostaglandin E stimulus • mesangial cell-matrix adhesion • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of JNK cascade • positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis • cell maturation • positive regulation of chemotaxis • release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol • positive regulation of filopodium assembly • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis • dendritic cell dendrite assembly • negative regulation of leukocyte apoptosis • positive regulation of cell motility • positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6366	18829
Ensembl	ENSG00000137077	n/a
UniProt	O00585	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002989.2	NM_011124.4
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002980.1	NP_035254.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 34.71 – 34.71 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC).^[1][2][3] The gene for CCL21 is located on human chromosome 9. CCL21 elicits its effects by binding to a cell surface chemokine receptor known as CCR7.^[4]

References

1. ^ Hedrick JA, Zlotnik A (1997). "Identification and characterization of a novel beta chemokine containing six conserved cysteines". J. Immunol. 159 (4): 1589–93. PMID 9257816. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/159/4/1589. 
2. ^ Hromas R, Kim CH, Klemsz M, Krathwohl M, Fife K, Cooper S, Schnizlein-Bick C, Broxmeyer HE (1997). "Isolation and characterization of Exodus-2, a novel C-C chemokine with a unique 37-amino acid carboxyl-terminal extension". J. Immunol. 159 (6): 2554–8. PMID 9300671. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/159/6/2554. 
3. ^ Nagira M, Imai T, Hieshima K, Kusuda J, Ridanpää M, Takagi S, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O (1997). "Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine that is a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and mapped to chromosome 9p13". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19518–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19518. PMID 9235955. 
4. ^ Yoshida R, Nagira M, Kitaura M, Imagawa N, Imai T, Yoshie O (1998). "Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (12): 7118–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.12.7118. PMID 9507024. 

Further reading

• Nagira M, Imai T, Hieshima K, et al. (1997). "Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine that is a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and mapped to chromosome 9p13.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19518–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19518. PMID 9235955. 
• Hedrick JA, Zlotnik A (1997). "Identification and characterization of a novel beta chemokine containing six conserved cysteines.". J. Immunol. 159 (4): 1589–93. PMID 9257816. 
• Hromas R, Kim CH, Klemsz M, et al. (1997). "Isolation and characterization of Exodus-2, a novel C-C chemokine with a unique 37-amino acid carboxyl-terminal extension.". J. Immunol. 159 (6): 2554–8. PMID 9300671. 
• Gunn MD, Tangemann K, Tam C, et al. (1998). "A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1): 258–63. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.258. PMC 18193. PMID 9419363. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18193. 
• Yoshida R, Nagira M, Kitaura M, et al. (1998). "Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (12): 7118–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.12.7118. PMID 9507024. 
• Campbell JJ, Bowman EP, Murphy K, et al. (1998). "6-C-kine (SLC), a lymphocyte adhesion-triggering chemokine expressed by high endothelium, is an agonist for the MIP-3beta receptor CCR7.". J. Cell Biol. 141 (4): 1053–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.4.1053. PMC 2132769. PMID 9585422. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2132769. 
• Jenh CH, Cox MA, Kaminski H, et al. (1999). "Cutting edge: species specificity of the CC chemokine 6Ckine signaling through the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3: human 6Ckine is not a ligand for the human or mouse CXCR3 receptors.". J. Immunol. 162 (7): 3765–9. PMID 10201891. 
• Gosling J, Dairaghi DJ, Wang Y, et al. (2000). "Cutting edge: identification of a novel chemokine receptor that binds dendritic cell- and T cell-active chemokines including ELC, SLC, and TECK.". J. Immunol. 164 (6): 2851–6. PMID 10706668. 
• Annunziato F, Romagnani P, Cosmi L, et al. (2000). "Macrophage-derived chemokine and EBI1-ligand chemokine attract human thymocytes in different stage of development and are produced by distinct subsets of medullary epithelial cells: possible implications for negative selection.". J. Immunol. 165 (1): 238–46. PMID 10861057. 
• Hirose J, Kawashima H, Yoshie O, et al. (2001). "Versican interacts with chemokines and modulates cellular responses.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 5228–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007542200. PMID 11083865. 
• Till KJ, Lin K, Zuzel M, Cawley JC (2002). "The chemokine receptor CCR7 and alpha4 integrin are important for migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells into lymph nodes.". Blood 99 (8): 2977–84. doi:10.1182/blood.V99.8.2977. PMID 11929789. 
• Grant AJ, Goddard S, Ahmed-Choudhury J, et al. (2002). "Hepatic expression of secondary lymphoid chemokine (CCL21) promotes the development of portal-associated lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammatory liver disease.". Am. J. Pathol. 160 (4): 1445–55. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62570-9. PMC 1867219. PMID 11943728. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1867219. 
• Banas B, Wörnle M, Berger T, et al. (2002). "Roles of SLC/CCL21 and CCR7 in human kidney for mesangial proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis.". J. Immunol. 168 (9): 4301–7. PMID 11970971. 
• Christopherson KW, Hood AF, Travers JB, et al. (2003). "Endothelial induction of the T-cell chemokine CCL21 in T-cell autoimmune diseases.". Blood 101 (3): 801–6. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-05-1586. PMID 12393410. 
• Stein JV, Soriano SF, M'rini C, et al. (2003). "CCR7-mediated physiological lymphocyte homing involves activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway.". Blood 101 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-03-0841. PMID 12393730. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Wolf M, Clark-Lewis I, Buri C, et al. (2003). "Cathepsin D specifically cleaves the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, and SLC that are expressed in human breast cancer.". Am. J. Pathol. 162 (4): 1183–90. PMC 1851240. PMID 12651610. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1851240. 
• Weninger W, Carlsen HS, Goodarzi M, et al. (2003). "Naive T cell recruitment to nonlymphoid tissues: a role for endothelium-expressed CC chemokine ligand 21 in autoimmune disease and lymphoid neogenesis.". J. Immunol. 170 (9): 4638–48. PMID 12707342. 
• Nagakubo D, Murai T, Tanaka T, et al. (2003). "A high endothelial venule secretory protein, mac25/angiomodulin, interacts with multiple high endothelial venule-associated molecules including chemokines.". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 553–61. PMID 12847218. 
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=403697.