Interleukin 4

Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified.

Its receptor is the Interleukin-4 receptor.

Functions

It has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells.

It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity.

IL-4 induces B-cell class switching to IgE, and up-regulates MHC class II production.

History

This cytokine was co-discovered by Maureen Howard and William Paul [cite journal |author=Howard M, Paul WE |title=Interleukins for B lymphocytes |journal=Lymphokine Res. |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |year=1982 |pmid=6985399 |doi=] and by Dr. Ellen Vitetta and her research group in 1982.

The nucleotide sequence for human IL-4 was isolated four years later confirming its similarity to a mouse protein called B-cell stimulatory factor-1 (BCSF-1). [cite journal |author=Yokota T et al. |title=Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses B-cell- and T-cell-stimulating activities |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=83 |issue=16 |pages=5894–8 |year=1986 |pmid=3016727 |doi=10.1073/pnas.83.16.5894]

ee also

* STAT6

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Kay AB, Barata L, Meng Q, "et al." |title=Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated cytokines in allergic inflammation. |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=113 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 196–9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9130521 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A |title=Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=107 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11149986 |doi=10.1067/mai.2001.111589
*cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Triggiani M, "et al." |title=Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection. |journal=Crit. Rev. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 6 |pages= 477–96 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11396683 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Maeda S, Yanagihara Y |title= [Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13)] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=59 |issue= 10 |pages= 1894–9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11676128 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Izuhara K, Arima K, Yasunaga S |title=IL-4 and IL-13: their pathological roles in allergic diseases and their potential in developing new therapies. |journal=Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 263–9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14561191 |doi=10.2174/1568010023344661
*cite journal | author=Copeland KF |title=Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines. |journal=Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 1093–101 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16375755 |doi=10.2174/138955705774933383
*cite journal | author=Olver S, Apte S, Baz A, Kienzle N |title=The duplicitous effects of interleukin 4 on tumour immunity: how can the same cytokine improve or impair control of tumour growth? |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=69 |issue= 4 |pages= 293–8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17389011 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00831.x

External links

* [http://arginine.chem.cornell.edu/Structures/IL4.html Recombinant Human Interleukin-4] from Cornell University
* [http://www.hon.ch/Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/il4.html Interleukin-4 from Allergy Glossary] at Health On the Net Foundation
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