- Close front unrounded vowel
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Close front unrounded vowel i Image 
IPA number 301 Encoding Entity (decimal) iUnicode (hex) U+0069 X-SAMPA iKirshenbaum iSound
The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is i.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
Languages that use the Latin alphabet commonly use ⟨i⟩ to represent this sound, though there are some notable exceptions: in English orthography this letter is more commonly associated with /aɪ/ (as in bite) or /ɪ/ (as in bit) and /iː/ is represented with ⟨e⟩, ⟨ea⟩, ⟨ee⟩, and even ⟨ei⟩. Irish orthography is similar in that its spelling system is both etymological and used to indicate whether preceding consonants are broad or slender so that such combinations as ⟨aí⟩, ⟨ei⟩, and ⟨aío⟩ all represent /iː/.
Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is close, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Abkhaz ажьырныҳәа [aʑirnuħʷo] 'January' See Abkhaz phonology Afrikaans dankie [daŋki] 'thank you' Albanian mali [mali] 'the mountain' Arabic Standard[1] دين [d̪iːn] 'religion' See Arabic phonology Armenian իմ [im] 'my' Azerbaijani dili [dili] 'tree' Basque bizar [bis̻ar] 'beard' Bengali আমি [ami] 'I' See Bengali phonology Catalan[2] sis [ˈsis] 'six' See Catalan phonology Chickasaw lhinko [ɬinko] 'to be fat' Chinese Cantonese 詩/si1 [siː˥] 'poem' See Cantonese phonology Mandarin 北京/Běijīng [peɪ˨˩ tɕiŋ˥] 'Beijing' See Mandarin phonology Croatian vino [viːno̞] 'wine' See Serbo-Croatian phonology Czech bílý [ˈbʲiːliː] 'white' See Czech phonology Dahalo [ʡáɬi] 'fat' Danish bilist [b̥iˈlisd] 'car driver' See Danish phonology Dutch[3] biet [bit] 'beet' See Dutch phonology English[4] free [fɹiː] 'free' See English phonology Estonian tiik [tiːk] 'pond' Faroese il [iːl] 'sole' Finnish[5] viisi [viːsi] 'five' See Finnish phonology French[6] fini [fini] 'finished' See French phonology Georgian[7] სამი [ˈsɑmi] 'three' German Ziel [tsiːl] 'goal' See German phonology Greek κήπος/kipos [ˈcipos] 'garden' Also represented by <οι> and <υι>. See Modern Greek phonology Guaraní ha’ukuri [haʔukuri] 'Guaraní' Hawaiian makani [makani] 'breeze' See Hawaiian phonology Hebrew דיר [diʁ] 'pen' (enclosure) Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology Hindi तीन [t̪iːn] 'three' See Hindi-Urdu phonology Hungarian[8] ív [iːv] 'arch' See Hungarian phonology Icelandic líka [liːka] 'also' See Icelandic phonology Indonesian ini [ini] 'this' Irish sí [ʃiː] 'she' See Irish phonology Italian[9] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology Japanese[10] 銀/gin [ɡiɴ] (help·info)'silver' See Japanese phonology Korean 시장/sijang [ɕiˈd͡ʑaŋ] 'hunger' See Korean phonology Kurdish zîndu [ziːndu] 'alive' Latvian šķīvi [ʃkʲiːʋi] 'plate' Lithuanian įbrolis [ˈiːbrolʲɪs] 'half-brother' Macedonian јазик [jazik] 'tongue' See Macedonian phonology Malay biru [biru] 'blue' Maltese bieb [biːb] 'door' Navajo biwosh [biɣʷoʃ] 'his cactus' See Navajo phonology North Frisian Mooring hii [iːl] 'owl' Norwegian is [iːs] 'ice' See Norwegian phonology Occitan Northern and Southern miralhar [miraˈʎa] 'to reflect' Gascon polida [?] 'pretty' Pashto پانير [pɑˈnir] 'cheese' Persian کی [kiː] 'who' See Persian phonology Pirahã baíxi [màíʔì] 'parent' Polish[11] miś [ˈmʲiɕ] (help·info)'teddy bear' See Polish phonology Portuguese[12] li [liː] 'I read' See Portuguese phonology Quechua allin [ˈaʎin] 'good' Romanian insulă [ˈinsulə] 'island' See Romanian phonology Russian[13] лист [lʲist] 'leaf' Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology Scottish Gaelic chì [xiː] 'shall see' See Scottish Gaelic phonology Serbian милина/milina [milina] 'enjoyment' See Serbo-Croatian phonology Seri cmiique [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] 'person' Sindhi سنڌي [sɪndʱiː] 'Sindhi' Sioux Lakota[14][15] ǧí [ʀí] 'it's brown' Slovak chlapi [xlapʲi] 'men' Spanish[16] tipo [ˈt̪ipo̞] 'type' May also be represented by <y>. See Spanish phonology Swahili miti [miti] 'trees' Swedish is [iːs] (help·info)'ice' See Swedish phonology Tagalog silya [ˈsiljɐ] 'chair' See Tagalog phonology Tajik бинӣ [biˈniː] 'nose' Thai[17] กริช [krìt] 'dagger' Turkish ip [ip] 'rope' See Turkish phonology Ubykh [ɡʲi] 'heart' Allophone of /ə/ after palatalized consonants. See Ubykh phonology Ukrainian кіт [kit] 'cat' See Ukrainian phonology Vietnamese ty [ti] 'bureau' See Vietnamese phonology Võro kirotas [kʲirotas] 'he writes' Welsh hir [hiːr] 'long' West Frisian siik [siːk] 'ill' Zapotec Tilquiapan[18] diza [d̪iza] 'Zapotec' Zulu umuzi [uˈmuːzi] 'village' References
- ^ Thelwall (1990:38)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:47)
- ^ Roach (2004:240)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:60, 66)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
- ^ Szende (1994:92)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:30)
- ^ Rood & Taylor (1996)
- ^ Lakota Language Consortium (2004). Lakota letters and sounds.
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256)
- ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, ISSN 0025-1003
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, ISSN 0025-1003
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, ISSN 0025-1003
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, ISSN 0025-1003
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373, ISSN 0025-1003
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, ISSN 0025-1003
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–96, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X, ISSN 0025-1003
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rood, David S; Taylor, Allan R. (2006), "Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I", Handbook of North American Indians 17: 440–482, http://lakxotaiyapi.freecyberzone.com/sk1.htm
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659, ISSN 0025-1003
- Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet 24 (2): 91–94, ISSN 0025-1003
- Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24–26, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746, ISSN 0025-1003
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, ISSN 0025-1003
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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