Voiceless labiodental affricate
- Voiceless labiodental affricate
A voiceless labiodental affricate (IPA| [p̪͡f] in IPA) is a rare consonant, which is initiated as a labiodental plosive IPA| [p̪] , but released as a voiceless labiodental fricative IPA| [f] .
The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has this affricate, as in IPA| [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] "hippos" and aspirated IPA| [ɱp̪͡fʰuka] "distance" (compare IPA| [ɱfutsu] "tortoise", which shows that the plosive is not epenthetic), as well as a voiced labiodental affricate, IPA| [b̪͡v] , as in IPA| [ʃileb̪͡vu] "chin". There is no voiceless labiodental fricative IPA| [f] in this dialect of Tsonga, only a voiceless bilabial fricative, as in IPA| [ɸu] "finished". (Among voiced fricatives, both IPA| [β] and IPA| [v] occur, however.)
German has a similar sound in "Pfeffer" IPA| [ˈp͡fɛfˑɐ] "pepper" or "Apfel" IPA| [ˈapˑ͡fl̩] "apple". (Consonant length is predictable from the length of the preceding vowel in Standard German and thus not a phonemic feature; also, IPA|/p͡f/ only occurs word-initially and behind short vowels.) This differs from a true labiodental affricate in that it starts out with a "bilabial-dental" stop (the upper lip meets the lower at the same time the lower lip touches the upper teeth), but then the lower lip retracts slightly for the frication. We can find it also in Catalan, with the same graphical representation as in German: "capficar" IPA| [kəp͡fiˈka] "to worry".
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Voiceless labiodental plosive — The voiceless labiodental plosive is a consonant sound produced like a [p] , but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f] . This can be represented in the IPA as IPA| [p̪] . A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that is… … Wikipedia
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