Voiceless alveolar affricate

The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is IPA|t͡s (previously IPA|ʦ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts. The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese, among many others. International auxiliary languages, such as Esperanto and Interlingua, tend to include this sound.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar affricate:

* Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively "apical" and "laminal".
* Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

See also

* List of phonetics topics

References

Bibliography

*Harvard reference
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first = Wiktor
year= 2003
title=Polish
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=33
issue=1
pages=103-107
*Harvard reference
last = Recasens
first = Daniel
last2 =Espinosa
first2 = Aina
year= 2007
title= An electropalatographic and acoustic study of affricates and fricatives in two Catalan dialects
journal= Journal of the International Phonetic Association
Volume= 37
issue= 2
pages=143-172
*Harvard reference
last = Shosted
first = Ryan K.
last2 = Vakhtang
first2 = Chikovani
year= 2006
title=Standard Georgian
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=36
issue=2
pages=255-264
*Harvard reference
last = Rogers
first = Derek
last2 = d'Arcangeli
first2 = Luciana
year= 2004
title=Italian
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=34
issue=1
pages=117-121