- Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
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Near-close near-front unrounded vowel ɪ Image 
IPA number 319 Encoding Entity (decimal) ɪUnicode (hex) U+026A X-SAMPA IKirshenbaum ISound
The near-close near-front unrounded vowel, or near-high near-front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɪ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is I. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter i.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
There is also a near-close central unrounded vowel in some languages.
Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is near-close, also known as near-high, which means the tongue is not quite so constricted as a close vowel (high vowel).
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned almost as far forward as a front vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Chinese Cantonese 冰/bing1 [pɪŋ˥] 'ice' See Cantonese phonology Wu 一/ ih [iɪʔ˥] 'one' Czech byli [ˈbɪlɪ] 'they were' See Czech phonology Dutch ik [ɪ̽k] 'I' See Dutch phonology meer [mɪːr] 'more' Way of pronouncing /eː/ before r. See Dutch phonology English bit [bɪt] 'bit' See English phonology French Quebec petite [pətsɪt] 'small' Occurs only in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology German bitte [ˈbɪtə] 'please' See German phonology Irish duine [dˠɪnʲə] 'person' See Irish phonology Mongolian[1] ? [xɪɾɘ̆] 'hillside' Plautdietsch winta [vɪntə] 'winter' Portuguese Brazilian[2] saque [ˈsakɪ] 'withdrawal' Unstressed vowel. See Portuguese phonology Norwegian litt [lɪt] 'a little' See Norwegian phonology Russian[3] дерево [ˈdʲerʲɪvə] 'tree' Occurs only in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology Scottish Gaelic thig [hɪk] 'come' See Scottish Gaelic phonology Sicilian arrìriri [arrɪriri] 'smile' Swedish sill [sɪl] (help·info)'herring' See Swedish phonology Ukrainian ходити [xɔdɪtɪ] 'to walk' See Ukrainian phonology Vietnamese chị [cɪj˧ˀ˨] 'elder sister' See Vietnamese phonology West Frisian Standard lippe [ɫɪpə] 'lip' Hindelopers beast [bɪːst] 'animal' References
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66–67)
- ^ Barbosa & Albano (2004:229)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:37)
Bibliography
- Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227–232, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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