Voiced retroflex affricate
- Voiced retroflex affricate
The voiced retroflex affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are IPA| [ɖ͡ʐ] , sometimes simplified to IPA| [dʐ] , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is dz. It occurs in such languages as Polish (the laminal affricate "dż") and Northwest Caucasian languages (apical).
Features
Features of the voiced retroflex affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized.
* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords are fully vibrating during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurrence
References
Bibliography
*citation
last=Hamann
first=Silke
year=2004
title=Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=34
issue=1
pages=53-67
*citation
last = Jassem
first = Wiktor
year= 2003
title=Polish
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=33
issue=1
pages=103-107
*citation
last =Lightner
first= Theodore M.
year= 1972
title= Problems in the Theory of Phonology, I: Russian phonology and Turkish phonology
place=Edmonton
publisher=Linguistic Research, inc
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