- Near-close near-front rounded vowel
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Near-close near-front rounded vowel ʏ Image 
IPA number 320 Encoding Entity (decimal) ʏUnicode (hex) U+028F X-SAMPA YKirshenbaum I.Sound
The near-close near-front rounded vowel, or near-high near-front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʏ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is Y.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with compressed lips ('exolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are protruded ('endolabial'). This is the case with Swedish, which contrasts the two types of rounding.
Contents
Near-close near-front compressed vowel
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is near-close, also known as near-high, which means the tongue is not quite so constricted as a close vowel (high vowel).
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned almost as far forward as a front vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.
Occurrence
Note: Since front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Armenian գիւղ [kʏʁ] 'village' Chinese Wu 走/ tseu [tsœʏ˩˧] 'walk' Occurs only in some dialects such as Ningbo dialect and Suzhou dialect Dutch hut [hʏ̞t] 'hut' Lowered. See Dutch phonology English Some Southern English varieties[1] book [bʏk] 'book' Corresponds to /ʊ/ in other English dialects. See English phonology Faroese krúss [kɹʏsː] 'mug' French Quebec municipalité [mʏnɪsɪpalɪte] 'municipality' See Quebec French phonology German schützen [ˈʃʏtsˑn] 'protect' See German phonology Icelandic vinur [vɪnʏr] 'friend' See Icelandic phonology Lori tü [tʏ] 'you' Limburgish Maastrichtian un [ʏn] 'onion' Swedish ut [ʏβ̞t] (help·info)'out' May be central in other dialects. See Swedish phonology Near-close near-front protruded vowel
Near-close near-front protruded vowel ʏ̫ ʏʷ
Catford notes that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few languages, such as Scandinavian ones, have protruded front vowels. One of these, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels.[2]
As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, old diacritic for labialization, [ ̫], will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. (Another possible transcription is [ʏʷ] or [ɪʷ] (a near-front near-close vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.)
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, also known as near-high, which means the tongue is not quite so constricted as a close vowel (high vowel).
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned almost as far forward as a front vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Norwegian nytt [nʏ̫t] 'new' See Norwegian phonology Swedish ylle [ˈʏ̫lːɛ] (help·info)'wool' See Swedish phonology References
- ^ "The dialects in the South of England: phonology", pp. 188, 191-192
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
Bibliography
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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