- Close-mid front unrounded vowel
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Close-mid front unrounded vowel e Image 
IPA number 302 Encoding Entity (decimal) eUnicode (hex) U+0065 X-SAMPA eKirshenbaum eSound
The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is e.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is close-mid, also known as high-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Arabic Egyptian ليه [leː] 'why' See Arabic phonology Catalan[1] séc [ˈsek] 'fold' See Catalan phonology Chinese Cantonese 鼻/bei6 [pei˨˨] 'nose' See Cantonese phonology Mandarin 飛/fēi [feɪ̯˥] 'to fly' See Mandarin phonology Wu 隑/ge [ɡe˩˧] 'lean' Danish seng [seŋ] 'bed' See Danish phonology Dutch vreemd [vreːmt] 'strange' In the north of the Netherlands usually diphthongized to [eɪ]. See Dutch phonology English Australian bed [bed] 'bed' See Australian English phonology North American play [pl̥eː] 'play' Some dialects. Many speakers have a diphthong of the type [eɪ] instead. Faroese eg [eː] 'I' French[2] beauté [bote] 'beauty' See French phonology Galician tres [tres] 'three' Georgian[3] მეფჱ [mɛpʰej] 'king' German Seele [ˈzeːlə] 'soul' See German phonology Italian[4] stelle [ˈstelle] 'stars' See Italian phonology Korean 베다/beda [ˈpeːda] 'to cut' See Korean phonology North Frisian ween [ʋeːn] 'blue' Norwegian le [leː] 'laugh' See Norwegian phonology Polish[5] dzień [dʑeɲ] 'day' Allophone of /ɛ/ between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology Portuguese[6] mesa [mezɐ] 'table' See Portuguese phonology Russian[7] воробей [vərɐˈbʲej] 'sparrow' Occurs only between soft consonants. See Russian phonology Swedish se [seː] 'see' See Swedish phonology Vietnamese tê [te] 'numb' See Vietnamese phonology West Frisian skeel [skeːɫ] 'cross-eyed' Zapotec Tilquiapan[8] example needed [] Occurs mostly after [i], otherwise the vowel is central [ɘ] References
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Jassem (2003:106)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:44)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109–10)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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