Voiced bilabial fricative

The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is IPA|β, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B. The symbol IPA|β is the Greek letter beta. This symbol is also sometimes used to represent the bilabial approximant, though that is more clearly written with the lowering diacritic, IPA|β̞. In the English language, this sound is not used, but is made by making the normal "v" sound without fully closing the lips or without touching the top teeth to the lower lip.

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial fricative:

* Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
* Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

In the following transcriptions, the undertack diacritic may be used to indicate an approximant IPA| [β̞] .

References

Bibliography

* Harvard reference
last=Cruz-Ferreira
first=Madalena
year= 1995
title=European Portuguese
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=25
issue=2
pages=90-94
* Harvard reference
last=Gussenhoven
first=Carlos
last2=Aarts
first2=Flor
year= 1999
title=The dialect of Maastricht
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=29
pages=155-166
*Harvard reference
last = Martínez-Celdrán
first= Eugenio
last2 = Fernández-Planas
first2= Ana Ma.
last3 = Carrera-Sabaté
first3 = Josefina
year= 2003
title=Castilian Spanish
journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
volume=33
issue=2
pages=255-259
*Harvard reference
last = Wheeler
first= Max W
year= 2005
title= The Phonology Of Catalan
place= Oxford
publisher= Oxford University Press
isbn= 0199258147

ee also

* List of phonetics topics