- Close-mid central unrounded vowel
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Close-mid central unrounded vowel ɘ Image 
IPA number 397 Encoding Entity (decimal) ɘUnicode (hex) U+0258 X-SAMPA @\Kirshenbaum @<umd>Sound
The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɘ. This is a reversed letter e, and should not be confused with the schwa ə or turned e ǝ. This symbol may be used with a lowering diacritic [ɘ̞], to denote the mid central unrounded vowel.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is close-mid, also known as high-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes English some Southern American dialects[1] nut [nɘt] 'nut' Corresponds to /ʌ/ in other dialects. See English phonology Mongolian[2] ? [usɘɾɘ̆] 'jump' Paicî [kɘ̄ɾɘ̄] 'spider' Russian[3] солнце [ˈsont͡sɘ] 'sun' This occurs only for some speakers after /t͡s/. See Russian phonology Zapotec Tilquiapan[4] ne [nɘ] 'and' References
- ^ Roca & Johnson (1999:186)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66–67)
- ^ Jones (Ward:38)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109–10)
Bibliography
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005). "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71. doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X.
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969). The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521067367.
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008). "Tilquiapan Zapotec". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344.
- Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999). A Course in Phonology. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0631213457.
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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