- Open-mid front unrounded vowel
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Open-mid front unrounded vowel ɛ Image 
IPA number 303 Encoding Entity (decimal) ɛUnicode (hex) U+025B X-SAMPA EKirshenbaum ESound
The open-mid front unrounded vowel, or low-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Latin epsilon ⟨ɛ⟩.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is open-mid, also known as low-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel (a low vowel) and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Albanian tre [tɾɛ] 'three' Catalan[1] mel [ˈmɛɫ] 'honey' See Catalan phonology Chinese Cantonese 蛇/se4 [sɛː˩] 'snake' See Cantonese phonology Mandarin 斜/xié [ɕjɛ˧˥] 'tilted' See Mandarin phonology Wu 颜/ ngae [ŋɛ˥˨] 'face' Czech Amerika [amɛrɪka] 'America' See Czech phonology Dutch bed [bɛt] 'bed' See Dutch phonology English GA bed [bɛd] 'bed' See English phonology New Zealand fat [fɛt] 'fat' Faroese elska [ɛlska] 'love' French[2] bête [bɛt] 'animal' See French phonology Galician pé [pɛ] 'foot' Georgian[3] გედი [ɡɛdi] 'swan' German Bett [bɛt] 'bed' See German phonology Hindi शहर [ʃɛɦɛr] 'city' See Hindi-Urdu phonology Hungarian nem [nɛm] 'no' See Hungarian phonology Icelandic ég [jɛɣ] 'I' See Icelandic phonology Italian[4] bene [ˈbɛːne] 'good' See Italian phonology Kabardian Iэ [ʔɛ] 'to tell' Korean 태양 [tʰɛ.jaŋ] 'Sun' See Korean phonology Lithuanian mane [mɐˈnɛ] 'me' (acc.) Ngwe Njoagwi dialect [lɛ̀rɛ́] 'eye' North Frisian tech [tɛx] 'closed' Norwegian nett [nɛt] 'net' See Norwegian phonology Polish[5] ten [tɛn] (help·info)'this one' See Polish phonology Portuguese[6] café [kɐˈfɛ] 'coffee' See Portuguese phonology Russian[7] это [ˈɛtə] 'this' See Russian phonology Scottish Gaelic aig [ɛk] 'at' See Scottish Gaelic phonology Serbo-Croatian mleko/млеко [mlɛːko] 'milk' See Serbo-Croatian phonology Seri me [mɛ] 'you' Slovak pes [pɛs] 'dog' Swedish ät [ɛːt] 'eat' (imp.) See Swedish phonology Ukrainian береза [bɛˈrɛzɑ] 'birch' See Ukrainian phonology Urdu شہر [ʃɛɦɛr] 'city' See Hindi-Urdu phonology Vietnamese e [ɛ] 'to fear' See Vietnamese phonology West Frisian têd [tɛːt] 'languid' Yoruba ẹsẹ̀ [ɛ̄sɛ] 'leg' See also
References
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:41)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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