Close-mid front rounded vowel

Close-mid front rounded vowel
Close-mid front rounded vowel
ø
IPA number 310
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ø
Unicode (hex) U+00F8
X-SAMPA 2
Kirshenbaum Y
Sound

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The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ø, a lowercase letter o with a diagonal stroke through it, derived from the Danish, Norwegian and Faroese alphabets which use the letter to represent this sound. The symbol is commonly referred to as "o, slash" in English.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.

Contents

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
iy
ɨʉ
ɯu
ɪʏ
ʊ
eø
ɘɵ
ɤo
ɛœ
ɜɞ
ʌɔ
æ
aɶ
ä
ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).

IPA help • IPA key • chart • Loudspeaker.svg chart with audio • view
  • Its vowel height is close-mid, also known as high-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel.
  • Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel roundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Wu /tseu [tsøː] 'walk'
Danish købe [ˈkøːb̥ə] 'buy' See Danish phonology
Dutch keuken [køːkə(n)] 'kitchen' In the north of the Netherlands usually diphthongized to [øʏ]. See Dutch phonology
Estonian köök [køːk] 'kitchen'
Faroese øl [øːl] 'beer'
Finnish tyttö [tytːø] 'girl' See Finnish phonology
French[1] peu [] 'few' See French phonology
German schön [ʃøːn] 'beautiful' See German phonology
Hungarian[2] nő [nøː] 'woman' See Hungarian phonology
Korean soe [søː] 'iron' May be diphthongized to [we] by younger speakers. See Korean phonology
Lombard Western coeur [køːr] 'heart' Also writtenö⟩, particularly in Switzerland and Italy
Ngwe Mmockngie dialect [nøɣə̀] 'sun'
Norwegian søt [søːt] 'sweet' See Norwegian phonology
Rotuman mösʻạki [møːsʔɔki] 'to put to bed'
Swedish öl About this sound [øːl] 'beer' See Swedish phonology

References

Bibliography

  • Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 5971, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X 
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 7376 
  • Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet 24 (2): 9194 

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