Bids for Olympic Games

National Olympic Committees select from within their national territory cities to put forward bids to host an Olympic Games. The staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid.^[1] Since the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, which successfully appropriated the name of the Ancient Greek Olympics to create a modern sporting event, interested cities have rivalled for selection as host of the Summer or Winter Olympic Games.

What follows is a list of the cities that have bid to host any of the Summer and Winter Olympics. 50 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Olympics since their "rebirth"; two in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in Central America, two in Oceania and the remainder in Western Europe and North America. No African, Central Asian, Middle Eastern or South Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics.

Typically, the decision is made at an IOC Session approximately seven years prior to the games; for example the 2012 Summer Olympics were awarded to London on 6 July 2005, and the 2016 Summer Olympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro on 2 October 2009.

IOC – IPC co-operation

In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games.^[1] The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee (SLOC), was chosen to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, with one Organizing Committee for both Games, which was followed up by the 2004 Games in Athens and Torino in 2006. The agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006.^[1]

Summer Olympics bids

Games	Year	Candidate cities		Non-candidate applicant cities[note 1]	IOC session
		Host city	Others
I	1896	Athens[note 2]			1st Paris (1894-06-23)
II	1900	Paris[note 2]
III	1904	Chicago ( St.Louis)[note 3]			4th Paris (22-05-1901)
IV	1908	Rome ( London)[note 4]	Berlin Milan		6th London (June, 1904)
V	1912	Stockholm			10th Berlin (1909-05-27)
VI	1916	Berlin[note 5]	Alexandria Amsterdam Brussels Budapest Cleveland		14th Stockholm (1912-05-27)
VII	1920	Antwerp[note 6]	Amsterdam Atlanta Budapest Cleveland Havana Lyon[note 7] Philadelphia		17th Lausanne (1919-04-05)
VIII	1924	Paris[note 8]	Amsterdam Barcelona Los Angeles Prague Rome		19th Lausanne (1921-06-02)
IX	1928	Amsterdam	Los Angeles
X	1932	Los Angeles			21st Rome (April, 1923)
XI	1936	Berlin	Alexandria Barcelona Budapest Buenos Aires Cologne Dublin Frankfurt Helsinki Lausanne Nuremberg Rio de Janeiro Rome		30th Lausanne (1931-05-13)
XII	1940	Tokyo Helsinki[note 9]			35th Berlin (1936-07-31)
XIII	1944	London[note 10]	Athens Budapest Detroit Helsinki Lausanne Montreal Rome		38th London (1939-06-09)
XIV	1948	London[note 11]	Baltimore Lausanne Los Angeles Minneapolis Philadelphia		39th Lausanne (September, 1946)
XV	1952	Helsinki	Amsterdam Chicago Detroit Los Angeles Minneapolis Philadelphia		40th Stockholm (1947-06-21)
XVI	1956	Melbourne Stockholm[note 12]	Buenos Aires Chicago Detroit Los Angeles Mexico City Minneapolis Philadelphia San Francisco		43rd Rome (1949-04-28)
XVII	1960	Rome	Brussels Budapest Detroit Lausanne Mexico City Tokyo		50th Paris (1955-06-15)
XVIII	1964	Tokyo	Brussels Detroit Vienna		55th Munich (1959-05-26)
XIX	1968	Mexico City	Buenos Aires Detroit Lyon		60th Baden-Baden (1963-10-18)
XX	1972	Munich	Detroit Madrid Montreal		64th Rome (1966-04-26)
XXI	1976	Montreal	Los Angeles Moscow		69th Amsterdam (1970-05-12)
XXII	1980	Moscow	Los Angeles		75th Vienna (1974-10-23)
XXIII	1984	Los Angeles			80th Athens (1978-05-18)
XXIV	1988	Seoul	Nagoya		84th Baden-Baden (1981-09-30)
XXV	1992 details	Barcelona	Amsterdam Belgrade Birmingham Brisbane Paris		91st Lausanne (1986-10-17)
XXVI	1996 details	Atlanta	Athens Belgrade Manchester Melbourne Toronto		96th Tokyo (1990-09-18)
XXVII	2000 details	Sydney	Beijing Berlin Istanbul Manchester		101st Monte-Carlo (1993-09-23)
XXVIII	2004 details	Athens	Buenos Aires Cape Town Rome Stockholm	Istanbul Lille Rio de Janeiro St. Petersburg San Juan Seville	106th Lausanne (1997-09-05)
XXIX	2008 details	Beijing	Istanbul Osaka Paris Toronto	Bangkok Cairo Havana Kuala Lumpur Seville	112th Moscow (2001-07-13)
XXX	2012 details	London	Madrid Moscow New York City Paris	Havana Istanbul Leipzig Rio de Janeiro	117th Singapore (2005-07-06)
XXXI	2016 details	Rio de Janeiro	Chicago Madrid Tokyo	Baku Doha Prague	121st Copenhagen (2009-10-02)
XXXII	2020			Baku Doha Istanbul Madrid Rome Tokyo	125th Buenos Aires (2013-09-07)

Winter Olympics bids

Games	Year	Candidate cities		Non-candidate applicant cities[note 1]	IOC Session
		Host city	Others
I	1924	Chamonix[note 13]			19th Lausanne (1921-06-02)
II	1928	St. Moritz	Davos Engelberg		24th Lisbon (1926-05-06)
III	1932	Lake Placid[note 14]	Bear Mountain Denver Duluth Minneapolis Montreal Oslo Yosemite Valley		27th Lausanne (1929-04-10)
IV	1936	Garmisch-Partenkirchen[note 14]	Montreal St. Moritz		31st Vienna (1933-06-07)
	1940	Sapporo[note 14] St. Moritz[note 9] Garmisch-Partenkirchen[note 9]			36th Warsaw (1937-06-09)
	1944	Cortina d'Ampezzo[note 10]	Montreal Oslo		38th London (1939-06-09)
V	1948	St. Moritz[note 11]	Lake Placid		39th Lausanne (September, 1946)
VI	1952	Oslo	Cortina d'Ampezzo Lake Placid		40th Stockholm (1947-06-21)
VII	1956	Cortina d'Ampezzo	Colorado Springs Lake Placid Montreal		43rd Rome (1949-04-28)
VIII	1960	Squaw Valley	Garmisch-Partenkirchen Innsbruck St. Moritz Karachi		50th Paris (1955-06-16)
IX	1964	Innsbruck	Calgary Lahti		55th Munich (1959-05-26)
X	1968	Grenoble	Calgary Lahti Lake Placid Oslo Sapporo		61st Innsbruck (1964-01-28)
XI	1972	Sapporo	Banff Lahti Salt Lake City		64th Rome (1966-04-26)
XII	1976	Denver ( Innsbruck)[note 15]	Sion Tampere Vancouver-Garibaldi		69th Amsterdam (1970-05-12)
XIII	1980	Lake Placid	Vancouver-Garibaldi[note 16]		75th Vienna (1974-10-23)
XIV	1984	Sarajevo	Gothenburg Sapporo		80th Athens (1978-05-18)
XV	1988	Calgary	Cortina d'Ampezzo Falun		84th Baden-Baden (1981-09-30)
XVI	1992	Albertville	Anchorage Berchtesgaden Cortina d'Ampezzo Falun Lillehammer Sofia		91st Lausanne (1986-10-17)
XVII	1994	Lillehammer	Anchorage Östersund Sofia		94th Seoul (1988-09-15)
XVIII	1998 details	Nagano	Aosta Jaca Östersund Salt Lake City		97th Birmingham (1991-06-15)
XIX	2002 details	Salt Lake City	Östersund Quebec City Sion	Graz Jaca Poprad-Tatry Sochi Tarvisio	104th Budapest (1995-06-16)
XX	2006 details	Turin	Sion	Helsinki Klagenfurt Poprad-Tatry Zakopane	109th Seoul (1999-06-19)
XXI	2010 details	Vancouver	Bern[note 17] Pyeongchang Salzburg	Andorra la Vella Harbin Jaca Sarajevo	115th Prague (2003-07-02)
XXII	2014 details	Sochi	Pyeongchang Salzburg	Almaty Borjomi Jaca Sofia	119th Guatemala City (2007-07-04)
XXIII	2018 details	Pyeongchang	Annecy Munich		123rd Durban (2011-07-06)

All-time Summer Olympics bids

Country City Bids Greece Athens 4 (1896,1944,1996,2004) United States Detroit 7 (1944,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972) France Paris 5 (1900,1924,1992,2008,2012) United States St. Louis 1 (1904) United States Chicago 4 (1904,1952,1956,2016) United Kingdom London 4 (1908,1944,1948,2012) Germany Berlin 4 (1908,1916,1936,2000) Italy Milan 1 (1908) Italy Rome 7 (1908,1924,1936,1944,1960,2004,2020) Sweden Stockholm 3 (1912,1956,2004) Egypt Alexandria 2 (1916,1936) Netherlands Amsterdam 6 (1916,1920,1924,1928,1952,1992) Belgium Brussels 3 (1916,1960,1964) Hungary Budapest 5 (1916,1920,1936,1944,1960) United States Cleveland 2 (1916,1920) United States Atlanta 2 (1920,1996) Belgium Antwerp 1 (1920) Cuba Havana 3 (1920,2008,2012) France Lyon 2 (1920,1968) United States Philadelphia 4 (1920,1948,1952,1956) Spain Barcelona 3 (1924,1936,1992) United States Los Angeles 9 (1924,1928,1932,1948,1952,1956,1976,1980,1984) Czech Republic Prague 2 (1924,2016) Argentina Buenos Aires 4 (1936,1956,1968,2004) Germany Cologne 1 (1936) Germany Nuremberg 1 (1936) Switzerland Lausanne 4 (1936,1944,1948,1960) Brazil Rio de Janeiro 4 (1936,2004,2012,2016) Finland Helsinki 4 (1936,1940,1944,1952) Ireland Dublin 1 (1936) Germany Frankfurt 1 (1936) Japan Tokyo 5 (1940,1960,1964,2016,2020) Canada Montreal 3 (1944,1972,1976) United States Minneapolis 3 (1948,1952,1956) United States Baltimore 1 (1948) Mexico Mexico City 3 (1956,1960,1968) Australia Melbourne 2 (1956,1996) United States San Francisco 1 (1956) Austria Vienna 1 (1964) Germany Munich 1 (1972) Spain Madrid 4 (1972,2012,2016,2020) Russia Moscow 3 (1976,1980,2012) South Korea Seoul 1 (1988) Japan Nagoya 1 (1988) United Kingdom Birmingham 1 (1992) Serbia Belgrade 2 (1992,1996) Australia Brisbane 1 (1992) United Kingdom Manchester 2 (1996,2000) Canada Toronto 2 (1996,2008) China Beijing 2 (2000,2008) Turkey Istanbul 5 (2000,2004,2008,2012,2020) Australia Sydney 1 (2000) South Africa Cape Town 1 (2004) France Lille 1 (2004) Russia St. Petersburg 1 (2004) Puerto Rico San Juan 1 (2004) Spain Seville 2 (2004,2008) Japan Osaka 1 (2008) Thailand Bangkok 1 (2008) Egypt Cairo 1 (2008) Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1 (2008) United States New York 1 (2012) Germany Leipzig 1 (2012) Azerbaijan Baku 2 (2016,2020) Qatar Doha 2 (2016,2020) Total bids by country Country Bids Argentina 4 (1936,1956,1968,2004) Australia 4 (1956,1992,1996,2000) Austria 1 (1964) Azerbaijan 2 (2016,2020) Belgium 4 (1916,1920,1960,1964) Brazil 4 (1936,2004,2012,2016) Canada 5 (1944,1972,1976,1996,2008) China 2 (2000,2008) Cuba 3 (1920,2008,2012) Czech Republic 2 (1924,2016) Egypt 3 (1916,1936,2008) Finland 4 (1936,1940,1944,1952) France 8 (1900,1920,1924,1968,1992,2004,2008,2012) Germany 9 (1908,1916,1936 (x4),1972,2000,2012) Greece 4 (1896,1944,1996,2004) Hungary 5 (1916,1920,1936,1944,1960) Ireland 1 (1936) Italy 8 (1908 (x2),1924,1936,1944,1960,2004,2020) Japan 7 (1940,1960,1964,1988,2008,2016,2020) Malaysia 1 (2008) Mexico 3 (1956,1960,1968) Netherlands 6 (1916,1920,1924,1928,1952,1992) Puerto Rico 1 (2004) Qatar 2 (2016,2020) Russia 4 (1976,1980,2004,2012) Serbia 2 (1992,1996) South Africa 1 (2004) South Korea 1 (1988) Spain 9 (1924,1936,1972,1992,2004,2008,2012,2016,2020) Sweden 3 (1912,1956,2004) Switzerland 4 (1936,1944,1948,1960) Thailand 1 (2008) Turkey 5 (2000,2004,2008,2012,2020) United Kingdom 7 (1908,1944,1948,1992,1996,2000,2012) United States 36 (1904 (x2),1916,1920 (x3),1924,1928,1932,1944 (x4),1952 (x5),1956 (x6),1960,1964,1968,1972,1976,1980,1984,1996,2012,2016) All-time Winter Olympics bids Country City Bids France Chamonix 1 (1924) Switzerland St. Moritz 5 (1928,1936,1940,1948,1960) Switzerland Davos 1 (1928) Switzerland Engelberg 1 (1928) United States Lake Placid 6 (1932,1948,1952,1956,1968,1980) United States Bear Mountain 1 (1932) United States Denver 2 (1932,1976) United States Duluth 1 (1932) United States Minneapolis 1 (1932) Canada Montreal 4 (1932,1936,1944,1956) Norway Oslo 4 (1932,1944,1952,1968) United States Yosemite Valley 1 (1932) Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen 3 (1936,1940,1960) Japan Sapporo 4 (1940,1968,1972,1984) Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo 5 (1944,1952,1956,1988,1992) United States Colorado Springs 1 (1956) Pakistan Karachi 1 (1960) United States Squaw Valley 1 (1960) Austria Innsbruck 3 (1960,1964,1976) Canada Calgary 3 (1964,1968,1988) Finland Lahti 3 (1964,1968,1972) France Grenoble 1 (1968) Canada Banff 1 (1972) United States Salt Lake City 3 (1972,1998,2002) Switzerland Sion 3 (1976,2002,2006) Finland Tampere 1 (1976) Canada Vancouver 3 (1976,1980,2010) Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 2 (1984,2010) Sweden Gothenburg 1 (1984) Sweden Falun 2 (1988,1992) France Albertville 1 (1992) United States Anchorage 2 (1992,1994) Germany Berchtesgaden 1 (1992) Norway Lillehammer 2 (1992,1994) Bulgaria Sofia 3 (1992,1994,2014) Sweden Östersund 3 (1994,1998,2002) Japan Nagano 1 (1998) Italy Aosta 1 (1998) Spain Jaca 4 (1998,2002,2010,2014) Canada Quebec City 1 (2002) Austria Graz 1 (2002) Slovakia Poprad 2 (2002,2006) Russia Sochi 2 (2002,2014) Italy Tarvisio 1 (2002) Italy Turin 1 (2006) Finland Helsinki 1 (2006) Austria Klagenfurt 1 (2006) Poland Zakopane 1 (2006) Switzerland Bern 1 (2010) Korea Pyeongchang 3 (2010,2014,2018) Austria Salzburg 2 (2010,2014) Andorra Andorra La Vella 1 (2010) People's Republic of China Harbin 1 (2010) Kazakhstan Almaty 1 (2014) Georgia Borjomi 1 (2014) France Annecy 1 (2018) Germany Munich 1 (2018) Total bids by country Country Bids Andorra 1 (2010) Austria 7 (1960,1964,1976,2002,2006,2010,2014) Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 (1984,2010) Bulgaria 3 (1992,1994,2014) Canada 12 (1932,1936,1944,1956,1964,1968,1976,1980,1988,2010) China 1 (2010) Finland 5 (1964,1968,1972,1976,2006) France 4 (1924,1968,1992,2018) Georgia 1 (2014) Germany 5 (1936,1940,1960,1992,2018) Italy 8 (1944,1952,1956,1988,1992,1998,2002,2006) Japan 5 (1940,1968,1972,1984,1998) Kazakhstan 1 (2014) Norway 6 (1932,1944,1952,1968,1992,1994) Pakistan 1 (1960) Poland 1 (2006) Russia 2 (2002,2014) Slovakia 2 (2002,2006) South Korea 3 (2010,2014,2018) Spain 4 (1998,2002,2010,2014) Sweden 6 (1984,1988,1992,1994,1998,2002) Switzerland 11 (1928 (x3),1936,1940,1948,1960,1976,2002,2006,2010) United States 19 (1932 (x6),1948,1952,1956 (x2),1960,1968,1972,1976,1980,1992,1994,1998,2002) Trivia London is the only city to have bid more than once and still hold a 100% record. Detroit has had the most bids whilst failing to win the rights to host the games once. Hungary has had the most bids in the Summer Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once. Sweden has had the most bids in the Winter Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once. Notes ^ a b Those bids which were not shortlisted for the second and final bidding phase. ^ a b At the first Session of the International Olympic Committee, in 1894, Athens was chosen to stage the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era, in 1896, as an honour to the birthplace of the Ancient Olympics. Paris was chosen as the site for the II Olympiad, in 1900, despite Pierre de Coubertin's wish that Paris would celebrate the first Games. [ Athens 1896. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ][ (PDF) Factsheet – The Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. 2007-02-07. http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1029.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ Chicago was voted the host city of the III Olympiad, but due to pressure from the city of St. Louis, which was staging the World's Fair on the same year, the Games were transferred to this city. ["1904 Summer Olympics: St. Louis, Missouri". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1904.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ Rome was the choice of the IOC, but the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius forced the Italians to return the Games to the IOC, which reattributed them to London. ["1908 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1908.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ The Games were cancelled due to the ongoing World War I. ^ Antwerp was awarded with the Olympic Games as a compensation and to honour the Belgians who fought, suffered and died during the war. ["Antwerp 1920". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1920. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ Lyon withdrew before the final vote. ^ Paris got the Games for the second time to fulfill Pierre de Coubertin's wish to see a successful Olympics in his country, erasing the flaws of the 1900 Olympics, before he retired from the IOC. ["1924 Olympics: Paris, France". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1924.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ a b c Due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan relinquished its hosting rights to both the Summer and Winter Games. On 1938-07-15, the IOC relocated the Summer Games to Helsinki and the Winter Games to St. Moritz. Finland's invasion by the Soviet Union, in 1939, and the ensuing World War II forced the IOC to cancel the 1940 Summer Games. ["1948 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1948.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ] Disagreements with the Swiss officials, concerning the entry of professional skiers in the Games, prompted the IOC to reattribute them for the second consecutive time to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, on 1939-06-09. They were cancelled as well because of the war. ["St. Moritz 1948". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1948. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] ^ a b The Games were cancelled because of the ongoing World War II. ^ a b Selected without election, after the end of the World War II. ^ Australian's strict quarantine laws concerning the entry of foreign horses made it impossible for the equestrian events to be held within the Games period. In May, 1954, during the 49th IOC Session in Athens, Stockholm was chosen to stage what would be known as "Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad". ["Melbourne 1956". International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1956. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ][ (in Swedish and English) (PDF) The Official Report of the Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad. Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad. http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/or1956eq.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ] ^ Chamonix was chosen by the IOC to stage the "International Sports Week 1924", which would later be considered the First Olympic Winter Games. ["Chamonix 1924". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1924. Retrieved 2007-04-08. ] ^ a b c Until the 1938 revision of the Olympic Charter, the IOC rules stated that the host country of the Summer Olympics took priority if it wished to host the Winter Olympics. ^ Denver gave up its hosting rights because a state referendum prohibited allocation of public funds to support the Games. The Austrian city of Innsbruck, which had hosted the Games twelve years earlier, stepped in to replace Denver. ["Innsbruck 1976". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1976-winter-olympics. Retrieved 2011-06-23. ] ^ Vancouver-Garibaldi bid was withdrawn on 1974-10-04, leaving Lake Placid as the only bidder. ^ Bern withdrew its bid on 2002-09-27, following a negative referendum outcome over the cost of staging an Olympic Games. ["Bern Officially Withdraws Bid". GamesBids. 2002-09-27. http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=5&id=1033135422. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ] References ^ a b c IPC-IOC Co-operation, The official website of the International Paralympic Committee International Olympic Committee (IOC) — Olympic Games IOC Vote History Olympic Games Museum Olympic Bid Election History External links GamesBids.com TheBidLibrary.com