Interstate 680 (California)

Interstate 680
Route information
Defined by S&HC § 620
Maintained by Caltrans
Length:	70.536 mi[1] (113.517 km)
History:	State highway in 1933; Interstate in 1955
Major junctions
South end:	I-280 / US 101 in San Jose
	SR 238 in Fremont I-580 in Dublin SR 24 in Walnut Creek
North end:	I-80 in Fairfield
Highway system
Auxiliary route of the Interstate Highway System Main • Auxiliary • Business State highways in California(list • pre-1964) History • Unconstructed • Deleted • Freeway • Scenic ← I-605 I-710 → ← SR 20 SR 22 →

Interstate 680 (I-680) is a north–south Interstate Highway in Northern California. It curves around the eastern cities of the San Francisco Bay Area from San Jose to Interstate 80 at Cordelia, bypassing cities along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay such as Oakland and Richmond while serving others more inland such as Pleasanton and Concord.

Built in the 1920s and designated in 1955, I-680 begins at a junction with I-280 and US 101 (Bayshore Freeway), and heads northeast and north-northwest through the northeast part of San Jose. After passing SR 237 in Milpitas and SR 262 in Fremont, I-680 abruptly turns northeast (where a connection to a SR 238 freeway was planned) and enters a hilly area. The highway crosses over Mission Pass, also known as the Sunol Grade, and descends into the Sunol Valley, where it meets SR 84 near Sunol. From Sunol, I-680 again heads north-northwesterly through valleys, including the San Ramon Valley, along the Calaveras Fault. Junctions along this portion include I-580 in Dublin and SR 24 in Walnut Creek. Beyond the latter interchange, a three-way directional junction with the SR 24 freeway west to Oakland, I-680 heads north into Pleasant Hill, where SR 242 splits and I-680 again heads northwesterly. After the junction with SR 4 in Martinez, the highway crosses the Carquinez Strait on the Benicia-Martinez Bridge, immediately meeting the east end of I-780 on the Benicia end. The remainder of I-680, from Benicia to I-80 at Cordelia, lies between a hilly area to the west and a marshy area (along the Suisun Bay and Cordelia Slough) to the east.^[2]

I-680 is part of the State Scenic Highway System from SR 238 in Fremont north to SR 24 in Walnut Creek,^[3] and is eligible for said system from SR 238 south to the Alameda-Santa Clara County line.

Route description

Southbound at SR 4

The portion of this route from the Route 280/US101 junction to the Santa Clara/Alameda County line is named the Joseph P. Sinclair Freeway, after the District Engineer for District 4 Division of Highways (now Caltrans) from 1952 to 1964 pursuant to Assembly Concurrent Resolution 104, chapter 168 in 1967.

Between Alcosta Boulevard and the intersection with I-580 , I-680 is officially named the "Officer John Paul Monego Memorial Freeway." It was named after Dublin Police Officer John Paul Monego, who died on December 12, 1998, in the line of duty at the age of 33 years, while responding to a takeover robbery. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 60, enrolled August 18, 2000.^[1]

From Route 24 to Route 4, the route is historically part of "El Camino Sierra" (The Road to the Mountains).^[1]

The portion of this route from about the Livorna Road interchange in Walnut Creek/Alamo to the Alcosta Blvd. interchange in San Ramon appears to be named the "Donald D. Doyle Highway".^[1] While serving in the California Assembly from 1953 to 1958, Donald D. Doyle co-authored the Short-Doyle Mental Health Act and authored legislation creating the ferry boat transportation system between Benecia and Martinez. The signs indicating this were erected in 1998.

Of the above names, only the name Sinclair Freeway for its designated portion usually appears on maps, and the other portions on maps are always unnamed, referred to as simply I-680.^[4]

The route begins at U.S. Route 101, where it acts as a continuation of Interstate 280 eastward.^[5] From here, it begins its journey northward through San Jose, where it meets the Capitol Expressway, signed as County Route G21.^[1] The next exit northbound is State Route 130, which is also known as Alum Rock Avenue. As it continues through Santa Clara County, it meets numerous local roads before interchanging with the Montague Expressway. Here, it exits San Jose and enters the city of Milpitas, California, where it meets State Route 237, often referred to as Calaveras Boulevard. After one more intersection, I-680 exits Santa Clara County and enters Alameda County.^[1]

In Alameda County, the freeway instantly begins in the city of Fremont, where it intersects State Route 262. Continuing through the city, it meets Mission Boulevard at State Route 238 before exiting the city. Amid Alameda County, it abruptly turns northeastward and enters a hilly area, where it crosses over Mission Pass, and descends into the Sunol Valley, where it joins State Route 84 for a short while. Afterwards, it enters Pleasanton and interchanges with Interstate 580. It enters Dublin for a short segment before exiting the county and entering Contra Costa County.^[1][5]

Upon entering Contra Costa County, the route meets numerous local roads through the cities of San Ramon, Danville, and Alamo before entering Walnut Creek, where it meets State Route 24.^[1] I-680 then enters Concord, where it meets State Route 242. Upon exiting Concord, it meets State Route 4. It then enters Martinez, where it follows the Benicia-Martinez Bridge over the Carquinez Strait, on which the route crosses the county line and enters Benicia in Solano County.^[1][4][5] In Bencia, I-680 interchanges with Interstate 780. It then exits the city and enters Fairfield, where it meets Interstate 80, where the route finds its north terminus.^[5]

In the wake of the September 11 Attacks, a flag was painted on a large piece of concrete on a hill along the Sunol Grade. It stayed there for nine years before being painted over, as the mural had been painted without authorization. Due to this action being taken shortly before the 4th of July, and also due to the mural's fame, this was met with controversy. The flag was replaced shortly later.

History

Descending from Mission Pass northbound

By the 1920s, a road ran south from Martinez through Walnut Creek, Dublin, Danville, and Sunol to Mission San Jose, where it met State Highway Route 5 (Mission Boulevard, signed over the years as US 48, US 101E, SR 9, and now SR 238). It was not yet paved south of Dublin, where it crossed Mission Pass between the Sunol Valley and the San Francisco Bay basin.^[4] The majority of this roadway was added to the state highway system in 1933 as portions of several routes: Route 108 from Mission San Jose to Sunol, Route 107 from Sunol to Walnut Creek, and Route 75 from Walnut Creek to Pleasant Hill.^[6][7]

At Martinez, the Martinez-Benicia Ferry took automobiles across the Carquinez Strait to Benicia, where Route 7, one of the original state highways from the 1910 bond issue, led north and northeast past Cordelia towards Sacramento and Oregon.^[8] The portion north from Benicia to Cordelia became part of Route 74 in 1935, when Route 7 was realigned to the more direct American Canyon route that is now I-80.^[9] None of the aforementioned roads were given state sign route numbers in 1934, when that system was laid out,^[10] but by 1937 they had been numbered State Route 21.^[11] This route began at the intersection of Warm Springs Boulevard and Brown Road in Warm Springs, where Route 5 and Route 69 (SR 17) split, follewed Route 5 along Mission Boulevard to Mission San Jose (this part later became an overlap with SR 9), and then continued to US 40 (Route 7) at Cordelia. The routing was very close to the present I-680, following such roads as Pleasanton Sunol Road, San Ramon Valley Boulevard, Danville Boulevard, and Pacheco Boulevard.^[12]

The portion of SR 21 between Pleasant Hill and Martinez was finally added to the state highway system in 1949, as a branch of Route 75.^[13] The ferry approach in Benicia became a spur of Route 74 in 1947,^[14] and in 1953 it was transferred to Route 75. The same law, effective immediately as an urgency measure, authorized the Department of Public Works to acquire the ferry system, then operated by the city of Martinez, which was planning to shut it down.^[15] Ownership was transferred just after midnight on October 6, 1953.^[16]

1955 map of the planned Interstates in the San Francisco Bay Area. These early plans essentially called for a interstate loop route that would head south down the San Francisco Peninsula from San Francisco to San Jose, then head north through the eastern cities of the East Bay to Vallejo. This route now basically comprises present-day I-280, I-680, and I-780.

The Bureau of Public Roads approved urban routes of the Interstate Highway System on September 15, 1955, including a loop around the San Francisco Bay, soon numbered I-280 and I-680. The east half (I-680) began at the interchange of US 101 north of downtown San Jose and followed the Nimitz Freeway (SR 17/Route 69, now I-880) to the split at Warm Springs (the present location of SR 262), SR 21 to Benicia, and Route 74 (no sign route number) to I-80 in Vallejo.^[17][18][19] The first piece of I-680 freeway built, other than the pre-existing Nimitz Freeway, was in the late 1950s, along the SR 24 overlap between North Main Street in Walnut Creek and Monument Boulevard in Pleasant Hill.^[20][21] A southerly extension, bypassing downtown Walnut Creek to South Main Street, opened on March 22, 1960, connecting with the SR 24 freeway to Oakland.^[22] In the next decade, the freeway was completed from Vallejo south to SR 238 at Mission San Jose, and the roadway north from Benicia to Cordelia, which became the only remaining piece of SR 21, was also upgraded to freeway standards.^[23][24]

In the 1964 renumbering, the legislative designation was changed to Route 680. SR 17 was officially moved to former Route 5 between San Jose and Warm Springs, which had not had a signed designation since the Nimitz Freeway (then I-680) was constructed,^[25] but this was instead marked as part of SR 238 (which replaced SR 9 north of Mission San Jose), and SR 17 remained signed along the Nimitz Freeway.^[26] This was very short-lived, as the Bureau of Public Roads approved a shift in the south end of I-680 in October 1964.^[18] The legislature changed the routes in 1965, swapping Routes 17 and 680 south of Warm Springs, and creating a new SR 262 on the short roadway at Warm Springs where they had overlapped to switch sides.^[27][28] However, until I-680 was completed in the early-to-mid 1970s,^[23] it remained signed along the Nimitz Freeway, and the old road between San Jose and Warm Springs continued to be marked as SR 238.^[24] One more change was made to the routing of I-680: in July 1973, the remainder of SR 21, from Benicia to Cordelia, was added to the Interstate Highway System. This became the new alignment of I-680, and the old route to Vallejo became I-780. The corresponding changes were made by the state legislature in 1976.^[29]

A 14-mile (23 km) southbound high-occupancy toll (HOT) lane along I-680 between SR 84 in Alameda County and SR 237 in Santa Clara County opened on September 20, 2010.^[30] Solo drivers are required to pay a toll via a FasTrak transponder. There are currently no plans to add northbound HOT lanes on I-680, however.

Exit list

Note: Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.

County	Location	Postmile[1][23][31]	Exit [32]	Destinations	Notes
Santa Clara SCL M0.00-M9.94	San Jose	M0.00	1A	I-280 north – Downtown San Jose	Continuation beyond US 101
		M0.00	1B	US 101 (Bayshore Freeway) – Los Angeles, San Francisco	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		M0.39	1A	King Road	Signed as exit 1C southbound
		M1.19	1B	Jackson Avenue	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		M1.41	1C	Capitol Expressway (CR G21)	Signed as exit 1D southbound
		M1.74	2A	Alum Rock Avenue (SR 130)
		M2.38	2B	McKee Road
		M3.84	4	Berryessa Road
		M4.80	5A	Hostetter Road	Southbound exit is via exit 5
		M5.07	5B	Capitol Avenue	Signed as exit 5 southbound
	San Jose – Milpitas border	M6.17	6	Montague Expressway (CR G4), Landess Avenue
	Milpitas	M7.65	8	SR 237 (Calaveras Boulevard) – Central Milpitas
		M8.50	9	Jacklin Road
Alameda ALA M0.00-R21.88	Fremont	M0.13	10	Scott Creek Road – Warm Springs District
		M2.38	12	SR 262 (Mission Boulevard) to I-880	Former SR 21 north
		M4.02	14	Auto Mall Parkway, Durham Road
		M5.37	15	Washington Boulevard – Irvington District
		R6.40	16	SR 238 (Mission Boulevard)	Former SR 21 south
		R7.48	18A	Vargas Road	Signed as exit 18 southbound
		R8.31	18B	Sheridan Road	Southbound exit is via exit 20
		R9.71	20	Andrade Road
		R11.04	21A	SR 84 west (Calaveras Road) – Sunol, Dumbarton Bridge	South end of SR 84 overlap; signed as exit 21 northbound; former SR 21 north
		R11.85	21B	SR 84 east – Livermore	North end of SR 84 overlap; southbound exit is via a U-turn at exit 21
		R12.44	22	Sunol	Southbound exit and northbound entrance; former SR 21
	Pleasanton	R15.26	25	Sunol Boulevard, Castlewood Drive – Pleasanton
		R16.75	26	Bernal Avenue – Pleasanton
		R19.30	29	Stoneridge Drive
		R20.06	30	I-580 – Dublin, Oakland, Livermore, Stockton	Signed as exits 30A (east) and 30B (west)
	Dublin
		R20.39	30A	Dublin Boulevard	No northbound exit; former US 50
Contra Costa CC R0.00-25.46	San Ramon	R0.01	31	Alcosta Boulevard – Dublin
		R2.89	34	Bollinger Canyon Road
		R4.18	36	Crow Canyon Road – San Ramon
	Danville
		R6.76	38	Sycamore Valley Road
		R7.55	39	Diablo Road – Danville
		R8.18	40	El Cerro Boulevard
		R8.75	41	El Pintado Road	Northbound exit is via exit 40; Southbound exit and northbound entrance only
	Alamo	R10.37	42	Stone Valley Road	Signed as exits 42A (east) and 42B (west)
		R11.28	43	Livorna Road
	Walnut Creek	R12.61	44	Rudgear Road	Southbound exit is via exit 45A
		13.08	45A	South Main Street – Walnut Creek	No northbound entrance; former SR 21
		13.93	45B	Olympic Boulevard
		14.38	46A	SR 24 west – Lafayette, Oakland	Signed as exit 46 southbound
		14.85	46B	Ygnacio Valley Road	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		15.61	47	North Main Street – Walnut Creek	Former SR 21
		16.40	48	Treat Boulevard, Geary Road
	Pleasant Hill	R17.29	49A	Contra Costa Boulevard – Pleasant Hill	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; former SR 21
		R17.70	49B	Monument Boulevard, Gregory Lane	Signed as exit 49 southbound; former SR 24 east
	Concord, Pleasant Hill	R18.71	50	SR 242 – Concord, Pittsburg	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		19.04	51	Willow Pass Road, Taylor Boulevard
		19.86	52	Concord Avenue, Burnett Avenue – Pacheco, Concord
		21.19	53	SR 4 – Pittsburg, Antioch, Martinez, Hercules
		22.43	54	Pacheco Boulevard	Former SR 21
	Martinez	24.26	56	Marina Vista, Waterfront Boulevard – Martinez
		Benicia–Martinez Bridge over Carquinez Strait
Solano SOL L0.00-R13.13	Benicia
		0.68	58A	I-780 west – Benicia, Vallejo	Signed as exit 58 southbound; former I-680 north
		R1.00	58B	Bayshore Road	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		R1.46	60	Industrial Park	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		R2.82	61	Lake Herman Road	Former SR 21 south
		R5.02	63	Parish Road
		R7.32	65	Marshview Road
	Fairfield	R10.02	68	Gold Hill Road
		12.63	70	Green Valley Road – Cordelia	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		13.13	71	I-80 / SR 12 – Fairfield, Sacramento, Napa, San Francisco	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; signed as exits 71A (east) and 71B (west)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi      Concurrency terminus •      Closed/Former •      Incomplete access •      Unopened

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} California Department of Transportation, State Truck Route List (XLS file), accessed February 2008
2. ^ Google Maps street maps and USGS topographic maps, accessed February 2008 via ACME Mapper
3. ^ California Department of Transportation, Route 680 - Scenic Highway, accessed February 2008
4. ^ ^{a b c} Rand McNally & Company, San Francisco and Vicinity, 1927
5. ^ ^{a b c d} National Geographic (October 2006). The United States (Map). 
6. ^ "An act...relating to...the addition of certain highways to the State system.", 1933 chapter 767, p. 2036: "State Highway Route 75 near Walnut Creek to State Highway Route 5 near Stockton via Antioch." "State Highway Route 75 near Walnut Creek to Livermore-San Jose Mission Road near Scotts Corners." "State Highway Route 5 near Mission San Jose to State Highway Route 5 near Livermore."
7. ^ "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code...", 1935 chapter 29, p. 281, 283: "Route 75 is from: (a) Oakland to Route 5 near Stockton via Walnut Creek and Antioch..." "Route 107 is from: (a) Route 75 near Walnut Creek to Route 108 near Scotts Corners..." "Route 108 is from Route 5 near Mission San Jose to Route 5 near Livermore."
8. ^ Howe & Peters, Engineers' Report to California State Automobile Association Covering the Work of the California Highway Commission for the Period 1911-1920, pp. 11-16
9. ^ "An act...relating to State highways.", 1935 chapter 274, p. 959, 281: "Route 74 is from a point on Route 8 near the Napa Y to Cordelia via Vallejo and Benicia."
10. ^ California Highways and Public Works, State Routes will be Numbered and Marked with Distinctive Bear Signs, August 1934
11. ^ Oakland Tribune, classified ads, August 15, 1937: "one acre on Highway 21, south of Walnut Creek"
12. ^ United States Geological Survey, 1942 San Jose, 1940 Livermore, 1942 Mount Diablo, 1941 Concord, 1940 Carquinez Strait (scale 1:62500)
13. ^ "An act...relating to state highway routes.", 1949 chapter 1467, p. 2555: "Route 75 is from:...(b) Route (a) above, north of Walnut Creek to Martinez..."
14. ^ "An act to amend Section 374 of, and to add Sections 512 and 543 to, the Streets and Highways Code, relating to state highways.", 1947 (1st extraordinary session) chapter 13, p. 3812: "Route 74 is from:...(b) (a) above near M and East Second Street to East Fifth and C Streets, in Benicia."
15. ^ "An act authorizing the acquisition by the Department of Public Works of the ferry system across Carquinez Straits between Benicia and Martinez...", 1953 chapter 1737, p. 3486-3488: "Route 75 is from:...(b) Route (a) above, north of Walnut Creek to a connection with Route 74 in Benicia." [Note that this law accidentally deleted portion (c) of Route 75; an urgency measure passed at the 1954 1st extraordinary session (chapter 8) corrected this error.]
16. ^ San Mateo Times, State Set to Take Over Benicia Ferry, September 29, 1953
17. ^ Bureau of Public Roads, General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, 1955: San Francisco
18. ^ ^{a b} California Department of Transportation, State Highway Routes: Selected Information, 1994 with 1995 revisions, pp. 342, 348
19. ^ H.M. Gousha Company, California, 1963
20. ^ Oakland Tribune, Lafayette Bypass to Slash Travel Time for Commuters, September 9, 1956: "With another freeway link now under construction northward from Walnut Creek to the Monument..."
21. ^ United States Geological Survey, Walnut Creek (scale 1:24000), 1959
22. ^ Oakland Tribune, Ceremony Salutes New Freeway Link, March 23, 1960
23. ^ ^{a b c} California Department of Transportation, Log of Bridges on State Highways, July 2007
24. ^ ^{a b} H.M. Gousha Company, San Francisco, 1968
25. ^ "An act...relating to routes on the state highway system.", 1963 chapter 385, p. 1173, 1189: "Route 17 is from: (a) Route 1 near Santa Cruz to Route 101 near Story Road. (b) Route 101 near San Jose to Route 680 near Warm Springs. (c) Route 680 near Warm Springs to Route 580 in Oakland..." "Route 680 is from Route 280 in San Jose to Route 80 in Vallejo passing near Warm Springs, Mission San Jose, Scotts Corners and Sunol, and via Walnut Creek and Benicia."
26. ^ Oakland Tribune, Highway 9 Has a New Number, April 19, 1964
27. ^ "An act...relating to state highways.", 1965 chapter 1371, p. 3268, 3269: "Route 262 is from Route 17 to Route 680 near Warm Springs." "Route 680 is from Route 101 near San Jose to Route 80 in Vallejo passing near Warm Springs, Mission San Jose, Scotts Corners and Sunol, and via Walnut Creek and Benicia."
28. ^ "An act...relating to state highways.", 1965 chapter 1372, p. 3273: "Route 17 is from: (a) Route 1 near Santa Cruz to Route 80 in Oakland..."
29. ^ "An act to amend...the Streets and Highways Code, relating to state highways.", 1976 chapter 1354, p. 6176, 6178: "Route 680 is from: (a) Route 101 near San Jose to Route 780 at Benicia passing near Warm Springs, Mission San Jose, Scotts Corners, and Sunol, and via Walnut Creek. (b) Route 780 at Benicia to Route 80 near Cordelia." "Route 780 is from Route 680 at Benicia to Route 80 in Vallejo."
30. ^ I-680 Smart Lane
31. ^ California Department of Transportation, All Traffic Volumes on CSHS, 2005 and 2006
32. ^ California Department of Transportation, California Numbered Exit Uniform System, I-680 Northbound and I-680 Southbound, Retrieved on 2009-02-08.

External links

• California Highways: Interstate 680