National Anthem of Russia

Государственный гимн Российской Федерации

English: National Anthem of the Russian Federation
Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
Performance of the Hymn of the Russian Federation by the Presidential Orchestra and Kremlin Choir at the inauguration of President Dmitry Medvedev at The Kremlin on 7 May 2008
National anthem of  Russia
Lyrics	Sergey Mikhalkov, 2000
Music	Alexander Alexandrov, 1939
Adopted	25 December 2000 (music)[1] 30 December 2000 (lyrics)[2]
Music sample
Hymn of the Russian Federation (Instrumental) Performance of "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" at the inauguration of Russian President Vladimir Putin on 7 May 2000 With the impending collapse of the Soviet Union in early 1990, a new national anthem was needed to help define the reorganized nation and to reject the Soviet past.[34][35] The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, Boris Yeltsin, was advised to revive "God Save The Tsar" with modifications to the lyrics. However, he instead selected a piece composed by Mikhail Glinka. The piece, known as "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya", was a wordless piano composition discovered after Glinka's death. "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" was performed in front of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on 23 November 1990.[36] The song was decreed by the Supreme Soviet to be the new Russian anthem that same day.[4] Between 1990 and 1993, many votes were called for in the State Duma to make "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" the official anthem of Russia. However, it faced stiff opposition from members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, who wanted the Soviet anthem restored.[36] Constitutionally, the state symbols of Russia are an anthem, flag and coat of arms. According to Article 70 of the Constitution, these state symbols required further definition by future legislation.[37] As it was a constitutional matter, it had to be passed by a two-thirds majority in the Duma.[38] Yeltsin, then President of the Russian Federation, eventually issued a decree on 11 December 1993, making "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" the official anthem for Russia.[30][39] Call for lyrics When "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" was used as the national anthem, it never had official lyrics.[40] The anthem struck a positive chord because it did not contain elements from the Soviet past, and because the public considered Glinka to be a patriot and a true Russian.[36] However, the lack of lyrics doomed "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya".[41] Various attempts were made to compose lyrics for the anthem, including a contest that allowed any Russian citizen to participate. A committee set up by the government looked at over 6000 entries, and 20 were recorded by an orchestra for a final vote.[42] The eventual winner was Viktor Radugin's "Be glorious, Russia" (Славься, Россия! ("Slavsya, Rossiya!)).[43] However, none of the lyrics were officially adopted by Yeltsin or the Russian government. One of the reasons that partially explained the lack of lyrics was the original use of Glinka's composition: the praise of the Tsar and of the Russian Orthodox Church.[44] Other complaints raised about the song were that it was hard to remember, uninspiring, and musically complicated.[45] It was one of the few national anthems that lacked official lyrics during this period.[46] The only other wordless national anthems in the period from 1990 to 2000 were "My Belarusy" of Belarus[47] (until 2002),[48] "Marcha Real" of Spain,[49] and "Intermezzo" of Bosnia and Herzegovina[50] (until 2009).[51] Modern adoption The official arrangement of the Russian anthem completed in 2001 The anthem debate intensified in October 2000 when Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, was approached by Russian athletes who were concerned that they had no words to sing for the anthem during the medal ceremonies at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. Putin brought public attention to the issue and put it before the State Council.[45] CNN also reported that members of the Spartak Moscow football club complained that the wordless anthem "affected their morale and performance".[52] Two years earlier, during the 1998 World Cup, members of the Russian team commented that the wordless anthem failed to inspire "great patriotic effort".[40] In a November session of the Federation Council, Putin stated that establishing the national symbols (anthem, flag and coat of arms) should be a top priority for the country.[53] Putin pressed for the former Soviet anthem to be selected as the new Russian anthem, but strongly suggested that new lyrics be written. He did not say how much of the old Soviet lyrics should be retained for the new anthem.[40] Putin submitted the bill "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation" to the Duma for their consideration on 4 December.[42] The Duma voted 381–51–1 in favor of adopting Alexandrov's music as the national anthem on 8 December 2000.[54] Following the vote, a committee was formed and tasked with exploring lyrics for the national anthem. After receiving over 6,000 manuscripts from all sectors of Russian society,[55] the committee selected lyrics by Mikhalkov for the anthem.[42] Before the official adoption of the lyrics, the Kremlin released a section of the anthem, which made a reference to the flag and coat of arms: Its mighty wings spread above us The Russian eagle is hovering high The Motherland’s tricolor symbol Is leading Russia’s peoples to victory —Kremlin source, [56] Instrumental performance of the Russian national anthem at the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade in Moscow's Red Square, resplendent with a 21 gun salute The above lines were omitted from the final version of the lyrics. After the bill was approved by the Federation Council on 20 December,[57] "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation" was signed into law by President Putin on 25 December, officially making Alexandrov's music the national anthem of Russia. The law was published two days later in the official government journal Rossiyskaya Gazeta.[58] The new anthem was first performed on 30 December, during a ceremony at the Great Kremlin Palace in Moscow at which Mikhalkov's lyrics were officially made part of the national anthem.[59][60] Not everyone agreed with the adoption of the new anthem. Yeltsin argued that Putin should not have changed the anthem merely to "follow blindly the mood of the people".[61] Yeltsin also felt that the restoration of the Soviet anthem was part of a move to reject post-communist reforms that had taken place since Russian independence and the fall of the Soviet Union.[41] This was one of Yeltsin's few public criticisms of Putin.[62] The liberal political party Yabloko stated that the re-adoption of the Soviet anthem "deepened the schism in [Russian] society".[61] The Soviet anthem was supported by the Communist Party and by Putin himself. The other national symbols used by Russia in 1990, the white-blue-red flag and the double-headed eagle coat of arms, were also given legal approval by Putin in December, thus ending the debate over the national symbols.[63] After all of the symbols were adopted, Putin said on television that this move was needed to heal Russia's past and to fuse the short period of the Soviet Union with Russia's long history. He also stated that, while Russia's march towards democracy would not be stopped,[64] the rejection of the Soviet era would have left the lives of their mothers and fathers bereft of meaning.[65] It took some time for the Russian people to familiarize themselves with the anthem's lyrics; athletes were only able to hum along with the anthem during the medal ceremonies at the 2002 Winter Olympics.[41] Public perception A 2001 stamp released by Russian Post with the lyrics of the new anthem The Russian national anthem is set to the melody of the Soviet anthem (used since 1944). As a result, there have been several controversies related to its use. For instance, some—including cellist Mstislav Rostropovich—have vowed not to stand during the anthem.[66][67] Russian cultural figures and government officials were also troubled by Putin's restoration of the Soviet anthem. A former adviser to both Yeltsin and Gorbachev stated that, when "Stalin's hymn" was used as the national anthem of the Soviet Union, millions were executed and other horrific crimes took place.[67] At the 2007 funeral of Boris Yeltsin, the Russian anthem was played as his coffin was laid to rest at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.[62] While it was common to hear the anthem during state funerals for Soviet civil and military officials,[68] honored citizens of the nation,[69] and Soviet leaders, as was the case for Alexei Kosygin, Leonid Brezhnev,[70] Yuri Andropov[71] and Konstantin Chernenko,[72] writing in the Daily Telegraph Boris Berezovsky felt that playing the anthem at Yeltsin's funeral "abused the man who brought freedom" to the Russian people.[73] The Russian government's states that the "solemn music and poetic work" of the anthem, despite its history, is a symbol of unity for the Russian people. Mikhalkov's words evoke "feelings of patriotism, respect for the history of the country and its system of government."[58] In a 2009 poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center and publicized just two days before Russia's flag day (22 August), 56% of respondents stated that they felt proud when hearing the national anthem. However, only 39% could recall the words of the first line of the anthem. This was an increase from 33% in 2007. According to the survey, between 34 and 36% could not identify the anthem's first line. Overall, only 25% of respondents said they liked the anthem.[6] In the previous year, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center found out that 56% of Russians felt pride and admiration at the anthem, even though only 40% (up from 19% in 2004) knew the first words of the anthem. It was also noted in the survey that the younger generation was the most familiar with the words.[6] In September 2009, a line from the lyrics used during Stalin's rule reappeared at the Moscow Metro station Kurskaya-Koltsevaya: "Stalin reared us on loyalty to the people. He inspired us to labor and heroism." While groups have threatened legal action to reverse the re-addition of this phrase on a stone banner at the vestibule’s rotunda, it was part of the original design of Kurskaya station and had been removed during de-Stalinization. Most of the commentary surrounding this event focused on the Kremlin's attempt to "rehabilitate the image" of Stalin by using symbolism sympathetic to or created by him.[74] The Communist Party strongly supported the restoration of Alexandrov's melody, but some members proposed other changes to the anthem. In March 2010, Boris Kashin, a CPRF member of the Duma, advocated for the removal of any reference to God in the anthem. Kashin's suggestion was also supported by Alexander Nikonov, a journalist with SPID-INFO and an avowed atheist. Nikonov's argued that religion should be a private matter and should not be used by the state.[75] Kashin found that the cost for making a new anthem recording will be about 120,000 rubles. The Russian Government quickly rejected the request because it lacked statistical data and other findings.[76] Nikonov asked the Constitutional Court of Russia in 2005 if the lyrics are compatible with Russian law.[75] Regulations Federal law of 25 December 2000 on the national anthem of Russia Regulations for the performance of the national anthem are set forth in the law signed by President Putin on 25 December 2000. While a performance of the anthem may include only music, only words, or a combination of both, the anthem must be performed using the official music and words prescribed by law. Once a performance has been recorded, it may be used for any purpose, such as in a radio or television broadcast. The anthem may be played for solemn or celebratory occasions, such as the annual Victory Day parade in Moscow,[77] or the funerals of heads of state and other significant figures. When asked about playing the anthem during the Victory Day parades, Defense Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov stated that because of the acoustics of the Red Square, only an orchestra would be used because voices would be swallowed by the echo.[78] The anthem is mandatory at the swearing-in of the President of Russia, for opening and closing sessions of the Duma and the Federation Council, and for official state ceremonies. It is played on television and radio at the beginning and end of the broadcast day. If programming is continuous, the anthem is played once at 0600 hours and again at midnight. The anthem is also played on New Years Eve after a speech by the President. It is played at sporting events in Russia and abroad, according to the protocol of the organization that is hosting the games. When the anthem is played, all headgear must be removed and all those in attendance must face the Russian flag, if it is present. Those who are in uniform must give a military salute when the anthem plays.[1] The anthem is performed in 4/4 (common time) or in 2/4 (half time) in the key of C major, and has a tempo of 76 beats per minute. Using either time signature, the anthem must be played in a festive and quick tempo (Торжественно and Распевно in Russian). The government has released different notations for orchestras, brass bands and wind bands.[79][80] According to Russian copyright law, state symbols and signs are not protected by copyright.[81] As such, the anthem's music and lyrics may be used and modified freely. Although the law calls for the anthem to be performed respectfully and for performers to avoid causing offense, it defines no offensive acts or penalties.[1] Standing for the anthem is required by law but, again, the law gives no penalty for refusing to stand.[82] On one occasion in the summer of 2004, President Putin chastised the national football team for their behavior during the playing of the anthem. During the opening ceremonies of the 2004 European Football Championship, the team was caught on camera chewing gum during the Russian anthem. Through Leonid Tyagachev, then head of the Russian Olympic Committee, Putin told the team to stop chewing gum and to sing the anthem. Gennady Shvets, then the Russian Olympic Committee's press chief, denied being contacted by the Kremlin but said he was aware of displeasure with the players' behaviour.[83] Official lyrics Russian[2] Transliteration English translation[84] Россия – священная наша держава, Россия – любимая наша страна. Могучая воля, великая слава – Твоё достоянье на все времена! Chorus: Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Братских народов союз вековой, Предками данная мудрость народная! Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой! От южных морей до полярного края Раскинулись наши леса и поля. Одна ты на свете! Одна ты такая – Хранимая Богом родная земля! Chorus Широкий простор для мечты и для жизни Грядущие нам открывают года. Нам силу даёт наша верность Отчизне. Так было, так есть и так будет всегда! Chorus Rossiya – svyashchennaya nasha derzhava, Rossiya – lyubimaya nasha strana. Moguchaya volya, velikaya slava – Tvoyo dostoyanye na vse vremena! Chorus: Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye, Bratskikh narodov soyuz vekovoy, Predkami dannaya mudrost' narodnaya! Slav'sya, strana! My gordimsya toboy! Ot yuzhnykh morey do polyarnovo kraya Raskinulis' nashi lesa i polya. Odna ty na svete! Odna ty takaya – Khranimaya Bogom rodnaya zemlya! Chorus Shirokiy prostor dlya mechty i dlya zhizni. Gryadushchiye nam otkryvayut goda. Nam silu dayot nasha vernost' Otchizne. Tak bylo, tak yest' i tak budet vsegda! Chorus Russia – our holy nation, Russia – our beloved country. A mighty will, great glory – Yours given for all time! Chorus: Be glorious, our free Fatherland, Age-old union of fraternal peoples, National wisdom given by our forebears! Be glorious, our country! We are proud of you! From the southern seas to the polar lands Spread are our forests and fields. You are unique in the world, one of a kind – Native land protected by God! Chorus Wide spaces for dreams and for living Are opened for us by the coming years Our loyalty to our Fatherland gives us strength. Thus it was, thus it is and always will be! Chorus References Notes ^ a b c Federal Constitutional Law on the National Anthem of the Russian Federation ^ a b Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 30.12.2000 N 2110 ^ "Russia - National Anthem of the Russian Federation". NationalAnthems.me. http://nationalanthems.me/russia-national-anthem-of-the-russian-federation/. Retrieved 2011-11-23.  ^ a b Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of 23 November 1990 "On the National Antem of the Russian SFSR ^ Ukase of the President of the Russian Federation from 11 December 1993 "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation ^ a b c "RUSSIAN STATE SYMBOLS: KNOWLEDGE & FEELINGS". Russian Public Opinion Research Center. 2009-08-27. http://wciom.com/archives/thematic-archive/info-material/single/12337.html. Retrieved 2010-12-25.  ^ Голованова 2003, pp. 138 ^ Bohlman 2004, pp. 157 ^ Голованова 2003, pp. 127–130 ^ Wortman 2006, pp. 158–160 ^ Studwell 1996, pp. 75 ^ a b Stites 1991, pp. 87 ^ Gasparov 2005, pp. 209–210 ^ Figes 1999, pp. 62–63 ^ Volkov 2008, pp. 34 ^ a b Fey 2005, pp. 139 ^ a b c Shostakovich 2002, pp. 261–262 ^ Haynes 2003, pp. 70 ^ Kubik 1994, pp. 48 ^ "List of Works". Virtual Museum of Aram Khachaturian. “Aram Khachaturian” International Enlightenment-Cultural Association. http://www.khachaturian.am/eng/works/music.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-18.  ^ Sandved 1963, pp. 690 ^ Константинов, С. (2001-06-30). "Гимн — дело серьёзное" (in Russian). Nezavisimaya Gazeta.  ^ "National Anthem". Government of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica. http://pridnestrovie.net/nationalanthem.html. Retrieved 2010-07-18.  ^ "Гимн СССР написан в XIX веке Василием Калинниковым и Робертом Шуманом" (in (Russian)). Лента.Ру (Rambler Media Group). 2000-12-08. http://lenta.ru/russia/2000/12/08/shuman/. Retrieved 2009-12-18.  ^ Резепов, Олег (2000-12-08). "Выступление Бориса Грызлова при обсуждении законопроекта о государственной символике Российской Федерации" (in (Russian)). http://referendym.narod.ru/gryzlov.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-18.  ^ Montefiore 2005, pp. 460–461 ^ Volkov, Solomon (2000-12-16). "Stalin's Best Tune". 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CNN.com (CNN). 2000-12-30. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/12/30/russia.anthem/. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11.12.93 N 2127 ^ a b c Franklin 2004, pp. 116 ^ a b c Sakwa 2008, pp. 224 ^ a b c "National Anthem". Russia's State Symbols. RIA Novosti. 2007-06-07. http://en.rian.ru/symbols/20070607/66606928.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ Владимирова, Бориса (2002-01-23). "Неудавшийся гимн: Имя страны – Россия! [Unsuccessful Anthem: Our State — Russia!]" (in (Russian)). Московской правде. http://www.hymn.ru/anthem-russia-1991-proj-slavsya-russia.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ Graubard 1998, pp. 131 ^ a b Zolotov, Andrei (2000-12-01). "Russian Orthodox Church Approves as Putin Decides to Sing to a Soviet Tune". Christianity Today Magazine (Christianity Today International). http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/decemberweb-only/57.0.html. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Waxman 1998, pp. 170 ^ Korosteleva 2002, pp. 118 ^ "Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г. "Аб Дзяржаўным гімне Рэспублікі Беларусь" [Decree No. 350 of July 2nd, 2002 "On the National Anthem of the Republic of Belarus"]" (in Belarusian). Указу Прэзiдэнта Рэспублiкi Беларусь. Пресс-служба Президента Республики Беларусь. 2002-07-02. http://www.president.gov.by/press15629.html. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Spain: National Symbols: National Anthem". Spain Today. Government of Spain. http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/ElEstado/Simbolos/el_himno.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Himna Bosne i Hercegovine" (in Bosnian). Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova Bosne i Hercegovine. 2001. http://www.mpr.gov.ba/hr/str.asp?id=375. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Prijedlog teksta himne BiH utvrdilo Vijeće ministara BiH [Proposed text of the Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina is sent to the Council of Ministers]" (in Croatian). Ministarstvo pravde Bosne i Hercegovine. 2009-06-04. http://www.mpr.gov.ba/hr/str.asp?id=375. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Duma approves old Soviet anthem". CNN.com (CNN). 2000-12-08. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/12/08/russia.anthem/. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Shevtsova 2005, pp. 123 ^ "Russian Duma Approves National Anthem Bill". People's Daily Online (People's Daily). 2000-12-08. http://english.people.com.cn/english/200012/08/eng20001208_57318.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ "Guide to Russia – National Anthem of the Russian Federation". Russia Today. Strana.ru. 2002-09-18. http://russiatoday.strana.ru/en/profile/sym/anth/. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ Shukshin, Andrei (2000-11-30). "Putin Sings Praises of Old-New Russian Anthem". ABC News (American Broadcasting Company): p. 2. http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=82024&page=2. Retrieved 2009-12-18.  ^ Голованова 2003, pp. 152 ^ a b "Государственный гимн России" (in (Russian)). Администрация Приморского края. http://www.primorsky.ru/content/?a=255&s=440. Retrieved 2009-12-22.  ^ "State Insignia -The National Anthem". President of the Russian Federation. http://2004.kremlin.ru/eng/articles/State_insignia.shtml. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Russia Unveils New National Anthem Joining the Old Soviet Tune to the Older, Unsoviet God". The New York Times. 2000-12-31. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/31/world/russia-unveils-new-national-anthem-joining-old-soviet-tune-older-unsoviet-god.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ a b "Duma approves Soviet anthem". BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). 2000-12-08. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1060975.stm. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ a b Blomfield, Adrian (2007-04-26). "In death, Yeltsin scorns symbols of Soviet era". Telegraph.co.uk (Telegraph Media Group Limited). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1549789/In-death-Yeltsin-scorns-symbols-of-Soviet-era.html. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Bova 2003, pp. 24 ^ Nichols 2001, pp. 158 ^ Hunter 2004, pp. 195 ^ "Yeltsin "Categorically Against" Restoring Soviet Anthem". Monitor 6 (228). 2000-12-07.  ^ a b Banerji 2008, pp. 275–276 ^ "Last Honors Paid Marshal Shaposhnikov". USSR Information Bulletin (Embassy of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics) 5: 5. 1945. http://books.google.com/?id=OAErAAAAMAAJ&q=Soviet+funeral+anthem&dq=Soviet+funeral+anthem&cd=6. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Condee 1995, pp. 44 ^ Scoon 2003, pp. 77 ^ Studies, Joint Committee on Slavic; Societies, American Council of Learned; ), Social Science Research Council (U.S; Studies, American Association for the Advancement of Slavic (1984). "Andropov Is Buried at the Kremlin Wall". The Current Digest of the Soviet Press (American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies) 36 (7): 9. http://books.google.com/?id=wKWyAAAAIAAJ&q=funeral+anthem+Andropov&dq=funeral+anthem+Andropov&cd=1. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ "Soviets: Ending an Era of Drift". Time (Time Magazine): p. 2. 1985-03-25. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964112-2,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Berezovsky, Boris (2007-05-15). "Why modern Russia is a state of denial". Telegraph.co.uk (Telegraph Media Group Limited). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3639898/Why-modern-Russia-is-a-state-of-denial.html. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  ^ Osborn, Andrew (2009-09-05). "Josef Stalin 'returns' to Moscow metro". Telegraph.co.uk (Telegraph Media Group Limited). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/6140394/Josef-Stalin-returns-to-Moscow-metro.html. Retrieved 2009-12-21.  ^ a b "Notorious journalist backs up the idea to take out word "God" from Russian anthem". Interfax-Religion (Interfax). 2010-03-30. http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=7085. Retrieved 2010-04-02.  ^ "God Beats Communists in Russian National Anthem". Komsomolskaya Pravda (PRAVDA.Ru). 2010-03-30. http://english.pravda.ru/russia/kremlin/31-03-2010/112797-russia_anthem-0. Retrieved 2010-05-12.  ^ "Russia marks Victory Day with parade on Red Square". People's Daily (People's Daily Online). 2005-05-09. http://english.people.com.cn/200505/09/eng20050509_184145.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ "Defence Minister Commands 'Onwards to Victory!'". Rossiiskaya Gazeta. 2009-05-07. http://government.gov.ru/eng/smi/press/381/. Retrieved 2010-03-31.  ^ "Гимн Российской Федерации" (in (Russian)). Official Site of the President of Russia. 2009. http://flag.kremlin.ru/gimn/. Retrieved 2010-01-18.  ^ "Музыкальная редакция: Государственного гимна Российской Федерации [Musical Notation — National Anthem of the Russian Federation]" (in (Russian)). Government of the Russian Federation. 2000. http://www.gov.ru/main/symbols/gsrf4_2.html. Retrieved 2010-01-18.  ^ Part IV of Civil Code No. 230-FZ of the Russian Federation. Article 1259. Objects of Copyright ^ Shevtsova 2005, pp. 144 ^ "Putin: Stop chewing, start singing". Daily Mail Online (Associated Newspapers Ltd). 2004-07-28. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-311928/Putin-Stop-chewing-start-singing.html. Retrieved 2009-12-20.  ^ "State Symbols of the Russian Federation". Consulate-General of the Russian Federation in Montreal, Canada. http://www.montreal.mid.ru/inf_symb_e.html. Retrieved 2010-03-31.  Bibliography Banerji, Arup (2008). Writing History in the Soviet Union: Making the Past Work. Berghahn Books. ISBN 81-87358-37-8. http://books.google.com/?id=NqJS-H-odnYC&pg=PA275&dq=Russian+anthem+Stalin&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem%20Stalin.  Bohlman, Philip Vilas (2004). The Music of European Nationalism: Cultural Identity and Modern History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-363-2. http://books.google.com/?id=fkQf7k2OaDcC&pg=PT190&dq=Russian+anthem&cd=17#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem.  Bova, Russell (2003). Russia and Western Civilization. M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-0977-9. http://books.google.com/?id=aNle8DgD8DoC&pg=PA24&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=2#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics.  Brackman, Roman (2000). The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5050-0. http://books.google.com/?id=zQL8POkFGIQC&pg=RA1-PA412&dq=Stalin+1961+remains&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Stalin%201961%20remains.  Condee, Nancy (1995). Soviet Hieroglyphics: Visual Culture in Late Twentieth-Century Russia. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31402-X. http://books.google.com/?id=e4rp6o7BRHwC&pg=PA44&dq=russian+anthem&cd=21#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem.  Fey, Laurel E. (2005). Shostakovich: A Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518251-4. http://books.google.com/?id=UbBAFDCmeEQC&pg=PA139&dq=Alexandrov+anthem&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Alexandrov%20anthem.  Figes, Orlando; Boris Kolonitskii (1999). Interpreting the Russian Revolution: the language and symbols of 1917. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08106-0. http://books.google.com/?id=R1JSwqQh2NkC&pg=PA62&dq=Worker%27s+Marseillaise&cd=3#v=onepage&q=.  Franklin, Simon; Emma Widdis, Hubertus Jahn, Anthony Cross, Marina Frolova-Walker, Boris Gasparov, Catriona Kelly, Lindsey Hughes, Stephanie Sandler (2004). National identity in Russian culture: an introduction. University of Cambridge Press. ISBN 0-521-83926-2. http://books.google.com/?id=_8PXbF0Ig6oC&pg=PA116&dq=Russian+anthem&cd=5#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem.  Gasparov, Boris (2005). Five Operas and a Symphony: Word and Music in Russian Culture. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10650-3. http://books.google.com/?id=vd3mfbc0fXYC&pg=PA209&dq=Internationale+Kots&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Internationale%20Kots.  Голованова, М. П.; В. С. Шергин (2003). Государственные символы России (State Symbols of Russia). Росмэн-Пресс. ISBN 5-353-01286-0.  (Russian) Graubard, Stephen (1998). "Ethnic National in the Russian Federation". A New Europe for the Old? (Transaction Publishers) 126 (3). ISBN 0765804654. http://books.google.com/?id=omTot25fpkcC&pg=PA131&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=3#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics. Retrieved 2009-12-19.  Haynes, John (2003). New Soviet Man. Manchester, United Kingdom: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-6238-1. http://books.google.com/?id=D-2C_CjeK7MC&pg=PA70&dq=Zhit%27+stalo+luchshe&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Zhit%27%20stalo%20luchshe.  Hunter, Shireen (2004). Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security. M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1283-0. http://books.google.com/?id=hVhHGJkfZDoC&pg=PA195&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=10#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics.  Ioffe, Olimpiad Solomonovich (1988). "Chapter IV: Law of Creative Activity". Soviet Civil Law (BRILL) 36 (36). ISBN 9024736765. http://books.google.com/?id=cO7NCIjgM1AC&pg=PA331&dq=Mikhalkov+anthem&cd=23#v=onepage&q=Mikhalkov%20anthem. Retrieved 2009-12-18.  Keep, John; Alter Litvin (2004). Stalinism: Russian and Western Views at the Turn of the Millennium. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35109-6. http://books.google.com/?id=1Tit-GaKIqoC&pg=PA41&dq=Mikhalkov+anthem&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Mikhalkov%20anthem.  Korosteleva, Elena; Colin Lawson, Rosalind Marsh (2002). Contemporary Belarus Between Democracy and Dictatorship. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1613-5. http://books.google.com/?id=HsKgFnYibVEC&pg=PT136&dq=Belarus+anthem&cd=29#v=onepage&q=Belarus%20anthem.  Kubik, Jan (1994). The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-01084-7. http://books.google.com/?id=5VzX_0glK7EC&pg=PA48&dq=Zhit%27+stalo+luchshe&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Zhit%27%20stalo%20luchshe.  Kuhlmann, Jurgen (2003). Military and Society in 21st Century Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Lit Verlag. ISBN 3-8258-4449-8. http://books.google.com/?id=WL3r3djAZVUC&pg=PA162&dq=anthem+russia+reject&q.  Montefiore, Simon (2005). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-7678-9. http://books.google.com/?id=f-HerzgvxssC&pg=PA459&dq=Mikhalkov+anthem&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Mikhalkov%20anthem.  Nichols, Thomas (2001). The Russian Presidency: Society and Politics in the Second Russian Republic. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. ISBN 0-312-29337-2. http://books.google.com/?id=gcsgcDiQ384C&pg=PA158&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=13#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics.  Sandved, Kjell Bloch (1963). The World of Music, Volume 2. Abradale Press. http://books.google.com/?id=T_meAAAAMAAJ&q=Khachaturian+anthem&dq=Khachaturian+anthem&cd=12.  Sakwa, Richard (2008). Russian Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41528-6. http://books.google.com/?id=q-GgI755g3oC&pg=PT244&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=9#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics.  Scoon, Paul (2003). Survival for Service: My Experiences as Governor General of Grenada. Macmillan Caribbean. ISBN 0-333-97064-0. http://books.google.com/?id=Dgp7AAAAMAAJ&q=Brezhnev+funeral+anthem&dq=Brezhnev+funeral+anthem&cd=8.  Service, Robert (2006). Russia: Experiment with a People. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02108-8. http://books.google.com/?id=AsaTLGioFeMC&pg=PA198&dq=Alexandrov+anthem&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Alexandrov%20anthem.  Shevtsova, Lilia (2005). Putin's Russia. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. ISBN 0-87003-213-5. http://books.google.com/?id=l-1mIBMVZ_UC&pg=PT139&dq=Russian+anthem&cd=23#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem.  Shostakovich, Dimitri; Solomon Volkov (2002). Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich. Limelight Editions. ISBN 978-0-87910-998-1. http://books.google.com/?id=GEApb54v-s4C&pg=PA259&dq=Alexandrov+anthem&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Alexandrov%20anthem.  Соболева, Надежда; А. Н Казакевич (2006). Символы и святыни Российской державы [The Symbols and Shrines of Russian Power]. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. ISBN 5-373-00604-1. http://books.google.com/?id=BC5rYGeCw0QC&pg=RA3-PA1950&dq=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F&cd=3#v=onepage&q=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F.  (Russian) Stites, Richard (1991). Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505537-3. http://books.google.com/?id=x1wmOKZD8UQC&pg=PA87&dq=Worker%27s+Marseillaise&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Worker%27s%20Marseillaise.  Studwell, William Emmett (1996). The National and Religious Song Reader: Patriotic, Traditional, and Sacred Songs from Around the World. Routledge. ISBN 0-7890-0099-7. http://books.google.com/?id=jMQcncuUp8kC&pg=PA75&dq=Russian+anthem+God+the+Omnipotent&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem%20God%20the%20Omnipotent.  Volkov, Solomon; Antonina W. Bouis (2008). The Magical Chorus: A History of Russian Culture from Tolstoy to Solzhenitsyn. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-4272-2. http://books.google.com/?id=8n5ASy3eedQC&pg=PA34&dq=Russian+anthem+1944&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem%201944.  Wesson, Robert (1978). Lenin's Legacy. Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-6922-6. http://books.google.com/?id=ppA1WjqExRwC&pg=PA265&dq=anthem+1953+Stalin&cd=25#v=onepage&q=anthem%201953%20Stalin.  Waxman, Mordecai; Tseviyah Ben-Yosef Ginor, Zvia Ginor (1998). Yakar le'Mordecai. KTAV Publishing House. ISBN 0-88125-632-3. http://books.google.com/?id=CrO7PKZs-AgC&pg=PA170&dq=russian+anthem+lyrics&cd=14#v=onepage&q=russian%20anthem%20lyrics.  Wortman, Richard (2006). Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy from Peter the Great to the Abdication of Nicholas II. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12374-5. http://books.google.com/?id=3tYSrNhi3k4C&pg=PA159&dq=Russian+anthem&cd=22#v=onepage&q=Russian%20anthem.  Legislation Правительство Российской Федерации. Указ Президента РФ от 11.12.93 N 2127 "О Государственном гимне Российской Федерации" [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 11.12.1993, Number 2127 "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation"]. (Russian). Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation – About the National Anthem of the Russian Federation; 2000-12-25 [cited 2009-12-20]. Kremlin.ru. Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 30.12.2000 N 2110 [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2000]; 2000-12-30 [cited 2009-12-20]. (Russian). Правительство Российской Федерации. Part IV of Civil Code No. 230-FZ of the Russian Federation. Article 1259. Objects of Copyright; 2006-12-18 [cited 2009-12-20]. (Russian). External links (Russian) Government of Russia's website on the national symbols (Russian) President of Russia State Insignia – National Anthem Russian Anthems museum – an extensive collection of audio recordings including some 30 recordings of the current anthem and recordings of other works mentioned in this article Haunting Europe – an overview, with audio, of the history of the Russian and Soviet national anthems throughout the twentieth century Streaming audio, lyrics and information about the National Anthem of Russia Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат Bunny hop Zhang Chongren Look at other dictionaries: National Anthem of the Soviet Union — Государственный гимн СССР English: The National Anthem of the Soviet Union Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR Flag of the Soviet Union …   Wikipedia National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic — Шунды сиос ӝуато палэзез English: National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic Regional anthem of Udmurt Republic Lyrics T. G. Vladikin / A. A. 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