Ron Paul

Ron Paul
This article is about the man and his life in general. For details and news related to his ongoing 2012 presidential campaign, see Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012.
Ron Paul
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 14th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 1997
Preceded by Greg Laughlin
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 22nd district
In office
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985
Preceded by Robert Gammage
Succeeded by Tom DeLay
In office
April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977
Preceded by Robert R. Casey
Succeeded by Robert Gammage
Personal details
Born Ronald Ernest Paul
August 20, 1935 (1935-08-20) (age 76)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Political party Republican (1976–1988)
Libertarian (1988 Presidential Election)
Republican (1988–present)
Spouse(s) Carolyn "Carol" Paul
Children Ronald "Ronnie" Paul, Jr.
Lori Paul Pyeatt
Randal "Rand" Paul
Robert Paul
Joy Paul-LeBlanc
Residence Lake Jackson, Texas
Alma mater Gettysburg College (B.S.)
Duke University (M.D.)
Profession Physician, Politician
Religion Christian (Baptist)[1]
Signature
Website U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul
2012 Presidential Campaign
Military service
Service/branch United States Air Force
United States Air National Guard
Years of service 1963–1965
1965–1968
Rank Captain[2]
This article is part of a series about
Ron Paul

Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American physician, author and United States Congressman who is seeking to be the Republican Party candidate in the 2012 presidential election. Paul represents Texas's 14th congressional district, which covers an area south and southwest of Houston that includes Galveston. Paul serves on the House Committees on Foreign Affairs and Financial Services, and on the Joint Economic Committee. He is the chairman of the Financial Services Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology, where he has been an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policy.

A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his medical degree. He served as a flight surgeon in the United States Air Force from 1963 until 1968. He worked as an obstetrician and gynecologist during the 1960s and 1970s, delivering more than 4,000 babies, before entering politics during 1976.

Paul is the initiator of the advocacy group Campaign for Liberty and his ideas have been expressed in numerous published articles and books, including Liberty Defined: 50 Essential Issues That Affect Our Freedom (2011), End The Fed (2009), The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008), Pillars of Prosperity (2008), A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship (2007), and The Case for Gold (1982). According to University of Georgia political scientist Keith Poole, Paul had the most conservative voting record of any member of Congress since 1937.[3] His son Rand Paul was elected to the United States Senate for Kentucky in 2010, making the elder Paul the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child of his in the Senate.[4]

Paul has been termed the "intellectual godfather" of the Tea Party movement.[5][6] He has become well known for his libertarian ideas for many political issues, often differing from both Republican and Democratic Party stances. Paul has campaigned for President of the United States twice before, first during 1988 as the nominee of the Libertarian Party and again during 2008 as a candidate for the Republican nomination. On May 13, 2011, he announced formally that he would campaign again during 2012 for the Republican presidential nomination. On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would not seek another term in Congress in order to concentrate on his presidential bid.[7]

Contents

Personal life and medical career

Paul was born in Pittsburgh, the son of Howard Caspar Paul and Margaret (née Dumont) Paul. His paternal great-grandparents emigrated from Germany, and his mother was of German and Irish ancestry.[8][9] As a junior at suburban Dormont High School, he was the 220-yard dash state champion.[10] He received a B.S. degree in biology at Gettysburg College during 1957. He was a member of the fraternity Lambda Chi Alpha.[10] After earning a Doctor of Medicine degree from the Duke University School of Medicine during 1961, Paul relocated with his wife to Michigan, where he completed his medical internship at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. He then served as a flight surgeon in the United States Air Force from 1963 to 1965 and then in the United States Air National Guard from 1965 to 1968.[11]

During 1968, Paul and his wife relocated to Texas, where he continued his medical work. Trained in obstetrics and gynaecology, Paul then began his own private practice.[12]

Paul has been married to Carol Wells since 1957.[13] They have five children, who were baptized Episcopalian:[14] Ronald, Lori, Rand, Robert, and Joy. Paul's son Rand is the junior senator from the state of Kentucky. Raised a Lutheran, Paul later became a Baptist.[15]

As a physician, Paul routinely lowered fees or worked for free and refused to accept Medicaid or Medicare payments.[16][17] As a member of Congress, he continues to refuse to sign up for the government pension that he would be entitled to in order to avoid receiving government money, saying it would be "hypocritical and immoral."[18]

Early congressional career

While still a medical resident during the 1960s, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom, which caused him to read many publications by Ludwig von Mises and Ayn Rand. He came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits to them his interest in the study of economics. He came to believe that what the Austrian school economists wrote was becoming true on August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon "closed the gold window" by implementing the U.S. dollar's complete departure from the gold standard.[19] That same day, the young physician decided to enter politics, saying later, "After that day, all money would be political money rather than money of real value. I was astounded."[20]

First campaigns

Inspired by his belief that the monetary crisis of the 1970s was predicted by the Austrian School and caused by excessive government spending on the Vietnam War[21] and welfare,[22] Paul became a delegate to the Texas Republican convention and a Republican candidate for the United States Congress. During 1974, incumbent Robert R. Casey defeated him for the 22nd district. When President Gerald Ford appointed Casey to direct the Federal Maritime Commission, Paul won an April 1976 special election to the vacant office.[23] Paul lost some months later in the general election, to Democrat Robert Gammage, by fewer than 300 votes (0.2%), but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch, and was reelected during 1980 and 1982.

Paul was the first Republican representative from the area; he also headed the Texas Reagan delegation at the national Republican convention.[24] His successful campaign against Gammage surprised local Democrats, who had expected to retain the seat easily due to the Watergate scandal. Gammage underestimated Paul's popularity among local mothers: "I had real difficulty down in Brazoria County, where he practiced, because he'd delivered half the babies in the county. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and the other one was his partner."[25]

House of Representatives

He has served in Congress three different periods totaling 12 two-year terms: first from 1976–77, after he won a special election, then from 1979–85 and finally from 1997 to today. On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would not seek re-election to the House in order to pursue the 2012 presidential election.[26][27] Paul proposed term-limit legislation multiple times, first in the 1970s while serving four terms in the House of Representatives[28] where he also declined to attend junkets or register for a Congressional pension.[29] His chief of staff (1978–1982) was Lew Rockwell.[30] During 1980, when a majority of Republicans favored President Jimmy Carter's proposal to reinstate draft registration, Paul argued that their views were inconsistent, stating they were more interested in registering their children than they were their guns.[28] He also proposed legislation to decrease Congressional pay by the rate of inflation; he was a regular participant of the annual Congressional Baseball Game;[24] and he continued to deliver babies on Mondays and Saturdays during his entire 22nd district career.[20]

During his first term, Paul initiated a "think tank", the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE).[26] Also during 1976, the foundation began publication of the first monthly newsletter associated with Paul, Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report[31] (or Special Report). It also publishes radio advertisements, monographs, books, and (since 1997) a new series of the monthly newsletter, Ron Paul's Freedom Report, which promote the principles of limited government.

On the House Banking Committee, Paul blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation,[32] and spoke against the banking mismanagement that resulted in the savings and loan crisis.[14] The U.S. Gold Commission created by Congress during 1982 was his and Jesse Helms's idea, and Paul's commission minority report was published by the Cato Institute in The Case for Gold;[19] it is now available from the Ludwig von Mises Institute, to which Paul is a distinguished counselor.[33]

During 1984, Paul chose to campaign for the U.S. Senate instead of re-election to the House, but lost the Republican primary to Phil Gramm, who had switched parties the previous year from Democrat to Republican.[34] Another candidate of the senatorial primary was Henry Grover, a conservative former state legislator who had lost the 1972 gubernatorial general election to the Democrat Dolph Briscoe, Jr. Paul then resumed his full-time medical practice[32] and was succeeded by former state representative Tom DeLay.[35] In his House farewell address on September 19, 1984, Paul said, "Special interests have replaced the concern that the Founders had for general welfare. Vote trading is seen as good politics. The errand-boy mentality is ordinary, the defender of liberty is seen as bizarre. It's difficult for one who loves true liberty and utterly detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave a true cynic."[36][37] Paul submitted his resignation letter addressed to Frank Fahrenkopf, then chairman of the Republican National Committee.[38]

1988 presidential campaign

Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 1988

In the 1988 presidential election, Paul was on the ballot in 46 States as the Libertarian Party candidate.[39] Paul scored third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%).[40] Paul was kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch termed a "technicality".[41]

The Libertarian party was split between a Conservative and Liberal wing. Ron Paul represented the Conservative wing, which was successful in fundraising, while the Liberal wing claimed to have received ten times more (and more favorable) press coverage—which, some argued, was a hundred times more important. Nevertheless the nomination went to Paul. Ron Paul argued, “Pro-life libertarians have a vital task to perform: to persuade the many abortion-supporting libertarians of the contradiction between abortion and individual liberty; and to sever the mistaken connection in many minds between individual freedom and the ‘right’ to extinguish individual life.”[42][43]

According to Paul, his presidential campaign was about more than obtaining office; he sought to promote his libertarian ideas, often to school and university groups regardless of vote eligibility. He said, "We're just as interested in the future generation as this election. These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents."[39] He traveled the country for a year speaking about issues such as free market economics and the rising government deficits:[44] "That's why we talk to a lot of young people. They're the ones who are paying these bills, they're the ones who are inheriting this debt, so it's most likely these young people who will move into this next generation in government."[45]

After the election, Paul continued his medical practice until he returned to Congress.[14][46] He also co-owned a coin dealership, Ron Paul Coins, for twelve years with Burt Blumert, who continued to operate it after Paul resumed office.[47][48] He spoke multiple times at the American Numismatic Association's 1988 convention.[47] He worked with FREE on such projects as establishing the National Endowment for Liberty, producing the At Issue public policy series that was broadcast on Discovery Channel and CNBC,[26] and continuing publication of Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report.

Inter-congressional years

Ron Paul & Associates (RP&A), Inc. was initiated during 1984 by Paul, who served as President. Llewellyn H Rockwell Jr. served as Vice President, Ron Paul's wife Carol served as Secretary and Lori Pyeatt as Treasurer. The corporation was dissolved during 2001.[49][50][51][52] In 1985 Ron Paul & Associates began publishing The Ron Paul Investment Letter[53] and The Ron Paul Survival Report;[20][54] it added the more controversial Ron Paul Political Report during 1987.[55] Many articles lacked a byline, yet often invoked Paul's name or persona.

Paul resumed his private medical practice as well as taking part in other small business ventures. For 1992, RP&A earned $940,000 and employed Paul's family as well as Lew Rockwell (its vice-president[56] and occasional editor)[57] and seven other workers. Murray Rothbard and other libertarians believed Rockwell ghostwrote the newsletters for Paul;[56] Rockwell later acknowledged involvement in writing subscription letters, but attributed the newsletters to "seven or eight freelancers".[58]

Paul considered campaigning for President during 1992,[59] but instead chose to endorse Pat Buchanan that year, and served as an adviser to his Republican presidential campaign against incumbent President George H. W. Bush.[60]

Later congressional career

An earlier congressional portrait of Paul

Campaigns

For more details on this topic, see Texas's 14th congressional district.

1996 campaign

During 1996, Paul was re-elected to Congress after the most difficult campaign he had experienced since the 1970s. Because Republicans had gained control of both houses of Congress in the 1994 election, Paul entered the campaign hopeful that his Constitutionalist policies of tax reductions, terminating federal agencies, and curbing the U.N. would have more support than during the past.[61] The Republican National Committee emphasized instead encouragement of Democrats to switch parties, as Paul's primary opponent, incumbent Greg Laughlin, had done during 1995. The party endorsed Laughlin, including assistance from House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Texas Governor George W. Bush, and the National Rifle Association. Paul responded by running newspaper advertisements quoting Gingrich's harsh criticisms of Laughlin's Democratic voting record 14 months earlier.[29] Paul won the primary with assistance from baseball pitcher, constituent, and friend Nolan Ryan (as honorary campaign chair and advertisement spokesman), as well as tax activist Steve Forbes[14] and conservative commentator Pat Buchanan (both of whom had had presidential campaigns that year).

Paul's Democratic opponent in the autumn general election, trial lawyer Charles "Lefty" Morris, received assistance from the AFL-CIO, but Paul's wider contributor base out-raised Morris two-to-one, giving the third-highest amount of individual contributions received by any House member (behind Gingrich and Bob Dornan).[62] While Paul was able to describe Morris as a stooge of trial lawyers and big labor, Morris ran numerous advertisements about Paul's advocacy of federal drug law repeal.

Morris also accused Paul of authoring questionable statements in past newsletters,[20] some of which were characterized as racially charged.[63][64] Paul's congressional campaign countered the statements were taken out of context.[65] and that voters might not understand the "tongue-in-cheek, academic" quotes out of context. Further, the campaign rejected Morris' demand to release all back issues.

Paul won the election by a close margin. It became the third time Paul had been elected to Congress as a non-incumbent.[14] Upon his returning to Washington, Paul quickly discovered "there was no sincere effort" by Republicans toward their declared goal of small government.[22]

Later campaigns

During 1998 and again during 2000, Paul defeated Loy Sneary, a Democratic Bay City, Texas, rice farmer and former Matagorda County judge,[20] running advertisements warning voters to be "leery of" Sneary.[66] Paul accused Sneary of voting to increase his pay by 5%, increasing his travel allotment by 400% during one year, and using increased taxes to start a new government bureaucracy to administer a license plate fee he enacted. Sneary's aides said he had voted to increase all county employees' pay by five percent in a cost-of-living increase. Paul countered that he had never voted to increase Congressional pay.[61][67] In both campaigns, the national Democratic Party and major unions continued to spend much money against Paul.[20] Paul continued to refrain from congressional benefits and in 2009 was featured by CBS on Up to the Minute as one of two members of the U.S. Congress that had pledged not to receive a pension from the United States government. The other was Howard Coble of North Carolina.[68]

An online "grassroots" petition to draft Paul for the 2004 presidential election garnered several thousand signatures.[69] On December 11, 2001, he told political independents that he was encouraged by the fact that the petition had spread the message of Constitutionalism, but did not expect a White House win at that time.[70] Further prompting in early 2007 caused him to enter the 2008 presidential election campaign.

Unlike many political candidates, Paul receives the overwhelming majority of his campaign contributions from individuals[71] (97 percent during the 2006 cycle), and receives much less from political action committees (PAC's) than others, ranging from two percent (2002) to six percent (1998).[72] The group Clean Up Washington, analyzing from 2000 to mid-2006, listed Paul as seventh-lowest of PAC receipts of all House members; one of the lowest in lobbyist receipts; and fourth-highest in small-donor receipts.[73] He had the lowest PAC receipts percentage of all the 2008 Republican presidential candidates.[74][75]

Paul was re-elected to his tenth term in Congress during November 2006.[76] In the March 4, 2008, Republican primary for his Congressional seat,[77] he defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden,[78] obtaining over 70 percent of the vote.[79] On the 2008 ballot, Paul won his eleventh term in Congress running unopposed.[80] In the 2010 Republican primary for his Congressional seat, Paul defeated three opponents with 80 percent of the vote.[81]

Relationship with district

Paul represents Texas's 14th congressional district, which covers an area larger than the state of Massachusetts.

Paul's congressional district is larger than Massachusetts,[82] with 675 miles (1,086 km) of Gulf of Mexico coastline between Houston and Rockport, Texas, including some 22 counties. Paul opposes federally funded flood insurance. In a rural region known for ranching and rice farms,[19] Paul opposes farm subsidies.[83] Paul's devotion to reducing government is popular with 14th district voters:[20] in a survey, 54% of his constituency agreed with his goal of eliminating the U.S. Department of Education.[84]

Paul has added earmarks, such as for Texas shrimp promotion, but routinely votes against most spending bills returned by committee.[85][86][86][87] Paul compared his practice to objecting to the tax system yet taking all one's tax credits: "I want to get their money back for the people."[88] In The Revolution: A Manifesto, Paul says: "The real problem, and one that was unfortunately not addressed in the 2007's earmark dispute, is the size of the federal government and the amount of money we are spending in these appropriations bills. Cutting even a million dollars from an appropriations bill that spends hundreds of billions will make no appreciable difference in the size of government, which is doubtless why politicians and the media are so eager to have us waste our time on [earmarks]."[89]

Paul spends time in the district to compensate for "violat[ing] almost every rule of political survival you can think of,"[20] traveling more than 300 miles (480 km) daily[20] to attend civic ceremonies for veterans, graduates, and Boy Scouts, often accompanied by his grandchildren. His staff helps senior citizens obtain free or low-cost prescription drugs through a little-known drug company program; procures lost or unreceived medals for war veterans, holding dozens of medal ceremonies annually; is known for its effectiveness in tracing Social Security checks; and sends out birthday and condolence cards.[20][86]

During 2001, he was one of only eight doctors in the House of Representatives; even fewer had continued to practice while in office.[clarification needed] He is occasionally approached by younger area residents to thank him for attending and assisting their deliveries at birth.[20]

Legislation

Paul authors more bills than the average representative, such as those that impose term limits, or abolish the income tax[90] or the Federal Reserve; many do not escape committee review. He has written successful legislation to prevent eminent domain seizure of a church in New York, and a bill transferring ownership of the Lake Texana dam project from the federal government to Texas. By amending other legislation, he has helped prohibit funding for national identification numbers, funding for federal teacher certification,[20] International Criminal Court jurisdiction over the U.S. military, American participation with any U.N. global tax, and surveillance of peaceful First Amendment activities by citizens.[91]

During March 2001, Paul introduced a bill to repeal the 1973 War Powers Resolution (WPR) and reinstate the process of formal declaration of war by Congress.[92] Later during 2001, Paul voted to authorize the president, pursuant to WPR, to respond to those responsible for the September 11, 2001, attacks.[93] He also introduced "Sunlight Rule" legislation, which requires lawmakers to take enough time to read bills before voting on them,[94] after the Patriot Act was passed within 24 hours of its introduction. Paul was one of six Republicans to vote against the Iraq War Resolution, and (with Oregon representative Peter DeFazio) sponsored a resolution to repeal the war authorization during February 2003. Paul's speech, 35 "Questions That Won't Be Asked About Iraq,"[95] was translated and published in German, French, Russian, Italian, and Swiss periodicals before the Iraq War began.[86]

Paul says his fellow members of Congress have increased government spending by 75 percent during the presidency of George W. Bush.[96] After a 2005 bill was touted as "slashing" government waste, Paul wrote that it decreased spending by a fraction of one percent and that "Congress couldn't slash spending if the members' lives depended on it."[97] He said that during three years he had voted against more than 700 bills intended to expand government.[98]

Paul has introduced several bills to apply tax credits to education, including credits for parental spending on public, private, or homeschool students (Family Education Freedom Act); for salaries for all K–12 teachers, librarians, counselors, and other school personnel; and for donations to scholarships or to benefit academics (Education Improvement Tax Cut Act).[99] In accord with his political opinions, he has also introduced the Sanctity of Life Act, the We the People Act, and the American Freedom Agenda Act.[100]

During June 2011, Paul co-sponsored a bill with U.S. Representative Barney Frank that is intended to end the federal prohibition of marijuana.[101]

List of bills sponsored and cosponsored

Main article: List of legislation sponsored by Ron Paul

The following tables link to the Congressional Record hosted by the Library of Congress. All the specifics and actions done for each individual bill Ron Paul has either sponsored or cosponsored can be reviewed further there. "Original bills" and "Original amendments" indicate instances where Ron Paul had pledged to endorse the legislation at the time the bill was initially introduced rather than at some other phase of the legislative process of the bill.

Rep. Ron Paul – U.S. House of Representatives – [R-TX-14]
Years covered All bills sponsored All amendments sponsored All bills cosponsored All amendments cosponsored Original bills cosponsored Original amendments cosponsored Bill support withdrawn Amendment support withdrawn
1997–98 32 7 223 0 76 0 0 0
1999-00 51 8 316 0 119 0 0 0
2001–02 64 4 323 0 104 0 1 0
2003–04 68 8 354 0 150 0 0 0
2005–06 71 8 393 0 141 0 0 0
2007–08 70 0 443 0 160 0 0 0
2009–10 41 0 120 0 69 0 0 0

Note: The numbers for the current session of Congress may no longer represent the actual numbers as they are still actively in session.

Affiliations

Paul serves on the House Foreign Affairs Committee (having been on the Western Hemisphere and the Asia and Pacific subcommittees); the Joint Economic Committee; and the Committee on Financial Services (as Ranking Member of the Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade and Technology subcommittee, and Vice-Chair of the Oversight and Investigations subcommittee).

Paul was honorary chairman of, and is a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus, a political action committee that describes its goal as electing "liberty-minded, limited-government individuals".[102] Paul also hosts a luncheon every Thursday as chairman of the Liberty Caucus, composed of 20 members of Congress. Washington DC area radio personality Johnny "Cakes" Auville gave Paul the idea for the Liberty Caucus and is a regular contributing member.[14] He is an initiating member of the Congressional Rural Caucus, which deals with agricultural and rural issues, and the 140-member Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus.[103] He remains on good terms with the Libertarian Party and addressed its 2004 convention.[104] He also was endorsed by the Constitution Party's 2004 presidential candidate, Michael Peroutka.[105]

Paul was a member of a bipartisan coalition of 17 members of Congress that sued President Bill Clinton during 1999 due to his conduct of the Kosovo war. They accused Clinton of failing to inform Congress of the action's status within 48 hours as required by the War Powers Resolution, and of failing to obtain Congressional declaration of war. Congress had voted 427–2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia, and had voted to deny assistance for the air campaign in Kosovo. A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after Clinton had actively engaged troops in the war with Kosovo, legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war. Paul said that the judge's decision attempted to circumvent the Constitution and to authorize the president to conduct a war without approval from Congress.[106]

Committee assignments

Rep. Paul serves on the following committee and subcommittees.[107]

With the election of the 112th Congress, and a resulting GOP majority in the House, Ron Paul became the chairman of the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology starting in January 2011.[108]

2008 presidential campaign

Fund raising by state compared to all other candidates put together
Ron Paul at the Free State Project's Liberty Forum
Ron Paul being interviewed the day of the New Hampshire primary in Manchester
Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008

Republican primary campaign

Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on March 12, 2007, on C-SPAN.[109][110] His campaign had intense grassroots support—his supporters were said to "always show up"[111]—- and he had dozens of wins of GOP "straw polls". Additionally, Ron Paul garnered much popularity among college students, with about 500 Students for Ron Paul groups formed across the United States.[112] Few major politicians endorsed Paul, but he won the endorsement of Houston political activist Clymer Wright, the main promoter of the municipal term limits imposed in Houston during 1991.[113]

Paul's campaign showed "surprisingly strong" fundraising[114] with several record-breaking events. He had the greatest rate of military contribution for 2008,[115][116] and donations coming from individuals,[117] aided significantly by an online presence and very active campaigning by endorsers,[118] who organized "moneybomb" fundraisers acquiring millions of dollars during several months. Such fundraising earned Paul the status of having raised more than any other Republican candidate during 2007's fourth-quarter.[119] Paul's name was a number-one web search term as ranked by Technorati, beginning around May 2007.[120] He has had more YouTube subscriptions since May 20, 2007 than any other candidate.[121]

Paul was largely ignored by traditional media, including at least one incident such that FOX News did not invite him to a GOP debate featuring all other presidential candidates at the time.[122] One exception was Glenn Beck's program on Headline News, where Beck interviewed Paul for the full hour of his show.[123]

Though projections of 2008 Republican delegate counts varied widely, Paul's count was consistently third among the three candidates remaining after Super Tuesday, 2008. According to CNN[124] and the New York Times,[125] by Super Tuesday Paul had received five delegates in North Dakota, and was projected to receive two in Iowa, four in Nevada, and five in Alaska based on caucus results, totaling 16 delegates. Paul's campaign projected 42 delegates based on the same results, including delegates from Colorado, Maine, and Minnesota.[126]

In the January 2008 Louisiana caucus, Paul scored second after John McCain, but uncommitted delegates outnumbered both candidates' pledged delegates, since a registration deadline had been extended to January 12.[127] Paul said he had the greatest number of pledged Louisiana delegates who had registered by the original January 10 deadline, and formally challenged the deadline extension and the Louisiana GOP's exclusion of voters due to an outdated list;[128][129] he projected three Louisiana delegates. The Super Tuesday West Virginia caucus was won by Mike Huckabee, whose state campaign coordinators reportedly arranged to give three Huckabee delegates to Paul in exchange for votes from Paul's endorsers.[130] Huckabee has not confirmed this delegate pledge.[131]

Paul's preference votes in primaries and caucuses began at 10 percent in Iowa (winning Jefferson County) and eight percent in New Hampshire, where he had the endorsement of state sovereignty champion, State Representative Dan Itse; on Super Tuesday they ranged from 25 percent in Montana and 21 percent in North Dakota caucuses, where he won several counties, to three percent in several state primaries, averaging under 10 percent in primaries overall.[132] After sweeping four states on March 4, McCain was projected widely to have a majority of delegates pledged to vote for him in the September 2008 party convention. Paul obliquely acknowledged McCain on March 6: "Though victory in the political sense [is] not available, many victories have been achieved due to hard work and enthusiasm." He continued to contest the remaining primaries,[133] having added, "McCain has the nominal number ... but if you're in a campaign for only gaining power, that is one thing; if you're in a campaign to influence ideas and the future of the country, it's never over."[134] Paul's recent book, The Revolution: A Manifesto, became a New York Times and Amazon.com bestseller immediately upon release.[135][136][137][138] His newest book, End the Fed, has been released.

On June 12, 2008, Paul withdrew his bid for the Republican nomination, citing his resources could be better spent on improving America. Some of the $4 million remaining campaign contributions was invested into the new political action and advocacy group called Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty.[139] Paul told the newsmagazine NOW on PBS the goal of the Campaign for Liberty is to "spread the message of the Constitution and limited government, while at the same time organizing at the grassroots level and teaching pro-liberty activists how to run effective campaigns and win elections at every level of government."[140]

Newsletter controversy

Further information: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008#Ron Paul newsletter controversy

Controversial claims made by an unidentified author in Ron Paul's newsletters, written in the first person narrative, included statements such as "Boy, it sure burns me to have a national holiday for Martin Luther King. I voted against this outrage time and time again as a Congressman. What an infamy that Ronald Reagan approved it! We can thank him for our annual Hate Whitey Day." Along with "even in my little town of Lake Jackson, Texas, I've urged everyone in my family to know how to use a gun in self defense. For the animals are coming."[141] Two other statements that garnered controversy were "opinion polls consistently show only about 5% of blacks have sensible political opinions". In an article titled "The Pink House" the newsletter wrote that "Homosexuals, not to speak of the rest of society, were far better off when social pressure forced them to hide their activities."[142]

Paul had given his own account of the newsletters during March 2001, stating the documents were authored by ghostwriters, and that while he did not author the challenged passages, he bore "some moral responsibility" for their publication.[143]

At the end of 2007, both the New York Sun and the New York Times Magazine reprinted passages from early 1990s publications of Paul's newsletters, attacking them for content deemed racist.[14] These were the same newsletters that had been used against Paul during his 1996 congressional campaign.

On January 8, 2008, the day of the New Hampshire primary, The New Republic published a story by James Kirchick quoting from selected newsletters published under Paul's name.[56][144]

Responding to the charges in a CNN interview, Paul denied any involvement in authoring the passages. Additionally, Paul's campaign claimed through a press release that the quotations had come from an unnamed ghostwriter and without Paul's consent. Paul again denounced and disavowed the "small-minded thoughts", citing his 1999 House speech praising Rosa Parks for her courage; he said the charges simply "rehashed" the decade-old Morris attack.[145] CNN anchor Wolf Blitzer said that the writing "Didn't sound like the Ron Paul I've come to know."[146] Later, Nelson Linder, president of the Austin chapter of the NAACP, also defended Paul.[147]

Everybody knows in my district that I didn't write them and I don't speak like that... and I've been reelected time and time again and everyone knows I don't participate in that kind of language. The point is, when you bring this question up, you're really saying 'you're a racist, or are you a racist?' The answer is no, I'm not a racist. As a matter of fact, Rosa Parks is one of my heroes, Martin Luther King is a hero, because they practiced the libertarian principle of civil disobedience and nonviolence. Libertarians are incapable of being a racist because racism is a collectivist idea: you see people in groups. A civil libertarian as myself sees everyone as an important individual.
—Ron Paul, CNN, January 10, 2008[148]

The newsmagazine Reason republished Paul's 1996 defense of the newsletters,[149] and later reported evidence from "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists" that Lew Rockwell had been the chief ghostwriter.[56] Rockwell denies this charge, and "has characterized discussion of the newsletters as 'hysterical smears aimed at political enemies.'"[150]

Assistance for third-party candidates

On September 5, 2008, the Constitution Party of Montana removed Chuck Baldwin from their presidential ticket, replacing him with Ron Paul for president and Michael Peroutka for vice president.[151] Paul made an announcement stating that he "was aware that the party planned to do this, and has said that as long as he can remain passive and silent about the development, and as long as he need not sign any declaration of candidacy, that he does not object."[151] Paul requested on September 11 that Montana eliminate his name from the ballot,[152] stating that he did not "seek nor consent" to the Montana Constitution Party's nomination.[152] He also suggested the Party list official Constitution Party nominee Baldwin on the Montana ballot instead.[152] Five days later the Montana Secretary of State denied Paul's request for withdrawal,[153] stating that the request was sent to them too late. On September 4, 2008, a list of electors in Louisiana using the name "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" filed papers and paid $500[154] with the Secretary of State's Office.[154] They are pledged to Paul for President and Barry Goldwater, Jr. for Vice President.[154]

The same day, Paul's staff released a brief press statement: "On the heels of his historic three-day rally in Minneapolis that drew over 12,000 attendees, Congressman Ron Paul will make a major announcement next week in Washington at the National Press Club."[155] The congressman had reportedly invited presidential candidates Chuck Baldwin, Bob Barr, Cynthia McKinney, and Ralph Nader to the press conference, causing some people to speculate that they would endorse Paul campaigning for president on the ticket of either the Constitution, Libertarian or other third party.[155][156]

On September 10, 2008, Paul confirmed his "open endorsement" (CNN) for the four candidates at a press conference in Washington D.C.[157] He also revealed that he had rejected a request for an endorsement of John McCain.[158][159] He later appeared on CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer with Nader where they presented and briefly described the four principles that all the independent candidates had agreed on as the most important issues of the presidential campaign.[160]

On September 22, 2008, in response to a written statement by Bob Barr, Paul abandoned his former neutral stance and announced his endorsement of Chuck Baldwin in the 2008 presidential election.[161]

In the 2008 general election, Paul still received 41,905 votes despite not actively campaigning.[162][163] He was listed on the ballot in Montana as the Constitution Party candidate, and in Louisiana on the "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" ticket, and received write-in votes in California (17,006),[164] Pennsylvania (3,527), New Hampshire (1,092), and other states. (Not all U.S. jurisdictions require the counting or reporting of write-in votes.)

Post–2008 presidential campaign activities

Paul speaking at CPAC 2011

On February 26, 2009, Ron Paul was a major speaker at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C., speaking for 20 minutes on topics including monetary theory and policy in the United States, in addition to the War in Iraq, and international foreign policy.[165] Paul's Campaign for Liberty sent 140 volunteers to CPAC 2009 to distribute materials, and significantly increased that number the next year.[166]

In the 2009 CPAC Straw Poll for the 2012 presidential election, Paul tied 2008 GOP Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin for third place with 13% of the vote, behind fellow former candidate Mitt Romney and Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal.[167] In the 2010 CPAC straw poll, he scored first, decisively winning with 31%, followed distantly by Mitt Romney, Sarah Palin, and Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, among others. In the 2010 Southern Republican Leadership Conference straw poll, Paul finished second place with 24% of the vote (438 votes), behind only Mitt Romney (with 439 votes). An April 2010 Rasmussen poll among likely voters found that Ron Paul and President Obama were statistically tied in a hypothetical 2012 presidential election.[168][169][170]

2012 presidential campaign

Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012
See also: Draft Ron Paul movement

Ron Paul is a candidate for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election.

Beginning during 2010 there was speculation among pundits and journalists regarding the prospect of Paul campaigning for president again during 2012.[171][172] When Paul's wife, Carol, was asked if he would campaign during 2012 her response was "If you would ask him now he would probably say 'no', but he did say... things are happening so quickly and fast in our country, if we're at a crisis period and they need someone... with the knowledge he has... then he would do it."[173]

Paul won several early straw polls[174] and began raising funds for an exploratory committee.[175] In mid-April, 2011, Paul announced the formation of a "testing-the-waters" account, and stated that he will make a decision on whether to enter the campaign officially no later than May.[176][177] In late April, he formed an official exploratory committee to campaign for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination.[178][179] He participated with the first Republican presidential debate on May 5, 2011.[180] and on May 13, 2011, Paul formally announced his candidacy in an interview on ABC's Good Morning America.[181] He placed second in the 2011 Ames Straw Poll, missing first by 0.9%.[182]

An August scientific poll of likely voters across the political spectrum by Rasmussen Reports held a contest between Paul and Barack Obama, in which the two were "almost dead even." Obama led Paul by one percentage point at 39% to 38% - a significantly smaller margin than July (41% - 37%).[183] Paul moved up to 3rd in a late-August poll of likely Republican primary voters, trailing Rick Perry and Mitt Romney and passing Michele Bachmann,[184] climbing from fourth to third position.[185]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Ron Paul
Paul at the 2007 National Right to Life Committee Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, June 15, 2007.

Paul has been described as conservative, Constitutionalist, and libertarian.[14] He has been nicknamed "Dr. No",[20] representing both his medical degree and his insistence that he will "never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution",[32] and "Mr. Republican".[186] One scoring method published in the American Journal of Political Science[187] found Paul the most conservative of all 3,320 members of Congress from 1937 to 2002.[188] Paul's foreign policy of nonintervention[189] made him the only 2008 Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War Resolution during 2002. He advocates withdrawal from the United Nations, and from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for reasons of maintaining strong national sovereignty.[190] He endorses free trade, rejecting membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization as "managed trade". He endorses increased border security and opposes welfare for illegal aliens, birthright citizenship and amnesty;[191] he voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006. He voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists in response to the September 11 attacks, but suggested war alternatives such as authorizing the president to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal targeting specific terrorists. An opponent of the Iraq War and potential war with Iran, he has also criticized neoconservatism and U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, arguing that both inadvertently cause terrorist reprisals against Americans. Paul has stated that "Israel is our close friend" and that it is not the place of the United States to "dictate how Israel runs her affairs".[192]

Paul is a proponent of Austrian school economics; he has authored six books on the subject, and displays pictures of Austrian school economists Friedrich Hayek, Murray Rothbard, and Ludwig von Mises (as well as of Grover Cleveland)[85] on his office wall. He regularly votes against almost all proposals for new government spending, initiatives, or taxes;[66] he cast two thirds of all the lone negative votes in the House during a 1995–1997 period.[20] He has pledged never to raise taxes[193] and states he has never voted to approve a budget deficit. Paul believes that the country could abolish the individual income tax by scaling back federal spending to its fiscal year 2000 levels;[90][194] financing government operations would be primarily by excise taxes and non-protectionist tariffs. He endorses eliminating most federal government agencies, terming them unnecessary bureaucracies. Paul has a consistent record as an inflation hawk, having warned of the threat of hyperinflation as far back as 1981.[195] While Paul believes the longterm decrease of the U.S. dollar's purchasing power by inflation is attributable to its lack of any commodity backing, he does not endorse a "return" to a gold standard - as the U.S. government has established during the past - but instead prefers to eliminate legal tender laws and to remove the sales tax on gold and silver, so that the market may freely decide what type of monetary standard(s) there shall be.[196] He also advocates gradual elimination of the Federal Reserve System.[197]

Paul endorses constitutional rights, such as the right to keep and bear arms, and habeas corpus for political detainees. He opposes the Patriot Act, federal use of torture, presidential autonomy, a national identification card, warrantless domestic surveillance, and the draft. Citing the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, Paul advocates states' rights to decide how to regulate social matters not cited directly by the Constitution. Paul terms himself "strongly pro-life",[198] "an unshakable foe of abortion",[199] and believes regulation or ban[200] on medical decisions about maternal or fetal health is "best handled at the state level".[201][202] He says his years as an obstetrician led him to believe life begins at conception;[203] his abortion-related legislation, like the Sanctity of Life Act, is intended to negate Roe v. Wade and to get "the federal government completely out of the business of regulating state matters."[204] Paul also believes that the notion of the separation of church and state is currently misused by the court system: "In case after case, the Supreme Court has used the infamous 'separation of church and state' metaphor to uphold court decisions that allow the federal government to intrude upon and deprive citizens of their religious liberty."[205]

He opposes federal regulation of the death penalty[201] (although he opposes capital punishment),[206] of education,[207] and of marriage, and endorses revising the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy to concern mainly disruptive sexual behavior (whether heterosexual or homosexual).[208] As a free-market environmentalist, he asserts private property rights in relation to environmental protection and pollution prevention.[citation needed] He also opposes the federal War on Drugs,[209] and believes the states should decide whether to regulate or deregulate drugs such as medical marijuana.[210] Paul pushes to eliminate federal involvement with and management of health care, which he argues would allow prices to decrease due to the fundamental dynamics of a free market.[211] He is an outspoken proponent for increased ballot access for 3rd party candidates and numerous election law reforms which he believes would allow more voter control.[212] Referring to the federal government, Ron Paul has also stated that “The government shouldn't be in the medical business." He is also opposed to federal government influenza inoculation programs.[213]

Paul was critical of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, arguing that it sanctioned federal interference in the labor market and did not improve race relations. He once remarked: "The Civil Rights Act of 1964 not only violated the Constitution and reduced individual liberty; it also failed to achieve its stated goals of promoting racial harmony and a color-blind society".[214]

On April 15, 2011, Paul was one of four Republican members of Congress to vote against "The Path to Prosperity".[215]

Bibliography

Main article: Ron Paul bibliography

Other contributions

  • Belloc, Hilaire; Chesterton, Cecil (2007) [1911]. The Party System. Paul, Ron (foreword). Norfolk, Virginia: IHS Press. ISBN 1932528113. OCLC 173299105. 
  • Fortman, Erik; Lavello, Randy (2004). Webs of Power. Paul, Ron (interview). Austin, Texas: Van Cleave Publishing. ISBN 0975967002. OCLC 61026033. 
  • Haugen, David M.; Musser, Susan, eds. (2007). Human Embryo Experimentation. Paul, Ron (Chapter 9: No form of stem cell research should be federally funded). Detroit, Michigan: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0737732431. OCLC 84152907. 
  • Haugen, David M., ed. (2007). National Security. Paul, Ron (Chapter 1–7: The federal debt is a threat to national security). Detroit, Michigan: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0737737611. OCLC 144227284. 
  • Jaeger, James; Baehr, Theodore; Griffin, G. Edward; Paul, Ron; Vieira, Edwin (2007). Fiat Empire: Why the Federal Reserve Violates the U.S. Constitution (DVD). Beverly Hills, California: Cornerstone-Matrixx Entertainment. OCLC 192133806. 
  • Minns, Michael Louis (2001). How to Survive the IRS. Paul, Ron (foreword). Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books. ISBN 1569801703. OCLC 44860846. 
  • Paul, Ron; Hayashi, Terry; Pardo, Victoriano; and Fisher, Edwin (August 1, 1969). "Evaluation of Renal Biopsy in Pregnancy Toxemia". Obstetrics and Gynecology (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) 34 (2): 235–241. PMID 5798269. 
  • Paul, Ron (1999). "Being Pro-Life is Necessary to Defend Liberty". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy (MCB University Press, Ltd) 19 (3–4): 11. doi:10.1108/01443339910788712. ISSN 0144-333X. OCLC 89482648. 
  • Paul, Ron; Bartlett, Roscoe; et al. (2001) (Videotape). The United Nations & the New World Order. Brunswick, OH: American Portrait Films, Inc. ISBN 1573411329. OCLC 56793278. 
  • Pearl, Sandy; Beutel, Bill; Alis, Bob; Weingold, Dave; Paul, Ron; Bartsch, Ed (1980). Born Again (Videotape). Athens, GA: University of Georgia Instructional Resources Center. OCLC 7407395. 
  • Skousen, Mark; Weber, Chris; Ketcher, Michael, eds. (1987). The Closing Door. Paul, Ron (introduction). Bethel, Connecticut: Institute for the Preservation of Wealth (2d ed. 1988). ISBN 0938689037. OCLC 17209571. 
  • Vieira, Jr., Edwin (1983). Pieces of Eight. Paul, Ron (foreword). Fort Lee, NJ: Sound Dollar Committee. ISBN 9780815962267. OCLC 9919612. 
  • von NotHaus, Bernard, ed. (September 1, 2003). The Liberty Dollar Solution to the Federal Reserve. Paul, Ron (Chapter 21: Abolish the Fed). Evansville, Indiana: American Financial Press. ISBN 0967102529. 

References

  1. ^ "Ron Paul Background". Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life: Religion & Politics '08. Pew Research Center. September 2007. http://pewforum.org/religion08/candidates/ron-paul/. Retrieved 2007-10-21. 
  2. ^ "Military Service: Members of the 106th Congress". Personal email correspondence of Bruce K. Melson. Will Pete. October 2000. http://www.willpete.com/military_service.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  3. ^ "Is John Kerry a Liberal?". http://voteview.com/Is_John_Kerry_A_Liberal.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 
  4. ^ Douglas, William (2011-01-05). "Father watches with pride as Rand Paul becomes U.S. senator". The McClatchy Company. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/01/05/106256/father-watches-with-pride-as-rand.html#storylink=misearch. Retrieved 2010-01-29. 
  5. ^ Smith, James F. (2007-12-16). "Ron Paul's tea party for dollars". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2007/12/ron_pauls_tea_p.html. 
  6. ^ "The Tea Party’s Brain - Magazine". The Atlantic. 2011-08-05. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/11/the-tea-party-8217-s-brain/8280/a. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  7. ^ Trygstad, Tyler (2011-07-12). "Ron Paul to Retire from Congress". Roll Call. http://www.rollcall.com/news/Ron-Paul-retire-207207-1.html?ET=rollcall:e10569:80081152a:&st=email. Retrieved 2011-07-12. 
  8. ^ By Christopher Caldwell (2007-07-22). "Ron Paul - Presidential Election of 2008 - Elections - Candidates - Republicans". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html?pagewanted=2. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  9. ^ Reitweisner, William Addams. "The Ancestors of Ron Paul". http://www.wargs.com/political/paul.html. Retrieved 2008-11-13. 
  10. ^ a b Wereschagin, Mike (2007-06-17). "Presidential candidate Ron Paul drawing diverse crowds". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_513029.html. Retrieved 2007-10-12. 
  11. ^ Ron Paul biography at Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Penn State University Libraries. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  12. ^ Ron Paul biography at Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Penn State University Libraries. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
  13. ^ Paul, Carol (2007-03-16). "The American Dream – Through the Eyes of Mrs. Ron Paul". Daily Paul. http://dailypaul.com/node/53. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Caldwell, Christopher (2007-07-22). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". New York Times Magazine. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html?ei=5124&en=22ee37525a9fc4f5&ex=1343016000&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2007-07-23. 
  15. ^ Husna Haq. "Election 101: Ron Paul sets sights on 2012. Ten things to know about him. - What is his family and religious background?". CSMonitor.com. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/2011/0513/Election-101-Ron-Paul-sets-sights-on-2012.-Ten-things-to-know-about-him/What-is-his-family-and-religious-background. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  16. ^ "What is Ron Paul's Stance on Health care?". The State Column. 2011-07-19. http://www.thestatecolumn.com/health/where-is-ron-pauls-stance-on-healthcare. Retrieved 2011-08-25. 
  17. ^ Gwynne, Sam C. (Oct 2001). "Dr. No". Texas Monthly. ISSN 0148-7736. http://scgwynne.com/Article%202.html. Retrieved Sep 15, 2011. 
  18. ^ "Michael Quinn Sullivan ''Paul refuses to participate in "immoral" pension system'' 1/20/1997". Paul.house.gov. http://paul.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=999&Itemid=28. Retrieved 2011-09-14. 
  19. ^ a b c Taylor, Jay (2000-05-11). "In Defense of our "Unalienable Rights"". J. Taylor's Gold & Technology Stocks. http://www.usagold.com/gildedopinion/taylorpaulintrvw.html. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Gwynne, Sam C. (2001-10-01). "Dr. No". Texas Monthly. http://www.texasmonthly.com/2001-10-01/feature7.php. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  21. ^ Caldwell, Christopher (June 22, 2007) "TheAntiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul", New York Times
  22. ^ a b Barrick, Chris (November 2007). "Ron Paul's Presidential Bid". Cross and Crescent (Lambda Chi Alpha). http://www.crossandcrescent.com/2007/11/ron-pauls-presidential-bid/. Retrieved 2007-11-08. 
  23. ^ "U.S. News & World Report. "Inside Washington: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Ron Paul," (March 23, 2007; retrieved on March 24, 2009)". Usnews.com. 1935-08-20. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070323/23paulfacts.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-01. 
  24. ^ a b "The Ron Paul Story" (YouTube). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgF-s1voM_Y. Retrieved 2007-06-14. 
  25. ^ Goodwyn, Wade (2007-10-07). "Paul Has Long Drawn Support from Unlikely Places". the '08 Candidates' First Campaign (National Public Radio). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15016924. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  26. ^ a b c "Politics-National | Ron Paul attracts loyal following". The Detroit News. http://detnews.com/article/20110914/POLITICS03/109140373/Ron-Paul-attracts-loyal-following#ixzz1XxufQtW. Retrieved 2011-09-14. 
  27. ^ "The End of the Ron Paul Era? - Chris Good - Politics". The Atlantic. 2011-08-05. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/07/the-end-of-the-ron-paul-era/241826/. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  28. ^ a b "The Libertarian Congressman Is Back". Wall Street Journal: p. A18. 1997-01-13. http://www.seedship.com/politics/ronpaul1.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  29. ^ a b Beiler, David (June 1996). "Paul vs. Laughlin — Ron Paul's campaign against Representative Greg Laughlin". Campaigns and Elections. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-18535311.html. 
  30. ^ Berlau, John (1997-02-10) Now playing right field - Rep. Ron Paul - Interview Insight on the News
  31. ^ Paul, Ron, attrib. (April 1978). "The absence of force and toleration of others is the key to peace and prosperity" (PDF (reprint)). Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report (Foundation for Rational Economics and Education) 3 (4). OCLC 15124395. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20080216011757/http://www.tnr.com/downloads/freedomApril1978.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  32. ^ a b c "About Ron Paul". Ron Paul 2008. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20071023173254/http://www.ronpaul2008.com/about/. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  33. ^ Kelly, Michael. "Big Brother". Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://mises.org/daily/145. Retrieved 2008-11-14. 
  34. ^ Rudin, Ken (2007-07-26). "Ron Paul, George and Ringo". Political Junkie (National Public Radio). 
  35. ^ "Members and leaders of the Texas Legislature". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm?leg=68. Retrieved 2007-07-08. 
  36. ^ Berlau, John (1997-01-10). "Insight on the News". 
  37. ^ Paul, Ron (1984-09-19). "Some Observations on Four Terms in Congress". Rockwell, Lew. http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul433.html. Retrieved 2011-09-12. 
  38. ^ Welch, Matt (2011-09-07). Reason Foundation. http://reason.com/archives/2011/09/07/ron-pauls-reagan Ron Paul's Reagan. Retrieved 2011-09-12. 
  39. ^ a b Rosenthal, Andrew (1988-10-17). "Now for a Real Underdog: Ron Paul, Libertarian, for President". New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0712FB3E5C0C748DDDA90994D0484D81. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  40. ^ "1988 VOTE: The Final Word". New York Times. 1988-12-29. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEEDB103AF93AA15751C1A96E948260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fP%2fPaul%2c%20Ron. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  41. ^ Nugent, Franklin (November 7, 1988). "If You Don't Like Bush Or Dukakis ... Libertarian Candidate Offers Common-Sense Policies For America". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis Post-Dispatch L.L.C.): 3C. 
  42. ^ "Ron Pauls Abortion Rhetoric". August 20, 2007. http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=ron_pauls_abortion_rhetoric 
  43. ^ "Libertarian delegates hear party candidates debate". The Bulletin (Bend, Oregon): p. 3. September 4, 1987. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d1cPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p4YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5224,1878387&dq=ron-paul 
  44. ^ "The perils of punditry: The US election campaign". The Economist. 1988-11-05. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-6898194.html. Retrieved 2007-09-11. 
  45. ^ "Interview with Ron Paul" (YouTube). 1988. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4LSR8MvJnE. Retrieved 2007-09-17. [dead link]
  46. ^ Doherty, Brian (November 1999). "Eminentoes: A principled maverick" (subscription). American Spectator 32 (11). http://search.opinionarchives.com/Summary/AmericanSpectator/V32I11P58-1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  47. ^ a b Doyle, Al (2007-07-23). "Presidential candidate Paul passionate over hard money: Texas legislator once ran investment coin firm" (PDF). Coin World. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071025214638/http://www.libertydollar.org/news-stories/pdfs/1185851080.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-14. 
  48. ^ Taylor, Jay (2006-03-17). "Congressman Ron Paul Talks About Gold, Oil & the Economy". J. Taylor's Gold & Technology Stocks. http://www.321gold.com/editorials/taylor/taylor031706.html. Retrieved 2008-02-14. 
  49. ^ "RON PAUL & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1". http://www.spazzim.com/rp/corp_inquiry_entity1.pdf. 
  50. ^ "RON PAUL & ASSOCIATES, INC. 2". http://www.spazzim.com/rp/corp_inquiry_entity2.pdf. 
  51. ^ "RON PAUL & ASSOCIATES, INC. 4". http://www.spazzim.com/rp/corp_inquiry_entity4.pdf. 
  52. ^ "ARTICLES OF DISSOLUTION BUSINESS CORPORATION: RON PAUL & ASSOCIATES, INC.". http://www.spazzim.com/rp/dissolution_5073810002.pdf. 
  53. ^ No byline (1986-12-15). ""Conservatives" Join Trilateral Commission" (PDF (reprint)). The Ron Paul Investment Letter (Ron Paul & Associates) 2 (12). OCLC 27301651. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20080216011804/http://www.tnr.com/downloads/RPIL12_86_1.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  54. ^ No byline (1994-11-15). "Our 10th Year!" (PDF (reprint)). The Ron Paul Survival Report (Ron Paul & Associates) 10 (11). OCLC 27301727. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20080216011818/http://www.tnr.com/downloads/November1994.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  55. ^ No byline (1990-03-15). "Poor Andy Roony!" (PDF (reprint)). Ron Paul Political Report (Ron Paul & Associates) 4 (3). OCLC 31695178. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20080216011800/http://www.tnr.com/downloads/March1990.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  56. ^ a b c d Sanchez, Julian, and Weigel, David (2008-01-16). "Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters? Libertarian movement veterans, and a Paul campaign staffer, say it was "paleolibertarian" strategist Lew Rockwell". Reason magazine. http://www.reason.com/news/show/124426.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  57. ^ No byline (1988-05-15). "Say Yes to Gary Allen" (PDF (reprint)). The Ron Paul Investment Letter (Ron Paul & Associates) 4 (5). Archived from the original on 2008-04-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20080414021252/http://www.tnr.com/downloads/InvestmentLetterMay1988.pdf. Retrieved 2008-03-18. "Editor: Lew Rockwell. Publisher: Nadia Hayes. Subscription manager: Jean McIver." 
  58. ^ Kirchick, James (2008-01-10). "Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters?". the New Republic. Archived from the original on 2008-01-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20080115034654/http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_plank/archive/2008/01/10/who-wrote-ron-paul-s-newsletters.aspx. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 
  59. ^ A; Nation; Inside the Beltway. Washington Times. 1991-10-16. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  60. ^ Rothbard, Murray. "Weighing the Buchanan factors; Ideals for the heartland." LewRockwell.com. 1992-01-10. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  61. ^ a b "Paul vs. Sneary". Human Events. 1998-06-26. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3827/is_199806/ai_n8799789. Retrieved 2007-11-18. 
  62. ^ Doherty, Brian (2007-01-22). "Paul for President?". Reason magazine. http://www.reason.com/news/show/118086.html. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  63. ^ Bernstein, Alan (1996-05-22). "Newsletter excerpts offer ammunition to Paul's opponent". Campaign '96 U.S. House (Houston Chronicle). Archived from the original on 2007-05-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070512114222/http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/aol-metropolitan/96/05/23/paul.html. Retrieved 2007-10-05. 
  64. ^ "The Congressman Who Voted Against a Congressional Medal for Rosa Parks". Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 24 (24): 38–9. October 1999. JSTOR 2999062. 
  65. ^ Welch, Matt (2008-01-11). ""Old News"? "Rehashed for Over a Decade"?". Hit & Run (Reason). http://reason.com/blog/show/124339.html. Retrieved 2008-03-03. 
  66. ^ a b Copeland, Libby (2006-07-09). "Congressman Paul's Legislative Strategy? He'd Rather Say Not". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800966_2.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  67. ^ Bernstein, Alan (1998-08-14). "Foes lock horns over Paul's radio ads". Campaign Notebook. Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2004-08-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20040805041451/http://www.chron.com/cgi-bin/auth/story.mpl/content/chronicle/metropolitan/98/08/15/notebook.2-0.html. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
  68. ^ . CBS News.com. 2012-12-22. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/12/22/eveningnews/main6011719.shtml CBS Up to the Minute: Pensions Follow Ex-Lawmakers to Prison. Retrieved 2009-12-23. 
  69. ^ Allan, Sterling D. "Ron Paul for President 2004". Petition Online. http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:kzoMbojcmoAJ:www.petitiononline.com/mod_perl/signed.cgi%3FPaul2004. 
  70. ^ Allan, Sterling D. (2001-12-11). "Ron Paul's Response to "Ron Paul for President 2004" Petition". Draft Ron Paul for United States President 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-07-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20040722093715/http://www.paul2004.com/RonsResponse/index.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  71. ^ "Ron Paul: Campaign Finance/Money". Contributions. Open Secrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.asp?CID=N00005906&cycle=2006. Retrieved 2007-05-25. 
  72. ^ "PAC Contributions to Paul, Ron (R-TX)". Open Secrets. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930160058/http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/memberprofile.asp?cid=N00005906&Cycle=2006&CollapseAll=TRUE. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
  73. ^ "Under the Influence: Highlights from Public Citizen's Special Interest Index" (PDF). Public Citizen. October 2006. http://www.cleanupwashington.org/sii/pdfs/factsheet.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
  74. ^ "2008 Presidential Election: Ron Paul Campaign Money". Open Secrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/summary.asp?id=N00005906&cycle=2008. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
  75. ^ "2008 Presidential Election: Banking on Becoming President". Open Secrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/index.asp. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
  76. ^ "State Races: Texas". Elections 2006 (CNN). http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006//pages/results/states/TX/index.html. Retrieved 2007-03-04. 
  77. ^ "Paul Vows to Remain a Republican in Race". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. 2007-02-09. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080411131229/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/02/09/politics/p092049S41.DTL. Retrieved 2007-02-12. 
  78. ^ Martin, Gary (2007-05-22). "Paul gets primary challenger". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080511091000/http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/stories/MYSA052207.EN.PAUL.94898f61.html. Retrieved 2007-07-11. 
  79. ^ "2008 Republican Party Primary Election". Texas Secretary of State. 2008-03-04. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709211901/http://enr.sos.state.tx.us/enr/mar04_135_race4.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-05. 
  80. ^ Gamboa, Suzanne (2008-11-05) "Olson upends Lampson in closely watched race", Dallas Morning News. Retrieved on 2008-11-07.
  81. ^ Pershing, Ben (2010-03-03) "Ron Paul easily fends off primary challenges", The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2010-07-17.
  82. ^ Pressley, Sue Ann (1996-05-26). "GOP House Candidate Responds to Charges". Washington Post. 
  83. ^ Balko, Radley (2007-02-20). "Ron Paul, the Real Republican?". Straight Talk (Fox News). http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,252847,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-06. 
  84. ^ Paul, Ron (1997-07-20). "Parents must have control of education". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070903132227/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst97/tst072097.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-13. 
  85. ^ a b Will, George F (2007-02-18). "A Cheerful Anachronism". Newsweek. http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=177422&Disp=41&Trace=on. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 
  86. ^ a b c d Murray, Shailagh (2003-03-10). "A Far-Right Texan Inspires Antiwar Left". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB104725224693862700.html. Retrieved 2007-06-15. 
  87. ^ Utt, Ronald D., Ph.D., and Summers, Christopher B (2002-03-15). "Can Congress Be Embarrassed into Ending Wasteful Pork-Barrel Spending?". Backgrounder (Heritage Foundation). http://www.heritage.org/Research/Budget/BG1527.cfm. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 
  88. ^ "Ron Paul defends asking for special projects". Politics. Associated Press (MSNBC). 2007-12-23. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22379734/. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 
  89. ^ Paul, Ron (2008). The Revolution: A Manifesto. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0446537519. 
  90. ^ a b Paul, Ron (2003-01-30). "End the Income Tax — Pass the Liberty Amendment". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301111946/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2003/cr013003c.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-08. 
  91. ^ Bresnahan, John (2007-10-10). "Paul says Americans' freedoms under siege". the Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1007/6277_Page2.html. Retrieved 2007-10-10. 
  92. ^ Dougherty, Jon (2001-03-13). "Bill would restore Congress' war powers". WorldNetDaily. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22022. Retrieved 2008-02-12. 
  93. ^ "Key Vote (How all members voted): Authorization for Use of Military Force". Project Vote Smart. 2005-02-03. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_member.php?cs_id=V3064. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  94. ^ Paul, Ron (2007-09-16). "The Sunlight Rule". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930113524/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2007/tst091607.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  95. ^ Paul, Ron (2002-09-10). "Questions That Won't Be Asked About Iraq". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703052653/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2002/cr091002.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-12. 
  96. ^ Paul, Ron (October 2007). "Taxes". Ron Paul 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-02-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20080223010049/http://www.ronpaullibrary.org/topic.php?id=0. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 
  97. ^ Paul, Ron (2005-11-15). "Too Little Too Late". Lew Rockwell. http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul287.html. Retrieved 2007-06-13. 
  98. ^ Yates, Ph.D., Steven (2004-04-07). "An Evening With Dr. Ron Paul". Lew Rockwell. http://www.lewrockwell.com/yates/yates92.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  99. ^ "Rep. Paul Introduces Education Package". Education Exchange. Education Policy. March 1999. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011164509/http://educationpolicy.org/newsletter/EEMar99.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-14. 
  100. ^ "Tell your U.S. Representative to co-sponsor the American Freedom Agenda Act". American Freedom Campaign. 2007-10-15. http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2165/t/1027/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=17371. Retrieved 2007-10-15. 
  101. ^ "Marijuana bill officially introduced to Congress by Ron Paul, Barney Frank". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2011-06-23. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2011/06/marijuana-bill-officially-introduced-to-congress-by-ron-paul-barney-frank.html. Retrieved 2011-08-09. 
  102. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Republican Liberty Caucus. 2002. http://www.rlc.org/?p=FAQ. Retrieved 2007-03-17. 
  103. ^ "The Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus". National Wildlife Refuge Association. 2008-01-15. http://www.refugenet.org/New-issues/refugecaucus.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  104. ^ "President's Corner". Liberator Online (Advocates for Self-Government) 9 (10). 2004-06-09. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20070319195526/http://www.theadvocates.org/liberator/vol-09-num-10.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  105. ^ Staff Selections (2007-09-26). "Ron Paul Triple Nomination Threat?". Free Market News (Free Market News Network). Archived from the original on November 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071103095955/http://freemarketnews.com/WorldNews.asp?nid=49495. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  106. ^ Paul, Ron (1999-06-09). "Judge sides with Clinton". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070610052445/http://www.house.gov/paul/press/press99/pr060999.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-12. 
  107. ^ "Who is Ron Paul?". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070924205837/http://www.house.gov/paul/bio.shtml. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  108. ^ Sudeep Reddy (2010-12-16). "Ron Paul Chairman of Financial Oversight Committee". Q&A: Ron Paul on His New Perch (Wall Street Journal). http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/12/16/qa-ron-paul-on-his-new-perch-to-fight-the-fed/?KEYWORDS=News+Ron+Paul. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
  109. ^ "Congressman Ron Paul Announces Presidential Run while taking LIVE calls on C-SPAN!" (video). the Hill (Capitol Hill Broadcasting Network). 2007-03-20. http://chbn.com/Clip.aspx?key=1CD9E3A0397BCBEC. Retrieved 2007-07-08. 
  110. ^ Martin, Gary (2007-03-12). "Paul formally launches presidential bid". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20081205085934/http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA031207.paul2008.EN.74141d9.html. Retrieved 2007-03-13. 
  111. ^ Janecek, Sarah (2008-12-31). "2008...Another Year for the Minnesota History Books". Politics In Minnesota. http://politicsinminnesota.com/2009/01/2008-another-year-minnesota-history-books/. Retrieved 2011-09-06. 
  112. ^ "Students for Ron Paul". Young Americans for Liberty. http://www.yaliberty.org/about. Retrieved 2011-03-18. 
  113. ^ "Clymer Wright - $8,500 in Political Contributions 2008". campaignmoney.com. http://www.campaignmoney.com/political/contributions/clymer-wright.asp?cycle=08. Retrieved January 28, 2011. 
  114. ^ Stephanopoulos, George (2007-07-06). "Ron Paul Tops McCain in Cash on Hand". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2007/07/ron-paul-tops-m.html. Retrieved 2007-07-07. 
  115. ^ Englehardt, T (2007-07-23). "Why the U.S. Military Loves Ron Paul". the Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070730/engelhardt. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  116. ^ Roth, Bennett; Dunham, Richard S.; and Davis, Chase (2007-08-06). "Paul leads in donations from military voters, with Obama next". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2007_4444801. Retrieved 2007-12-07. 
  117. ^ Center for Responsive Politics (2008-02-01). "Ron Paul Campaign Money". Race for the White House. Open Secrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/summary.asp?id=N00005906&cycle=2008. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  118. ^ Klein, Rick (2007-05-05). "The Ron Paul Effect". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=3147940. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  119. ^ Malcolm, Andrew (2008-02-01). "News shocker: Ron Paul was biggest GOP fundraiser last quarter". Top of the Ticket (Los Angeles Times). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2008/02/news-shocker-ro.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  120. ^ Wilson, Chris (2007-05-09). "Ron Paul's Online Rise". U.S. News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/blogs/news-desk/2007/5/9/ron-pauls-online-rise.html. Retrieved 2007-12-03. 
  121. ^ "Paul #1, Obama #2". Ron Paul 2008. 2007-05-20. http://ronpaul2008.typepad.com/ron_paul_2008/2007/05/paul_1_obama_2.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  122. ^ "Ron Paul, muffled by Fox, wows Jay Leno | Top of the Ticket | Los Angeles Times". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2008-01-07. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2008/01/ronpaulreigns.html. Retrieved 2008-09-05. 
  123. ^ "YouTube — Ron Paul Interviewed By Glenn Beck on CNN 12-18-07". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZXWW4C2kpE. Retrieved 2008-09-05. 
  124. ^ "RESULTS: Ron Paul". Election Center 2008 Primaries and Caucuses (CNN). 2008-02-13. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/primaries/results/candidates/#302. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  125. ^ "Primary Season Election Results". Election Guide 2008 (New York Times). 2008-02-13. http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/results/delegates/index.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  126. ^ "Ron Paul National Delegate Count Now 42 or More". Ron Paul 2008. 2008-02-06. Archived from the original on 2008-02-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20080206221309/http://www.ronpaul2008.com/press-releases/237/ron-paul-national-delegate-count-now-42-or-more/. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  127. ^ Geraghty, Jim (2008-01-23). "Louisiana Votes Clarified". Campaign Spot (National Review). http://campaignspot.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MWI2ZjJkOTI2MzBlMTgxNmY2ZDQ3ODlmZTZkOTE5YjY=. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  128. ^ Wolf, Z. Byron (2008-01-24). "Paul Alleges Boondoggle on the Bayou". Political Radar (ABC News). http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/01/paul-alleges-bo.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  129. ^ "Paul contests delegate credentials in Louisiana". Houston Chronicle. Associated Press. 2008-01-26. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/politics/5488507.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  130. ^ Johnson, Alex, et al. (2008-02-05). "Old-fashioned deal-making wins in W.Va.: Huckabee freezes out Romney for GOP victory with ‘backroom’ agreement". Decision '08 (MSNBC). http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23017706/. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  131. ^ Rhee, Foon (2008-02-05). "Paul claims delegates in West Virginia". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/02/paul_claims_del.html. Retrieved 2008-02-14. 
  132. ^ "Election Center 2008: Primary Results for Candidate — Elections & Politics news from CNN. com". Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/primaries/results/candidates/#302. Retrieved 2008-09-05. 
  133. ^ Sanders, Forest (2008-03-09). "Ron Paul's Bowling Green Son Gives Campaign Update". WBKO. http://www.wbko.com/news/headlines/16437101.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  134. ^ "Ron Paul's Intentions". CNN. 2008-03-10. http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/politics/2008/03/10/intv.ron.paul.cnn?iref=videosearch. Retrieved 2008-04-14. 
  135. ^ Malcolm, Andrew (2008-05-01). "Ron Paul, political loser, now best-selling author". Top of the Ticket (Los Angeles Times). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2008/05/ron-paul-politi.html. Retrieved 2008-05-02. 
  136. ^ Weber, Christopher (2008-05-01). "The Road to Paulville". AOL News. Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20081014070220/http://news.aol.com/political-machine/2008/05/01/the-road-to-paulville/. Retrieved 2008-05-02. 
  137. ^ Wyckoff, Whitney Blair (2008-05-01). "Ron Paul's 'Revolution:' Box Office". the Swamp (Baltimore Sun). http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/05/ron_pauls_revolution_box_offic.html. Retrieved 2008-05-02. 
  138. ^ Sinderbrand, Rebecca (2008-04-30). "Paul No. 1 on Amazon.com". Political Ticker (CNN). http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/04/30/paul-no-1-on-amazoncom/. Retrieved 2008-05-02. 
  139. ^ "Paul suspends presidential campaign; forms new organization". CNN. 2008-06-12. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/06/13/paul-suspends-presidential-campaign-forms-new-organization/. Retrieved 2008-07-25. 
  140. ^ "Interview: Ron Paul on his rally and Election '08". NOW on PBS. 2008-08-29. http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/435/Ron-Paul.html. 
  141. ^ "Ron Paul’s Racist Newsletters Revealed". News One. http://newsone.com/nation/casey-gane-mccalla/ron-pauls-racist-newsletters-revealed/. Retrieved 2010-07-11. 
  142. ^ "Angry White Man | The New Republic". Tnr.com. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/angry-white-man?id=e2f15397-a3c7-4720-ac15-4532a7da84ca. Retrieved 2010-07-11. 
  143. ^ Gwynne, S.C. (2001). "Dr. No". Texas Monthly (Emmis Publishing LP) (October). http://www.texasmonthly.com/2001-10-01/feature7-1.php. Retrieved 2009-03-16. 
  144. ^ Savage, Charlie (2008-01-08). "Ron Paul's explosive newsletters". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/01/ron_pauls_explo.html. Retrieved 2008-01-17. 
  145. ^ Paul, Ron (2008-01-08). "Ron Paul Statement on The New Republic Article Regarding Old Newsletters". Business Wire (Reuters). http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS233377+08-Jan-2008+BW20080108. Retrieved 2008-01-17. 
  146. ^ Blitzer, Wolf (2008-01-10). "Ron Paul Addresses Charges of Racism; F-15s Grounded Forever?". The Situation Room (CNN). http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0801/10/sitroom.02.html. Retrieved 2008-03-03. "I've got to tell you, congressman, you and I, we have talked a lot over these past several months. And when I saw these newsletters, I didn't know anything about them until I saw that article in 'The New Republic,' I was pretty shocked. Certainly didn't sound like the Ron Paul that I've come to know and our viewers have come to know all this time." 
  147. ^ Linder, Nelson (2008-01-13). "NAACP Nelson Linder speaks on Ron Paul and racism" (YouTube). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGhv3paNz6U. Retrieved 2008-03-17. 
  148. ^ "Ron Paul's Shocking Statements on CNN (Pt. 1of2) 1-10-2008". CNN. YouTube.com. Jan 10, 2008. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7FwULXnM_E&feature=related. Retrieved 2011-02-26. 
  149. ^ Welch, Matt (January 11, 2008). ""Old News"? "Rehashed for Over a Decade"?". Reason.com. http://reason.com/blog/show/124339.html. Retrieved 2008-03-03. 
  150. ^ Sanchez, Julian and David Weigel (2008-01-16). "Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters?". Reason. http://www.reason.com/news/show/124426.html. Retrieved 2008-01-16. 
  151. ^ a b Ballot Access News: "Montana Constitution Party Submits Presidential Electors Pledged to Ron Paul and Michael Peroutka."
  152. ^ a b c Gouras, Matt (2008-09-11). "Ron Paul Wants Off Montana Ballot". Associated Press. http://www.flatheadbeacon.com/articles/article/ron_paul_wants_off_montana_ballot/5514/. Retrieved 2008-09-16. "Republican Ron Paul does not want to be on the Montana ballot as the Constitution Party presidential candidate, but state election officials said Thursday it may be too late to remove his name. [..] Paul also said the national Constitution Party candidate, Chuck Baldwin, should be on the ballot instead." 
  153. ^ Winger, Richard (2008-09-15). "Montana Verifies That Ron Paul Will Remain on Ballot". Ballot Access News. http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/09/15/montana-verifies-that-ron-paul-will-remain-on-ballot/. Retrieved 2008-09-16. "The Montana Secretary of State has told Ron Paul that his request to be removed from the ballot arrived too late" 
  154. ^ a b c Winger, Richard. Louisiana Asked to Print Ron Paul on Ballot as Presidential Candidate Ballot Access News, 2008-09-04. Accessed 2008-09-08. "On September 4, a slate of presidential electors was filed at the Louisiana Secretary of State's office, in person. The electors are pledged to Ron Paul for president, and former Congressman Barry Goldwater, Jr., for vice-president. The partisan name for this slate is "Louisiana Taxpayers Party." The filing, and the $500 was accepted"
  155. ^ a b Weigel, David (2008-09-05). "Ron Paul's Surprise?". Reason.com. http://reason.com/blog/2008/09/05/ron-pauls-surprise. Retrieved 2008-09-05. 
  156. ^ "EconomicPolicyJournal.com: Ron Paul to Make Major Announcement Next Week". Economicpolicyjournal.com. 2008-09-05. http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2008/09/ron-paul-to-make-major-announcement.html. Retrieved 2008-09-16. 
  157. ^ (2008-09-10) Ron Paul urges voters to skip McCain, Obama, CNNPolitics.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-10
  158. ^ Kugel, Allison (October 15, 2008). "Ron Paul: Washington’s True Maverick Talks Bailouts, the United States Constitution and Re-Making the US Dollar". PR.com. http://www.pr.com/article/1110. Retrieved 2011-06-16. 
  159. ^ Gamboa, Suzanne, Suzanne (2008-09-10). "Paul rejects McCain's plea for endorsement". Associated Press. Google. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080913003826/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gj4x1Ijw4MDlWEadWey5y9c0GlhgD933TVRG7. Retrieved 2008-09-10. 
  160. ^ "The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer, CNN, September 10, 2008". Cnn.com. 2006-11-16. http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/politics/2008/09/10/intv.tsr.paul.nader.cnn.cnn?iref=videosearch. Retrieved 2009-09-13. 
  161. ^ Paul, Ron (2008-09-22). "A New Alliance". Campaign for Liberty. http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=547#.. Retrieved 2008-09-22. 
  162. ^ "Ballot Access News – December 1, 2008". Ballot-access.org. 2008-12-01. http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/120108.html#10. Retrieved 2009-06-01. 
  163. ^ "Election Center 2008:Results", CNN.com. Retrieved on 2008-11-08.
  164. ^ "Office of the California Secretary of State. "The Statement of Vote: United States President by County," (December 13, 2008; retrieved on March 24, 2009)." (PDF). http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2008_general/17_22_pres_by_county.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-13. 
  165. ^ Ron Paul Speaks at CPAC 2009. Posted February 27, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
  166. ^ Logged in as click here to log out (2008-01-28). "David Weigel: The shocking popularity of Ron Paul at CPAC | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/feb/28/ron-paul-cpac-republican-party. Retrieved 2009-06-01. 
  167. ^ "Romney wins CPAC poll again - First Read - msnbc. com". Firstread.msnbc.msn.com. 2009-03-01. http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/03/01/1815249.aspx. Retrieved 2009-06-01. 
  168. ^ "SRLC 2010 Straw Poll Results". http://www.srlc2010.com/srlc/srlc-2010-straw-poll-results/. Retrieved April 10, 2010. 
  169. ^ "GOP's 2012 hopefuls rail against Washington". msnbc.com. 2010-02-20. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35498037/ns/politics. Retrieved 2010-02-20. 
  170. ^ Montopoli, Brian (2010-04-14). "Is Ron Paul Neck in Neck With Obama in 2012?". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20002497-503544.html. Retrieved April 14, 2010. 
  171. ^ (2010-04-15) "Rasmussen: Ron Paul Polls Even With Obama for 2012", Newsmax. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  172. ^ Davis, Susan (2010-04-14) "Ron Paul, Obama in Dead Heat for 2012", Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  173. ^ "Carol Paul + Kelley Ashby Paul + Rand Paul Rally Interviews Louisville Kentucky". youtube.com. 2010-01-30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPbkwgYQcqg. Retrieved 2010-01-30. 
  174. ^ Madison, Lucy (2011-02-28). "Ron Paul and Herman Cain lead the pack in Tea Party Patriots straw poll". cbsnews.com. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20037196-503544.html. Retrieved 2011-04-05. 
  175. ^ "'Money bomb' blows up Ron Paul's coffers". politico.com. 2011-02-22. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/49956.html. Retrieved 2011-03-08. 
  176. ^ (2011-04-14) "Ron Paul 2012 Presidential 'Testing The Waters' Organization Launches", The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
  177. ^ Fabian, Jordan (2011-04-14) "Ron Paul forms 'testing the waters' account", The Hill. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
  178. ^ (2011-04-26) "Ron Paul kicks off exploratory committee for 2012 bid", MSNBC. Retrieved April 26, 2011
  179. ^ (2011-04-26) "Ron Paul officially announces 2012 presidential exploratory committee", The Hill/ Retrieved April 26, 2011
  180. ^ Taylor, Alexandra (May 5, 2011). "FOX/SC Debate Features Just 5 of 2012 GOP". http://uselectionnews.org/foxsc-debate-features-just-5-of-2012-gop/853203/. Retrieved May 5, 2011. 
  181. ^ Rep. Ron Paul announces candidacy for president. CNN. 2011-05-13 Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  182. ^ Falcone, Michael; Walter, Amy; Jaffe, Matthew; Volack, Jason (August 13, 2011). "Bachmann Wins Ames Straw Poll, Ron Paul in Close Second". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/michele-bachmann-wins-ames-straw-poll-ron-paul/story?id=14298827. Retrieved August 14. 
  183. ^ Obama 39%, Paul 38% Rasmussen Reports Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  184. ^ "Time to take Ron Paul seriously?". Gallup. The Week. August 25, 2011. http://theweek.com/article/index/218527/time-to-take-ron-paul-seriously. 
  185. ^ "GOP Primary: Perry 29%, Romney 18%, Bachmann 13% - Rasmussen Reports™". rasmussenreports.com. 2011 [last update]. http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/gop_primary_perry_29_romney_18_bachmann_13. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 
  186. ^ Rockwell, Jr., Llewellyn H. (2007-12-19). "Ron Paul: Mr. Republican". LewRockwell.com. http://www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/rp-mr-republican.html. Retrieved 2007-12-19. 
  187. ^ Poole, Keith T. (July 1998). "Estimating a Basic Space From A Set of Issue Scales". American Journal of Political Science 42 (3): 954–993. doi:10.2307/2991737. JSTOR 2991737. http://voteview.com/basic.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  188. ^ Poole, Keith T. (2004-10-13). "Is John Kerry A Liberal?". VoteView. http://voteview.com/Is_John_Kerry_A_Liberal.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  189. ^ Paul, Ron (2007-05-22). "Patriotism". Congressional Record (U.S. House of Representatives). http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul388.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  190. ^ Ron Paul, Opportunities for Peace and Nonintervention, LewRockwell.com, January 6, 2009.
  191. ^ Paul, Ron. "Issue: Border Security and Immigration Reform". Ron Paul 2008. http://www.ronpaulforcongress.com/html/bordersecurity.html. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  192. ^ "Ron Paul Responds to President Obama’s Middle East Speech". http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20110519007204/en. 
  193. ^ Kartch, John (2007-04-24). "Rep. Ron Paul Signs Presidential Taxpayer Protection Pledge". Americans for Tax Freedom. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011150929/http://atr.org/content/html/2007/april/042407pr-ronpaul_pledge.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  194. ^ "Paul Want Less Government, Less Taxes, and Abolish IRS". Antiwar President. 2007-09-13. Archived from the original on 2007-07-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20070705203920/http://www.antiwarpresident.com/ronpaul/Ron-Paul-less-government-abolish-IRS.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  195. ^ Five Myths About the Gold Standard, Congressman Ron Paul, Congressional Record, February 23, 1981: "I believe such a standard to be not only desirable and feasible, but absolutely necessary if we aim to avoid the very real possibility of hyperinflation in the near future, and economic collapse. But in Washington today we have five myths about the gold standard."
  196. ^ "Ron Paul in New Hampshire" (YouTube). 2007-06-05. http://youtube.com/watch?v=RKQmYfY3R7c. 
  197. ^ Paul, Ron (2007-09-11). "Question and Answer session following Keynote speech at the Johns Hopkins Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies forum "Foreign Policy: A View from a Presidential Candidate"". Ron Paul Audio. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20090324220848/http://ronpaulaudio.com/rpaudio/RonPaulatJohnsHopkinsSchoolofInternationalStudiesSAIS091107.m3u. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  198. ^ Paul, Ron (1999-10-27). "Providing for Consideration of H.R. 2260, Pain Relief Promotion Act of 1999". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070908011246/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec99/cr102799.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  199. ^ Paul, Ron (2007). "Life and Liberty". Ron Paul 2008. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024143701/http://www.ronpaul2008.com/issues/life-and-liberty/. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  200. ^ Paul, Ron (2006-01-31). "Federalizing Social Policy". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071229014649/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2006/tst013006.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04. 
  201. ^ a b Lofton, John (August 2007). "Excerpts From Our Exclusive Ron Paul Interview". American View. http://theamericanview.com/index.php?id=916. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  202. ^ "Paul says merger plans must be derailed: 'You cannot amend the Constitution with a treaty'". Election 2008 Q&A (WorldNetDaily). 2007-07-10. http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56526. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  203. ^ Murtagh, Joseph (2007-06-28). "An Interview with Presidential Candidate Congressman Ron Paul". Muckraker Report (Team Liberty). Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20071018022258/http://www.teamliberty.net/id447.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27. 
  204. ^ Eddlem, Thomas R. (2005-05-02). "Who had the right to rule?". The New American. American Opinion Publishing, Inc. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Who+had+the+right+to+rule%3F+Accusations+about+the+abuses+of...-a0132162835. Retrieved 2007-10-05. 
  205. ^ Paul, Ron (13 June 2002). "Restoring First Amendment Protections of Religion and Religious Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives". http://paul.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=330&Itemid=60. Retrieved 8 December 2010. 
  206. ^ Rockwell, Lew (2010-12-13) Ron Paul, Defender of Human Dignity, LewRockwell.com
  207. ^ "Ron Paul on Education: Republican Representative (TX-14)". On the Issues. 2007-09-01. http://www.ontheissues.org/2008/Ron_Paul_Education.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  208. ^ Paul, Ron (2007-06-05). "Transcript of June 5 "CNN/WMUR/New Hampshire Union Leader" Republican presidential debate". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0706/05/se.01.html. Retrieved 2008-11-14. 
  209. ^ Paul, Ron (2004-04-17). "The War on Drugs is a War on Doctors". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080802163713/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2004/tst051704.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-14. 
  210. ^ "H.R. 2592". Library of Congress. 2001-07-23. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HR02592. Retrieved 2008-11-14. 
  211. ^ Paul, Ron (2004-05-05). "Free market Medicine". LewRockwell.com. http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul175.html. Retrieved 2008-11-14. 
  212. ^ Paul, Ron (2004-07-15). "End the Two-Party Monopoly!". Congressional Record (House of Representatives). Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930110358/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2004/cr071504.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-23. 
  213. ^ Malcolm, Arthur (2009-04-30) "Ron Paul pooh-poohs swine flu; yet another grab for more Fed control!", LA Times blogs. Retrieved on 2009-10-7.
  214. ^ "The Trouble With Forced Integration by Ron Paul". http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul188.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 
  215. ^ www.house.gov (2011-04-15). "Final vote results for roll call 277". Clerk of the House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2011/roll277.xml. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 

External links

Flag of Houston, Texas.png Houston portal
Congress
Presidential campaign
Other
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Robert R. Casey		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 22nd congressional district
April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977		 Succeeded by
Robert Gammage
Preceded by
Robert Gammage		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 22nd congressional district
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985		 Succeeded by
Tom DeLay
Preceded by
Greg Laughlin		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 14th congressional district
January 3, 1997 – present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
David Bergland		 Libertarian Party presidential candidate
1988		 Succeeded by
Andre Marrou
United States order of precedence
Preceded by
Rob Andrews		 United States Representatives by seniority
53rd		 Succeeded by
David Price
v · d · eTexas's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
Representatives
Louie Gohmert (R), Ted Poe (R), Sam Johnson (R), Ralph Hall (R), Jeb Hensarling (R), Joe Barton (R), John Culberson (R), Kevin Brady (R), Al Green (D), Michael McCaul (R), Mike Conaway (R), Kay Granger (R), Mac Thornberry (R), Ron Paul (R), Rubén Hinojosa (D), Silvestre Reyes (D), Bill Flores (R), Sheila Jackson Lee (D), Randy Neugebauer (R), Charlie Gonzalez (D), Lamar S. Smith (R), Pete Olson (R), Quico Canseco (R), Kenny Marchant (R), Lloyd Doggett (D), Michael C. Burgess (R), Blake Farenthold (R), Henry Cuellar (D), Gene Green (D), Eddie Bernice Johnson (D), John Carter (R), Pete Sessions (R)
Other states'
delegations
v · d · eLibertarian Party
Chairpersons
of the LNC

Hallett · Crane · Bergland · Clark · Grant · VerHagen · Turney · Walter · Gingell · Dasbach · Bergland · Lark · Neale · Dixon · Redpath · Hinkle
Presidential
tickets
Parties by state
and territory
State

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming
Territory

District of Columbia
Conventions
(List)

1972 (Denver) · 1974 (Dallas) · 1975 (New York City) · 1977 (San Francisco) · 1979 (Los Angeles) · 1981 (Denver) · 1983 (New York City) · 1985 (Phoenix) · 1987 (Seattle) · 1989 (Philadelphia) · 1991 (Chicago) · 1993 (Salt Lake City) · 1996 (Washington) · 2000 (Anaheim) · 2002 (Indianapolis) · 2004 (Atlanta) · 2006 (Portland) · 2008 (Denver) · 2010 (St. Louis) · 2012 (Las Vegas)
Affiliated
organizations
Related articles
v · d · eUnited States presidential election, 1988
Republican Party
Convention • Primaries •
Primary results

Nominee: George H.W. Bush
VP Nominee: Dan Quayle

Candidates: Bob Dole · Pete du Pont · Ben Fernandez · Alexander Haig · Jack Kemp · Paul Laxalt · Isabell Masters · Pat Robertson · Donald Rumsfeld · Harold Stassen
Democratic Party
Convention • Primaries •
Primary results
 Third party and independent candidates
Libertarian Party

Nominee: Ron Paul (campaign)
VP Nominee: Andre Marrou

Candidates: Jim Lewis  · Russell Means
New Alliance Party
Nominee: Lenora Fulani
Populist Party
Nominee: David Duke
Prohibition Party
Nominee: Earl Dodge
Socialist Equality Party
Nominee: Edward Winn
Socialist Party USA
Nominee: Willa Kenoyer
VP Nominee: Ron Ehrenreich
Socialist Workers Party
Nominee: James Warren
VP Nominee: Kathleen Mickells
Workers World Party
Nominee: Larry Holmes
VP Nominee: Gloria La Riva
Independents and other candidates
Other 1988 elections: House • Senate • Gubernatorial
v · d · eUnited States presidential election, 2008
Democratic Party
Democratic candidates
Republican Party
Republican candidates
Draft movements
 Third party and independent candidates
Constitution Party:
Convention
Green Party:
Convention
Libertarian Party:
Convention
American Party
America's Independent Party
Boston Tea Party
New American Independent Party
Peace and Freedom Party
Prohibition Party
Reform Party
Socialism and Liberation Party
Socialist Party
Socialist Workers Party
Independent / Other
v · d · eUnited States presidential election, 2012
  • United States elections, 2012
  • Fundraising
  • National polls
  • Statewide polls
  • Timeline
  • General election debates
Democratic Party
(Convention)
Incumbent President
Incumbent Vice President
Candidates
Republican Party
(Convention)
Primary polls
Candidates
2011 events
Wikipedia bookBook:2012 Republican presidential primaries
 Third party and independent candidates
Constitution Party
Potential candidates
Green Party
Candidates
Libertarian Party
(Convention)
Candidates
  • Bill Still
  • R. Lee Wrights
Potential candidates
  • Ron Paul
Prohibition Party
Nominee
  • Jack Fellure
Candidates
  • James Hedges
Socialist Party USA
Nominee
Independents
Candidates
Potential candidates
Draft movements
Other
  • Americans Elect
  • Other 2012 elections: House
  • Senate
  • Gubernatorial
v · d · eAustrian School economists
Austrian School influences
Frédéric Bastiat • Joseph Schumpeter • G.L.S. Shackle • Max Weber • Knut Wicksell
Founders
Austrian methodology
Austrian macroeconomics
Benjamin Anderson • Frank Fetter • Roger Garrison • Steven Horwitz • Jesús Huerta de Soto • Ludwig Lachmann • George Selgin • Hans Sennholz  • Mark Skousen • Lawrence White  • William A. Barnett  • Trygve J. B. Hoff
Austrian microeconomics
Walter Block • Gene Callahan • Randall Holcombe  • Israel Kirzner • Peter Leeson • Fritz Machlup • Robert P. Murphy
Public figures

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Ron Paul — (2007) Ronald Ernest „Ron“ Paul (* 20. August 1935 in Green Tree, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) ist ein US amerikanischer Arzt und Politiker. Er ist Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei und …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ron Paul — Photo officielle du Congrès (2007) Nom de naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ron Paul — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Ronald Ernest Paul Congresista de Estados Unidos por el 14.° distrito de Texas …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008 — ] The campaign projected on February 6 to have secured at least 42 delegates to the national convention. [] econd quarter 2007On June 30, 2007, in Des Moines, Iowa, Iowans for Tax Relief and the Iowa Christian Alliance invited all Republican… …   Wikipedia

  • Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Ron Paul s Campaign for Liberty Non profit Non profit type = Public, 501(c)(4) founded date = June 10, 2008 founder = Ron Paul location = flagicon|USA Alexandria, Virginia origins = key people = Ron Paul,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of legislation sponsored by Ron Paul — Ron Paul, a Republican United States Congressman from Lake Jackson, Texas, has sponsored many bills in the United States House of Representatives, such as those that abolish the income taxcite web|url=http://www.ronpaul2008.com/issues/end the… …   Wikipedia

  • Political positions of Ron Paul — The political positions of Ron Paul (R TX), United States presidential candidate, have been labeled conservative, [] He has asserted that Congress had no power to impose a direct income tax and supports the repeal of the sixteenth amendment. []… …   Wikipedia

  • Bibliography of Ron Paul — The following catalogs writings authored by U.S. Congressman Ron Paul.A Foreign Policy of Freedominfobox Book name=A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship image caption=2007 first edition cover author=Ron Paul cover… …   Wikipedia

  • Draft Ron Paul movement — Congressman Ron Paul. The Draft Ron Paul movement refers to any of several grassroots efforts to convince United States Congressman Ron Paul of Texas to run for particular office, often president of the United States, as in the 2008 and …   Wikipedia

  • Electoral history of Ron Paul — Electoral history of Ron Paul, Republican Representative from Texas (1976 1977, 1979 1985, 1997 present), 1988 Libertarian Party Presidential nominee and a candidate for 2008 Republican presidential nomination House and Senate races (1974… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”