- East Orange, New Jersey
-
City of East Orange, New Jersey — City — Nickname(s): EO, Illtown Map of East Orange in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey. Census Bureau map of East Orange, New Jersey Coordinates: 40°45′58″N 74°12′42″W / 40.76611°N 74.21167°WCoordinates: 40°45′58″N 74°12′42″W / 40.76611°N 74.21167°W Country United States State New Jersey County Essex Incorporated March 4, 1863 Government – Type City (New Jersey) – Mayor Robert L. Bowser (term ends 2011)[1] Area – Total 3.9 sq mi (10.2 km2) – Land 3.9 sq mi (10.2 km2) – Water 0 sq mi (0 km2) 0% Elevation[2] 164 ft (50 m) Population (2010)[3] – Total 64,270 – Density 16,479.5/sq mi (6,301/km2) Time zone Eastern Time Zone (EST) (UTC-5) – Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4) ZIP code 07017, 07018 and 07019 Area code(s) 973 FIPS code 34-19390[4] GNIS feature ID 0876059[5] Website http://www.eastorange-nj.org/ East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the city's population 64,270, making it the state's 20th largest municipality, having dropped 5,554 residents (8.0%) from its population of 69,824 in the 2000 Census, when it was the state's 14th most populous municipality.[6]
East Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 4, 1863, from portions of Orange town, and was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[7]
Contents
Geography
East Orange is located at 40°45′58″N 74°12′42″W / 40.766050°N 74.211699°W (40.766050, −74.211699).[8]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 km2), all of it land. East Orange shares borders with Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.
Demographics
Historical populations Census Pop. %± 1870 4,315 — 1880 8,349 93.5% 1890 13,282 59.1% 1900 21,506 61.9% 1910 34,371 59.8% 1920 50,710 47.5% 1930 68,020 34.1% 1940 68,945 1.4% 1950 79,340 15.1% 1960 77,259 −2.6% 1970 75,471 −2.3% 1980 77,878 3.2% 1990 73,552 −5.6% 2000 69,824 −5.1% 2010 64,270 −8.0% Population sources:
1930–1990[9] 2000[10] 2010[6]As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,776.6 people per square mile (6,859.8/km2). There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of 7,252.0 per square mile (2,798.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American, 3.84% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of the population.[10]
There were 26,024 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.37.[10]
In the city the population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.[10]
The median income for a household in the city was $32,346, and the median income for a family was $38,562. Males had a median income of $31,905 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.[10]
As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States, and the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside, at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. East Orange also has a large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census.[11]
Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had the highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry.[12]
Government
East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The government consists of the Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey and a City Council made up of ten members, two each representing the city's five geographical districts or wards. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters. The Borough Council consists of ten members elected to serve four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election every other year.[13]
The East Orange City Council carries out the legislative duties of municipal government. This body enacts by ordinance, resolution or motion, the laws under which our city is governed. The City Council reviews and adopts the municipal budget that is prepared and presented to the legislative body by the Mayor.
The first African-American Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey was The Honorable William S. Hart, Sr. Former Mayor Hart ran and was elected for two consecutive terms. Mayor Hart was mayor from 1970–1978. Hart middle school is named after this honorable man as a tribute and thank you from the city. The Mayor of East Orange is Robert L. Bowser. Mayor Bowser is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[14] a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Members of the City Council are:[15]
- 1st Ward: Thomas L. Brown (2007) and Joyce C. Goore (2009)
- 2nd Ward: Jacquelyn E. Johnson (2007) and Virginia M. Cross (2009)
- 3rd Ward: Chairwoman Quilla E. Talmadge (2007) and Ted R. Green (2009)
- 4th Ward: Sharon Fields (2007) and William C. Holt (2009)
- 5th Ward: Mary E. Patterson (2007) and Alicia Holman (2009)
Federal, state and county representation
East Orange is in the 10th Congressional district. New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald M. Payne (D, Newark). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).
East Orange is in the 34th District of the New Jersey Legislature, which is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Nia Gill (D, Montclair) and in the New Jersey General Assembly by Thomas P. Giblin (D, Montclair) and Sheila Y. Oliver (D, East Orange).[16]
Essex County's County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr.[17] The executive, along with the Board of Chosen Freeholders administer all county business. The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve terms of office on a concurrent basis.[18] As of 2011 Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson (at large)[19], Freeholder Vice President Ralph R. Caputo (District 5)[20], Rufus I. Johnson (at large)[21], Donald M. Payne, Jr. (at large)[22], Patricia Sebold (at large)[23], Samuel Gonzalez (District 1)[24], D. Bilal Beasley (District 2)[25], Carol Y. Clark (District 3)[26] and Linda Lordi Cavanaugh (District 4).[27][28]
Politics
On the national level, East Orange leans strongly toward the Democratic Party. In 2008, Democrat Barack Obama received 98% of the vote in the city.[29]
Education
East Orange School District operates the public schools of East Orange. The district is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide.[30] In 2003, Patrick Healy Middle School was identified as one of seven "persistently dangerous" middle schools in New Jersey. This designation has since been removed. East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school in East Orange.
All of East Orange is served by East Orange Campus High School, which is on the site of the former Upsala College.
The East Orange Public Library at one time included three of the original thirty-six Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey. It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually [31] from four locations.[32]
Commerce
Portions of East Orange are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone . In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide).[33]
Transportation
East Orange lies at the intersection of the Garden State Parkway and Interstate 280. It is 7.8 miles from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.
Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by Coach USA bus routes 24 & 44 and multiple New Jersey Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 34, 41, 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.[34] New Jersey Transit also runs two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines. The East Orange Station is found beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall. Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church Station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two. Both have seven-day service to Hoboken Terminal as well as Midtown Direct service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.
Sister city
East Orange is a sister city of Nakuru, Rift Valley Province, Kenya.[35]
Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of East Orange include:
- John Amos (born 1939), actor.[36]
- Jamal Anderson (born 1972), former NFL running back.[37]
- James Blish (1921-75), science fiction writer.[38]
- Chino XL (born 1974), Hip-hop lyricist.[39]
- Troy CLE, pseudonym of Troy Tompkins, author of The Marvelous Effect (set in East Orange).[40]
- William Joseph Fallon (born 1944), United States Navy Admiral who is the current Commander of United States Central Command.[41]
- Franklin W. Fort (1880–1937), represented New Jersey's 9th congressional district from 1925–1931.[42]
- Major Harold Geiger (1884–1927), pioneer in Army aviation and ballooning.[43]
- Althea Gibson (1927–2003), tennis player.[44]
- David Garrard (born 1978), quarterback who played for the NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars.[45]
- Tate George (born 1968), former NBA Basketball player.[citation needed]
- Slide Hampton (born 1932), jazz trombonist.[46]
- Carolyn Gold Heilbrun (1926–2003), author who wrote mystery novels under the pen name of Amanda Cross.[47]
- Brian Hill (born 1947), former coach of the Orlando Magic.[48]
- Whitney Houston (born 1963), singer and actress.[49]
- Janis Ian (born 1951), singer-songwriter.[50]
- Monte Irvin (born 1919), Major League Baseball player, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Ranked #12 on the Sports Illustrated list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures.[51]-
- Jarrod Johnson (born 1969), former professional football player who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers, San Diego Chargers and the Sacramento Surge of the World League of American Football.[52]
- Ernest Lester Jones (1876–1929), head of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1914 until his death.[53]
- LeRoy J. Jones, Jr. (born 1957), member of the New Jersey General Assembly[54]
- Queen Latifah (born 1970), rapper and actress.[55]
- Clara Maass (1876–1901), nurse who died as a result of volunteering for medical experiments to study yellow fever.[56]
- Gordon MacRae (1921–1986), actor, singer, he was born in East Orange.[57]
- Elliott Maddox (born 1947), Major League Baseball outfielder who played for both the New York Mets and New York Yankees.[58]
- Naomi Long Madgett (born 1923), the African American poet, was raised in East Orange.[59]
- Daniel F. Minahan (1877–1947), represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1919 to 1921 and again from 1923 to 1925.[60]
- Treach, Vin Rock, and Kay Gee members of the rap group Naughty by Nature.[61]
- Eddie Rabbitt, country music singer.[62]
- Shareefa (born 1984), R&B singer.[63]
- Albert L. Vreeland (1901–75), was a United States Representative from New Jersey.[64]
- Dionne Warwick (born 1940), singer.[65]
- William H. Wiley (1842–1925), served on the East Orange township committee from 1886 to 1888, and was president for one year. He represented New Jersey's 8th congressional district from 1903 to 1907 and from 1909 to 1911, and was a co-founder and former president of the publishing company John Wiley & Sons.[66]
- Bruce Williams, radio host.[67]
- The Fugees, a rap group
References
- ^ 2011 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of East Orange, Geographic Names Information System, accessed July 11, 2007.
- ^ "2010 Census Populations", Asbury Park Press. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 11, 2011. HTML version of original Excel spreadsheet.
- ^ "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 127.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 2, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights: East Orange city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ African American Communities, EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.
- ^ Guyanese Communities, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.
- ^ 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 148.
- ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml.
- ^ Office of the City Council, City of East Orange. Accessed June 25, 2006.
- ^ "Legislative Roster: 2010-2011 Session". New Jersey Legislature. http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/roster.asp. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
- ^ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Blonnie R. Watson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Ralph R. Caputo, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Rufus I. Johnson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Donald M. Payne, Jr., Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Patricia Sebold, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Samuel Gonzalez, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ D. Bilal Beasley, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Carol Y. Clark, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ Linda Lordi Cavanaugh, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ The Board of Chosen Freeholders, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 3, 2011.
- ^ http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/08-gen-elect-presidential-results-essex.pdf
- ^ Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 15, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ "East Orange Public Library". librarytechnology.org. September 2011. http://www.librarytechnology.org/libraries.pl?Institution=East%20Orange,%20NJ. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ East Orange Public Library
- ^ Geographic & Urban Redevelopment Tax Credit Programs: Urban Enterprise Zone Employee Tax Credit, State of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ Essex County Bus / Rail Connections, New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
- ^ Online Directory: New Jersey, USA, Sister Cities International. Accessed November 8, 2007.
- ^ via Associated Press. "'Roots' Lead Man Waiting For Windfall", Ocala Star-Banner, February 14, 1977. Accessed January 23, 2011.
- ^ Celebrity Rap Superstar | Jamal Anderson (Contestant), MTV. Accessed September 18, 2007.
- ^ Bloom, Harold. "James Blish: 1921-1975", Science fiction writers of the golden age, p. 63. Chelsea House, 1995. ISBN 0791021998. "James Blish 1921-1975 James Benjamin Blish was born on May 23, 1921, in East Orange, New Jersey, the only child of Asa Rhodes Blish and Dorothea Schneewind Blish."
- ^ Pareles, Jon. "Shooting for Excess", The New York Times, September 9, 1996. Accessed january 23, 2011. "Sharing the bill was Chino XL, a fast-talking rapper from East Orange, NJ, who respects no one."
- ^ Troy CLE, Tavis Smiley, September 7, 2007. Accessed November 29, 2007. "A native of East Orange, NJ, CLE has worked as a student teacher in the NYC public school system and as a hip-hop producer."
- ^ Shanker, Thom. "Adm. William J. Fallon: An Experienced Naval Officer, and a Diplomat", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed December 10, 2007. "William Joseph Fallon was born Dec. 30, 1944, in East Orange, N.J., and raised in Merchantville."
- ^ Franklin William Fort, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 22, 2007.
- ^ "FLIGHT LEADER DIES IN FLAMING CRASH; Major Geiger, Commander of Aberdeen (Md.) Field, Is Burned to Death. FAILS IN DESPERATE JUMP Accident Occurs at Olmstead Field, Pa. – Was a Native of East Orange, N.J.", The New York Times, May 18, 1927. Accessed July 14, 2008.
- ^ Magee, Jerry. Tennis pioneer Althea Gibson dies at 76: U.S., Wimbledon champ paved the way for blacks", The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 29, 2003. Accessed January 23, 2011. "No player of either gender in any sport arguably overcame more in becoming a champion than Gibson, who died yesterday in East Orange, N.J., where she was a semi-recluse."
- ^ AFC honors go to three first-time winners, NFL.com, December 6, 2006. "The East Orange, N.J., native directed the club on two drives of more than 90 yards, both resulting in touchdowns."
- ^ The State of Jazz: Meet 40 More Jersey Greats, The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2004.
- ^ MccFadden, Robert D. "Carolyn Heilbrun, Pioneering Feminist Scholar, Dies at 77", The New York Times, October 11, 2003. Accessed December 18, 2007.
- ^ "Back to the Magic: Hill Returns to Orlando", Orlando Magic. Accessed March 6, 2008.
- ^ Stetler, Carrie. "What happened to Whitney?", The Seattle Times, March 22, 2004. Accessed January 23, 2011. "Houston was born in Newark, N.J., and reared in East Orange, the daughter of acclaimed gospel/soul singer Cissy Houston, who sang backup for everyone from Aretha Franklin to Elvis Presley."
- ^ Houlihan, Mary. "Ian has learned the truth from controversies", Chicago Sun-Times, April 23, 2004. Accessed December 18, 2007. "Ian grew up in East Orange, N.J., in a musical family."
- ^ The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures, Sports Illustrated, December 27, 1999.
- ^ Reinhard, Paul. "Anything Is Possible For Jarrod", The Morning Call, July 30, 1991. Accessed October 24, 2011. "Well, by the time he graduated from Seton Hall Prep in West Orange, N.J., Johnson had blossomed into a 243-pound center. 'It's good I didn't gain another 100 pounds between my freshman and senior years in college,' he quipped yesterday during a telephone conversation. Johnson, an East Orange, N.J., native who as a young boy rooted for the Pittsburgh Steelers after watching them win Super Bowl IX, became an outstanding center at Lehigh University."
- ^ Colonel E. Lester Jones, NOAA. Accessed December 20, 2007. " Ernest Lester Jones, the son of Charles Hopkins and Ida (Lester) Jones was born in East Orange, New Jersey on April 14, 1876."
- ^ Assemblyman LeRoy J. Jones, Jr., New Jersey Legislature backed up as of February 25, 1998. Accessed June 7, 2010.
- ^ "The Robertson Treatment Vol. 6.7; Queen Latifah holding court in Hollywood!", Baltimore Afro-American, March 28, 2003. Accessed December 11, 2007. "'I've always loved musicals,' admits the actress who was born Dana Owens and was raised in the East Orange, NJ area and who presently lives in Rumson, NJ."
- ^ Clara Louise Maass, Find A Grave. Accessed August 23, 2007.
- ^ Parker, Ev. "Parker's Pen: ‘I Surrender Dear’", Napa Valley Register, January 3, 2011. Accessed January 23, 2011. "MacRae, once a kid from East Orange, N.J., sang 'Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin’' from the musical 'Oklahoma'."
- ^ Durso, Joseph. "3 Starters Typify Mets' New Deal; Three New Pets Which Hot Dog Is First?", The New York Times, March 7, 1978. Accessed January 23, 2011.
- ^ Pilgrim Journey, Wayne State University Press. Accessed September 24, 2007. "The daughter of a Baptist pastor, Madgett was born in Virginia and moved with her family to East Orange, New Jersey as a toddler."
- ^ Daniel F. Minahan, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
- ^ Norris, Chris. "Pop Goes the Ghetto", New York (magazine), June 19, 1995. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Treach - Naughty's machete-wielding, padlock-and-chain-wearing lead rapper - was drawing lines in his lyrics between Them and Us, set in a musical backdrop that erased them. And with that - and two more giant-selling singles - three kids from the slums of East Orange, New Jersey, became a pop band."
- ^ " Eddie Rabbitt, 56, Whose Songs Zigzagged From Pop to Country", The New York Times, May 9, 1998. Accessed November 3, 2007. "The son of Irish immigrants, he was born in Brooklyn and raised in East Orange, N.J."
- ^ Staff. "Shareefa's 'Point of No Return' Hits Stores October 24", Starpulse.com, October 8, 2006. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Raised between Brick City (Newark) and East Orange, young Shareefa was a fan of legendary singers from the time she was a child."
- ^ Albert Lincoln Vreeland, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
- ^ Hu, Winnie. "For a Singer’s 1940s Alma Mater, a 21st-Century Gift", The New York Times, September 21, 2010. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Once a neighborhood school called Lincoln, it was renamed for Ms. Warwick, a winner of five Grammy awards, in 1996 after becoming a theme school for business. Ms. Warwick attended the school, which now draws students from across the district, in the late 1940s."
- ^ William Halsted Wiley, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 11, 2007.
- ^ Eftimiades, Maria. "Radio Personality Without Limits", The New York Times, July 2, 1989. Accessed February 20, 2008.
Further reading
- Hart, William (2006). East Orange. Images of America. Charleston SC, Chicago: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-4549-X. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=_14r9yQ7C6AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:073854549X&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0&as_pt=BOOKS&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
External links
- East Orange website
- East Orange School District
- East Orange School District's 2009–10 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
- data for the East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics
- East Orange Community Charter School website
Municipalities and communities of Essex County, New Jersey Cities East Orange | Newark
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