- Hepato-biliary diseases
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Hepato-biliary diseases affect the liver and/or biliary tract, and are studied in the branch of medicine called Hepatology.
Liver diseases
Further information: Chronic liver diseaseViral hepatitis
- Acute hepatitis A
- Acute hepatitis B
- Acute Hepatitis D -this is actually a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B
- Acute hepatitis C
- Acute hepatitis E
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Other viral hepatitis virusses may exist but are not so firmly established as the previous ones: hepatitis G.
Liver dysfunction in other infectious diseases
- Hepatitis:
- cytomegalovirus infection
- herpesviral: herpes simplex infection
- Toxoplasmosis
- Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
- Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis
- Liver disease in syphilis
- Epstein-Barr virus infection
- yellow fever virus infection
- rubella virus infection
- leptospirosis
- Echinococcosis
- Amoebiasis
Other inflammatory liver diseases
- liver abscess
- autoimmune hepatitis
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- phlebitis of the portal vein
- granulomatous hepatitis
- Hepatic granulomas in:
Alcoholic liver disease
This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally hepatic failure.
Toxic liver disease
This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including
- cholestasis
- necrosis
- acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,
- cirrhosis
- Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic granulomas, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.
Liver damage is part of Reye's syndrome.
Liver tumours
Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)
- liver cell carcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatoma
- cholangiocarcinoma
- hepatoblastoma
- angiosarcoma of liver
- Kupffer cell sarcoma
- other sarcomas of liver
Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
End-stage liver disease
Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic toxic liver disease may cause
- hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome
- fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis may also occur in primary biliary cirrhosis. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.
Metabolic diseases
- metabolic diseases (chapter E in ICD-10)
Vascular disorders
- chronic passive congestion of liver
- central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver
- infarction of liver
- peliosis hepatis
- veno-occlusive disease
- portal hypertension
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cysts
- Congenital cystic disease of the liver
- Cysts caused by Echinococcus
- Hepatic cyst (liver cyst)
Others
Amyloid degeneration of liver
Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases
- malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder
- malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract
- extrahepatic bile duct
- ampulla of Vater
- cholelithiasis
- cholecystitis
- others (excluding postcholecystectomy syndrome), but including
- other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures)
- hydrops, perforation, fistula
- cholesterolosis
- biliary dyskinesia
- K83: other diseases of the biliary tract:
- cholangitis (including ascending cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis)
- obstruction, perforation, fistula of biliary tract
- spasm of sphincter of Oddi
- biliary cyst
- biliary atresia
Diagnosis
In hepatology, important signs and symptoms include:
- history of alcohol abuse
- liver function tests
- hepatomegaly
- hypoalbuminemia and ascites
- jaundice or icterus
- Murphy's sign
- liver biopsy
Treatment
Includes:
- motivate patient to stop drinking alcohol
- vaccination for hepatitis
- eradication of causative pathogens
- liver transplantion
- cholecystectomy
External links
Categories:- Diseases of liver
- Hepatology
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