- 95th United States Congress
-
95th United States Congress
United States Capitol (2002)Duration: January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1979 Senate President: Nelson Rockefeller (until Jan. 20, 1977)
Walter MondaleSenate Pres. pro tem: James Eastland House Speaker: Tip O'Neil Members: 100 Senators
435 Representatives
5 Non-voting membersSenate Majority: Democratic Party House Majority: Democratic Party Sessions 1st: January 4, 1977 – December 15, 1977
2nd: January 19, 1978 – October 15, 1978<94th 96th> The Ninety-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1977 to January 3, 1979, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. It was the last time either party held a filibuster-proof (60 member) majority in the Senate, until the 111th United States Congress in 2009 (in which both chambers once again held a Democratic majority).[1]
Major events
- January 20, 1977 — Inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale
- July 13, 1977 — New York City blackout of 1977
- August 4, 1977 — United States Department of Energy created
- January 1, 1978- The Northern Mariana Islands left the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to become a Commonwealth of the United States, making it unincorporated and organized.
- February 8, 1978 — Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time.
- August 7, 1978 — Emergency declared at Love Canal
- September 17, 1978 — Camp David Accords
- December 10, 1978 - normalization with China
Hearings
- Project MKULTRA — (Church Committee, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate Human Resources subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research)
Major legislation
- 1977-08-03 — Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, Pub.L. 95-87, 91 Stat. 445
- 1977-10-12 — Community Reinvestment Act, Pub.L. 95-128, title VIII, 91 Stat. 1147
- 1977-12-19 — Unlawful Corporate Payments Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95-213, including title I: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 91 Stat. 1494
- 1977-12-27 — Clean Water Act, Pub.L. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566
- 1977-12-28 — International Emergency Economic Powers Act, Pub.L. 95-223, title II, 91 Stat. 1626
- 1978-02-25 — Department of Energy Organization Act, Pub.L. 95-238, 92 Stat. 47
- 1978-03-10 — Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, Pub.L. 95-242, 92 Stat. 120
- 1978-10-10 — Susan B. Anthony dollar authorized
- 1978-10-13 — Civil Service Reform Act, Pub.L. 95-454, 92 Stat. 1111
- 1978-10-14 — Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act, Pub.L. 95-461, 92 Stat. 1268
- 1978-10-24 — Airline Deregulation Act, Pub.L. 95-504, 92 Stat. 1705
- 1978-10-25 — Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Pub.L. 95-511, 92 Stat. 1783
- 1978-10-26 — Ethics in Government Act, Pub.L. 95-521, 92 Stat. 1824
- 1978-10-27 — Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act, Pub.L. 95-523, 92 Stat. 1887
- 1978-10-31 — Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Pub.L. 95-555, 92 Stat. 2076
- 1978-11-01 — Contract Disputes Act, Pub.L. 95-563, 92 Stat. 2383
- 1978-11-06 — Bankruptcy Act of 1978, Pub.L. 95-598, 92 Stat. 2549
- 1978-11-09 — National Energy Conservation Policy Act, Pub.L. 95-619, 92 Stat. 3206
Treaties ratified
- March 16, 1978 — First of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties (Panama Canal) treaty: "The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal," commonly known as the "Neutrality Treaty"
- April 19, 1978 — Second of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties treaty, commonly known as "The Panama Canal Treaty"
Party summary
Senate
- Democratic (D): 61 (majority)
- Republican (R): 39
TOTAL members: 100
House of Representatives
- Democratic (D): 292 (majority)
- Republican (R): 143
TOTAL members: 435
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Nelson Rockefeller (R), until January 20, 1977
- Walter Mondale (D), from January 20, 1977
- President pro tempore: James Eastland (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.
See also: Category:United States SenatorsSee also: Category:United States congressional delegations by stateAlabama
- 2. John J. Sparkman (D)
- 3. James B. Allen (D), until June 1, 1978
- Maryon Pittman Allen (D), from June 8, 1978 until November 7, 1978
- Donald W. Stewart (D), from November 7, 1978
Alaska
- 2. Ted Stevens (R)
- 3. Mike Gravel (D)
Arizona
- 1. Dennis DeConcini (D)
- 3. Barry Goldwater (R)
Arkansas
- 2. John L. McClellan (D), until November 28, 1977
- Kaneaster Hodges, Jr. (D), from December 10, 1977
- 3. Dale L. Bumpers (D)
California
- 3. Alan MacGregor Cranston (D)
- 1. S. I. Hayakawa (R)
Colorado
- 2. Floyd K. Haskell (D)
- 3. Gary Hart (D)
Connecticut
- 3. Abraham A. Ribicoff (D)
- 1. Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. (R)
Delaware
- 1. William V. Roth, Jr. (R)
- 2. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (D)
Florida
- 1. Lawton Chiles (D)
- 3. Richard Stone (D)
Georgia
- 3. Herman E. Talmadge (D)
- 2. Sam Nunn (D)
Hawaii
- 1. Spark Masayuki Matsunaga (D)
- 3. Daniel K. Inouye (D)
Idaho
- 3. Frank Church (D)
- 2. James A. McClure (R)
Illinois
- 2. Charles H. Percy (R)
- 3. Adlai Stevenson III (D)
Indiana
- 1. Richard G. Lugar (R)
- 3. Birch E. Bayh II (D)
Iowa
- 2. Richard C. Clark (D)
- 3. John C. Culver (D)
Kansas
- 2. James B. Pearson (R), until December 23, 1978
- Nancy Landon Kassebaum (R), from December 23, 1978
- 3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky
- 2. Walter D. Huddleston (D)
- 3. Wendell H. Ford (D)
Louisiana
- 3. Russell B. Long (D)
- 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)
Maine
- 1. Edmund S. Muskie (D)
- 2. William D. Hathaway (D)
Maryland
- 3. Charles Mathias, Jr. (R)
- 1. Paul Sarbanes (D)
Massachusetts
- 1. Edward Kennedy (D)
- 2. Edward Brooke (R)
Michigan
- 2. Robert P. Griffin (R)
- 1. Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D)
Minnesota
- 2. Wendell Anderson, (DFL), until December 29, 1978
- Rudy Boschwitz (R), from December 30, 1978
- 1. Hubert Humphrey, (DFL), until January 13, 1978
- Muriel Humphrey, (DFL), from January 25, 1978 until November 7, 1978
- David Durenberger (R), from November 8, 1978
Mississippi
- 2. James O. Eastland (D), until December 27, 1978
- Thad Cochran (R), from December 27, 1978
- 1. John C. Stennis (D)
Missouri
- 1. John C. Danforth (R)
- 3. Thomas F. Eagleton (D)
Montana
- 1. John Melcher (D)
- 2. Lee Metcalf (D), until January 12, 1978
- Paul G. Hatfield (D), from January 22, 1978 until December 12, 1978
- Max Baucus (D), from December 15, 1978
Nebraska
- 1. Edward Zorinsky (D)
- 2. Carl T. Curtis (R)
Nevada
- 1. Howard W. Cannon (D)
- 3. Paul Laxalt (R)
New Hampshire
- 2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D)
- 3. John A. Durkin (D)
New Jersey
- 2. Clifford P. Case (R)
- 1. Harrison A. Williams (D)
New Mexico
- 1. Harrison Schmitt (R)
- 2. Pete V. Domenici (R)
New York
- 3. Jacob K. Javits (R)
- 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
North Carolina
- 2. Jesse Helms (R)
- 3. Robert B. Morgan (D)
North Dakota
- 3. Milton R. Young (R)
- 1. Quentin N. Burdick (D)
Ohio
- 3. John H. Glenn Jr. (D)
- 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)
Oklahoma
- 3. Henry Bellmon (R)
- 2. Dewey F. Bartlett (R)
Oregon
- 2. Mark O. Hatfield (R)
- 3. Robert W. Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania
- 1. H. John Heinz III (R)
- 3. Richard S. Schweiker (R)
Rhode Island
- 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
- 1. John H. Chafee (R)
South Carolina
- 2. Strom Thurmond (R)
- 3. Ernest F. Hollings (D)
South Dakota
- 3. George S. McGovern (D)
- 2. James Abourezk (D)
Tennessee
- 2. Howard Baker (R)
- 1. James R. Sasser (D)
Texas
- 2. John Tower (R)
- 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
Utah
- 1. Orrin Hatch (R)
- 3. Jake Garn (R)
Vermont
- 1. Robert T. Stafford (R)
- 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia
- 1. Harry F. Byrd, Jr. (I)
- 2. William L. Scott (R), until January 1, 1979
- John Warner (R), from January 2, 1979
Washington
- 3. Warren G. Magnuson (D)
- 1. Henry M. Jackson (D)
West Virginia
- 2. Jennings Randolph (D)
- 1. Robert Byrd (D)
Wisconsin
- 1. William Proxmire (D)
- 3. Gaylord A. Nelson (D)
Wyoming
- 1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
- 2. Clifford P. Hansen (R), until December 31, 1978
- Alan K. Simpson (R), from January 1, 1979
House of Representatives
Section contents: Alabama — Alaska — Arizona —Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia — Wisconsin — Wyoming — Non-voting members Members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
See also: Category:Members of the United States House of RepresentativesSee also: Category:United States congressional delegations by stateChanges in Membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 11
- Democratic: 3 seat net loss
- Republican: 3 seat net gain
- deaths: 4
- resignations: 5
- vacancy:
- Total seats with changes: 9
State
(class)Former senator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
installationArkansas
(2)John L. McClellan
(D)Died November 28, 1977 Kaneaster Hodges, Jr.
(D)December 10, 1977 Montana
(2)Lee Metcalf
(D)Died January 12, 1978 Paul G. Hatfield
(D)January 22, 1978 Minnesota
(1)Hubert Humphrey
(DFL)Died January 13, 1978 Muriel Humphrey
(D)January 25, 1978 Alabama
(3)James Allen
(D)Died June 1, 1978 Maryon Pittman Allen
(D)June 8, 1978 Alabama
(3)Maryon Pittman Allen
(D)Successor elected November 7, 1978 Donald Stewart
(D)November 7, 1978 Minnesota
(1)Muriel Humphrey
(DFL)Successor elected November 7, 1978 David Durenberger
(R)November 8, 1978 Montana
(2)Paul G. Hatfield
(D)Successor elected and resigned early December 12, 1978 Max Baucus
(D)December 15, 1978 Kansas
(2)James B. Pearson
(R)Resigned December 23, 1978 Nancy Kassebaum
(R)December 23, 1978 Mississippi
(2)James Eastland
(D)Resigned December 27, 1978 Thad Cochran
(R)December 27, 1978 Minnesota
(2)Wendell Anderson
(DFL)Resigned December 29, 1978 Rudy Boschwitz
(R)December 30, 1978 Wyoming
(2)Clifford Hansen
(R)Resigned December 31, 1978 Alan K. Simpson
(R)January 1, 1979 Virginia
(2)William L. Scott
(R)Resigned January 1, 1979 John Warner
(R)January 2, 1979 House of Representatives
- replacements: 6
- Democratic: 4 seat net loss
- Republican: 4 seat net gain
- deaths: 6
- resignations: 21
- contested election:
- Total seats with changes: 25
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
installationMinnesota 7th Robert Bergland (DFL) Resigned January 22, 1977 after being appointed United States Secretary of Agriculture Arlan Stangeland (R) February 22, 1977 Washington 7th Brock Adams (D) Resigned January 22, 1977 after being appointed United States Secretary of Transportation John E. Cunningham (R) May 17, 1977 Georgia 5th Andrew Young (D) Resigned January 29, 1977 after being appointed United States Ambassador to the United Nations Wyche Fowler (D) April 6, 1977 Louisiana 1st Richard A. Tonry (D) Forced to resign May 4, 1977 Bob Livingston (R) August 27, 1977 New York 18th Ed Koch (D) Resigned January 31, 1977 after being elected Mayor of New York City S. William Green (R) February 14, 1978 New York 21st Herman Badillo (D-L) Resigned January 31, 1977 after becoming Deputy Mayor of New York City Robert García (R-L) February 14, 1978 New York 21st Robert García (R-L) Changed parties February 21, 1978 Robert García (D) February 21, 1978 Tennessee 5th Clifford Allen (D) Died June 18, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term California 18th William M. Ketchum (R) Died June 24, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Illinois 1st Ralph Metcalfe (D) Died October 10, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Maryland 6th Goodloe Byron (D) Died October 11, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term California 11th Leo Ryan (D) Murdered by members of the Peoples Temple at the Guyana Airport November 18, 1978 shortly before the Jonestown Massacre Vacant Not filled this term Wisconsin 6th William A. Steiger (R) Died December 4, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Montana 1st Max Baucus (D) Resigned December 14, 1978 after being appointed to the US Senate Vacant Not filled this term Mississippi 4th Thad Cochran (R) Resigned December 26, 1978 after being appointed to the US Senate Vacant Not filled this term Wyoming At-large Teno Roncalio (D) Resigned December 30, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term California 3rd John E. Moss (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term California 14th John J. McFall (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term California 33rd Del M. Clawson (R) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Kansas 5th Joe Skubitz (R) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Michigan 10th Elford A. Cederberg (R) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term New Jersey 14th Joseph A. LeFante (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term New York 9th James Delaney (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Texas 6th Olin E. Teague (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Texas 11th William R. Poage (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Texas 17th Omar Burleson (D) Resigned December 31, 1978 Vacant Not filled this term Employees
Senate
House of Representatives
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
United States Congresses (and years begun) 111 (2009)
112 (2011)
113 (2013)Categories:
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