16th United States Congress

The Sixteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4 1819 to March 3 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
[
United States Capitol (1827)]

Dates of sessions

March 4 1819 - March 3 1821
*First session: December 6 1819 - May 15 1820
*Second session: November 13 1820 - March 3 1821 — a lame duck sessionPrevious: 15th Congress • Next: 17th Congress

Major events

Major legislation

* March 6, 1820 — Missouri Compromise, Sess. 1, ch. 22, USStat|3|545
* April 24 1820 — Land Act of 1820, Sess. 1, ch. 51, USStat|3|566

tates admitted and territories created

*December 14 1819 — Alabama was admitted as a state into the Union.
*March 15 1820 — Maine was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly part of Massachusetts

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

enate

*Democratic-Republican (DR): 37 "(majority)"
*Federalist (F): 9TOTAL members: 46

House of Representatives

*Democratic-Republican (DR): 160 "(majority)"
*Federalist (F): 26TOTAL members: 186

Leadership

enate

*President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
*President "pro tempore":
** James Barbour, (DR), elected December 6 1819
** John Gaillard, (DR), elected January 25 1820

House of Representatives

*Speaker:
** Henry Clay (DR), December 6 1819 – October 28 1820
** John Taylor, (DR), elected November 15 1820

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

enate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.

= Alabama =

* 3. John W. Walker (DR)
* 2. William R. King (DR)

= Connecticut =

* 1. Samuel W. Dana (F)
* 3. James Lanman (DR)

= Delaware =

* 1. Outerbridge Horsey (F)
* 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (F)

= Georgia =

* 3. John Elliott (DR)
* 2. Freeman Walker (DR)

= Illinois =

* 2. Jesse B. Thomas (DR)
* 3. Ninian Edwards (DR)

= Indiana =

* 1. James Noble (DR)
* 3. Waller Taylor (DR)

= Kentucky =

* 3. William Logan (DR)
*: Isham Talbot (DR)
* 2. Richard M. Johnson (DR)

= Louisiana =

* 2. Henry Johnson (DR)
* 3. James Brown (DR)

= Maine =

* 2. John Chandler (DR)
* 1. John Holmes (DR)

= Maryland =

* 1. Alexander C. Hanson (F)
*: William Pinkney (DR)
* 3. Edward Lloyd (DR)

= Massachusetts =

* 2. Harrison Gray Otis (F)
* 1. Prentiss Mellen (F)
*: Elijah H. Mills (F)

= Mississippi =

* 1. Walter Leake (DR)
*: David Holmes (DR)
* 2. Thomas H. Williams (DR)

= New Hampshire =

* 2. David L. Morril (DR)
* 3. John F. Parrott (DR)

= New Jersey =

* 1. James J. Wilson (DR)
*: Samuel L. Southard (DR)
* 2. Mahlon Dickerson (DR)

= New York =

* 3. Rufus King (F)
* 1. Nathan Sanford (DR)

= North Carolina =

* 3. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
* 2. Montfort Stokes (DR)

= Ohio =

* 1. Benjamin Ruggles (DR)
* 3. William A. Trimble (DR)

= Pennsylvania =

* 1. Jonathan Roberts (DR)
* 3. Walter Lowrie (DR)

= Rhode Island =

* 1. William Hunter (F)
* 2. James Burrill, Jr. (F)
*: Nehemiah R. Knight (DR)

= South Carolina =

* 3. John Gaillard (DR)
* 2. William Smith (DR)

= Tennessee =

* 2. John Williams (DR)
* 1. John H. Eaton (DR)

= Vermont =

* 1. Isaac Tichenor (F)
* 3. William A. Palmer (DR)

= Virginia =

* 1. James Barbour (DR)
* 2. John W. Eppes (DR)
*: James Pleasants (DR)

House of Representatives

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

= Alabama =

*ushr|Alabama|AL|At-large. John Crowell (DR)

= Connecticut =

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Henry W. Edwards (DR)
*. Samuel A. Foote (DR)
*. Jonathan O. Moseley (DR)
*. Elisha Phelps (DR)
*. John Russ (DR)
*. James Stevens (DR)
*. Gideon Tomlinson (DR)

= Delaware =

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Willard Hall (DR)
*. Louis McLane (F)

= Georgia =

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Joel Abbott (DR)
*. Thomas W. Cobb (DR)
*. Joel Crawford (DR)
*. John A. Cuthbert (DR)
*. Robert R. Reid (DR)
*. William Terrell (DR)

= Illinois =

*. Daniel P. Cook (DR)

= Indiana =

*. William Hendricks (DR)

= Kentucky =

*. David Trimble (DR)
*. Henry Clay (DR)
*. William Brown (DR)
*. Thomas Metcalfe (DR)
*. Alney McLean (DR)
*. David Walker (DR)
*: Francis Johnson (DR)
*. George Robertson (DR)
*. Richard C. Anderson, Jr. (DR)
*. Tunstal Quarles (DR)
*: Thomas Montgomery (DR)
*. Benjamin Hardin (DR)

= Louisiana =

*. Thomas Butler (DR)

= Maine =

*. Joseph Dane (F), seated November 6, 1820

= Maryland =

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
*. Raphael Neale (F)
*. Joseph Kent (DR)
*. Henry R. Warfield (F)
*. Samuel Ringgold (DR)
*. Peter Little (DR)
*. Samuel Smith (DR)
*. Stevenson Archer (DR)
*. Thomas Culbreth (DR)
*. Thomas Bayly (F)

= Massachusetts =

*. Jonathan Mason (F)
*: Benjamin Gorham (DR)
*. Nathaniel Silsbee (DR)
*. Jeremiah Nelson (F)
*. Timothy Fuller (DR)
*. Samuel Lathrop (F)
*. Samuel C. Allen (F)
*. Henry Shaw (DR)
*. Zabdiel Sampson (DR)
*: Aaron Hobart (DR)
*. Walter Folger, Jr. (DR)
*. Marcus Morton (DR)
*. Benjamin Adams (F)
*. Jonas Kendall (F)
*. Edward Dowse (DR)
*: William Eustis (DR)
*. John Holmes (DR), resigned March 15, 1820, vacant to end
*. Ezekiel Whitman (F)
*. Mark L. Hill (DR)
*. Martin Kinsley (DR)
*. James Parker (DR)
*. Joshua Cushman (DR)
*. Enoch Lincoln (DR)

= Mississippi =

*. Christopher Rankin (DR)

= New Hampshire =

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Joseph Buffum, Jr. (DR)
*. Josiah Butler (DR)
*. Clifton Clagett (DR)
*. Arthur Livermore (DR)
*. William Plumer, Jr. (DR)
*. Nathaniel Upham (DR)

= New Jersey =

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Ephraim Bateman (DR)
*. Joseph Bloomfield (DR)
*. John Condit (DR)
*: Charles Kinsey (DR)
*. John Linn (DR)
*. Bernard Smith (DR)
*. Henry Southard (DR)

= New York =

There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives.
*. Ebenezer Sage (DR)
*: James Guyon, Jr. (DR)
*. Silas Wood (DR)
*. Henry Meigs (DR)
*. Peter H. Wendover (DR)
*. Caleb Tompkins (DR)
*. Randall S. Street (DR)
*. James Strong (F)
*. Walter Case (DR)
*. Jacob H. De Witt (DR)
*. Robert Clark (DR)
*. Solomon Van Rensselaer (F)
*. John D. Dickinson (F)
*. John W. Taylor (DR)
*. Ezra C. Gross (DR)
*. Nathaniel Pitcher (DR)
*. Harmanus Peek (DR)
*. John Fay (DR)
*. Joseph S. Lyman (DR)
*. Robert Monell (DR)
*. Henry R. Storrs (F)
*. Aaron Hackley, Jr. (DR)
*. William D. Ford (DR)
*. George Hall (DR)
*. Caleb Baker (DR)
*. Jonathan Richmond (DR)
*. Nathaniel Allen (DR)
*. Albert H. Tracy (F)

= North Carolina =

*. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
*. Hutchins G. Burton (DR)
*. Thomas H. Hall (DR)
*. Jesse Slocumb (F)
*: William S. Blackledge (DR)
*. Charles Hooks (DR)
*. Weldon N. Edwards (DR)
*. John Culpepper (F)
*. James S. Smith (DR)
*. Thomas Settle (DR)
*. Charles Fisher (DR)
*. William Davidson (F)
*. Felix Walker (DR)
*. Lewis Williams (DR)

= Ohio =

*. Thomas R. Ross (DR)
*. John W. Campbell (DR)
*. Henry Brush (DR)
*. Samuel Herrick (DR)
*. Philemon Beecher (F)
*. John Sloane (DR)

= Pennsylvania =

There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.
*. Samuel Edwards (F)
*. Thomas Forrest (F)
*. Joseph Hemphill (F)
*. John Sergeant (F)
*. William Darlington (DR)
*. Samuel Gross (DR)
*. Jacob Hibshman (DR)
*. James M. Wallace (DR)
*. Jacob Hostetter (DR)
*. Andrew Boden (DR)
*. David Fullerton (DR)
*: Thomas G. McCullough (F)
*. Samuel Moore (DR)
*. Thomas J. Rogers (DR)
*. Joseph Hiester (DR)
*: Daniel Udree (DR)
*. Robert Philson (DR)
*. William P. Maclay (DR)
*. George Denison (DR)
*. John Murray (DR)
*. David Marchand (DR)
*. Thomas Patterson (DR)
*. Christian Tarr (DR)
*. Henry Baldwin (DR)
*. Robert Moore (DR)

= Rhode Island =

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Samuel Eddy (DR)
*. Nathaniel Hazard (DR)

= South Carolina =

*. Charles Pinckney (DR)
*. William Lowndes (DR)
*. James Ervin (DR)
*. James Overstreet (DR)
*. Starling Tucker (DR)
*. Eldred Simkins (DR)
*. Elias Earle (DR)
*. John McCreary (DR)
*. Joseph Brevard (DR)

= Tennessee =

*. John Rhea (DR)
*. John Cocke (DR)
*. Francis Jones (DR)
*. Robert Allen (DR)
*. Newton Cannon (DR)
*. Henry H. Bryan (DR)

= Vermont =

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
*. Samuel C. Crafts (DR)
*. Ezra Meech (DR)
*. Orsamus C. Merrill (DR)
*: Rollin C. Mallary (DR)
*. Charles Rich (DR)
*. Mark Richards (DR)
*. William Strong (DR)

= Virginia =

*. James Pindall (F)
*: Edward B. Jackson (DR)
*. Thomas Van Swearingen (F)
*. Jared Williams (DR)
*. William McCoy (DR)
*. John Floyd (DR)
*. Alexander Smyth (DR)
*. Ballard Smith (DR)
*. Charles F. Mercer (F)
*. William Lee Ball (DR)
*. George F. Strother (DR)
*: Thomas L. Moore (DR)
*. Philip P. Barbour (DR)
*. Robert S. Garnett (DR)
*. Severn E. Parker (DR)
*. William A. Burwell (DR)
*. George Tucker (DR)
*. John Randolph (DR)
*. James Pleasants (DR)
*: William S. Archer (DR)
*. Mark Alexander (DR)
*. James Jones (DR)
*. James Johnson (DR)
*: John C. Gray (DR)
*. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
*. Hugh Nelson (DR)
*. John Tyler (DR)

Non-voting members

*. James W. Bates
*. Solomon Sibley
*: William Woodbridge
*. John Scott

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, 2 vacancies before the Congress, and 4 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had an 7 seat net gain and the Federalists had a 1 seat net loss.

House of Representatives

There were 13 resignations, 5 deaths, 2 contested elections, and 2 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 3 seat net loss and the Federalists had no net change.

Officers

*Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8 1818

Senate

*Secretary: Charles Cutts of New Hampshire, elected October 11 1814
*Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6 1811
*Chaplain:
** Reuben Post, "Presbyterian", elected December 9 1819
** William Ryland, "Methodist", elected November 17 1820

House of Representatives

*Clerk: Thomas Dougherty of Kentucky, elected December 6 1819
*Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected December 6 1819
*Doorkeeper of the House: Thomas Claxton, elected December 6 1819
*Chaplain:
** Burgess Allison, "Baptist", elected December 6 1819
** John N. Campbell, "Presbyterian", elected November 18 1820

References

*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =
*cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
* [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]