Czech exonyms

Czech exonyms

The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.

Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).

Language English or native name Czech exonym
 Albania Albánie
Albanian Durrës Drač
Shkodër Skadar
 Algeria Alžírsko
Arabic الجزائر (al-Jazā'ir/al-Džazá'ir) Alžír
وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán) Oran
 Austria Rakousko[1][nb 1]
German List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria
 Azerbaijan Ázerbájdžán
Azerbaijani Bakı Baku
 Belarus Bělorusko
BelarusianRussian Гроднa (Hrodna)Гроднo (Grodno) Grodno
Навагрудак (Navahrudak)Новогрудок (Novogrudok) Novogrodek
Рэчыца (Rechytsa/Rečyca)Речица (Rechitsa/Rečica) Řečice
Заслаўе (Zaslawye/Zaslauje)Заславль (Zaslavl') Zaslav, Záslaví
 Belgium Belgie
FrenchDutch AnversAntwerpen Antverpy
BrugesBrugge Bruggy
BruxellesBrussel Brusel
LouvainLeuven Lovaň
LiègeLuik Lutych
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna a Hercegovina
Bosnian Bihać Bihač
 China Čína
Mandarin Chinese – Uyghur 北京 (Běijīng/Pej-ťing) Peking
广州 (Guǎngzhōu/Kuang-čou) Kanton
哈尔滨 (Hāěrbīn/Cha-er-pin) Charbin
喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š')قەشقەر (Qeshqer/Kešker) Kašgar
南京 (Nánjīng/Nan-ťing) Nanking
莎车 (Shāchē/Ša-čche) – يەكەن (Yeken/Jeken) Jarkand
上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj) Šanghaj
 Côte d'Ivoire Pobřeží slonoviny
French Abidjan Abidžan
 Croatia Chorvatsko
Croatian Dubrovnik Dubrovník
Makarska Makarská
Šibenik Šibeník
Zagreb Záhřeb
 Cuba Kuba
Spanish La Habana Havana
 Cyprus Kypr
GreekTurkish Λευκωσία (Lefkosía/Lefkósia)Lefkoşa Nikósie
 Denmark Dánsko
Danish København Kodaň
 Egypt Egypt
Arabic الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja) Alexandrie
الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka) Hurghada
الأقصر (al-Uqṣur/al-Uksur) Luxor
السويس (as-Suways/as-Suwajs) Suez
 Estonia Estonsko
Estonian Pärnu Pernava
 Finland Finsko
FinnishSwedish HelsinkiHelsingfors Helsinky
 France Francie
French Crécy-en-Ponthieu Kresčak
Lourdes Lurdy
Metz Mety
Mulhouse Mylhúzy
Paris Paříž
Reims Remeš
Strasbourg Štrasburk
 Ghana Ghana
English Accra Akkra
 Germany Německo[1][nb 2]
German List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany
 Greece Řecko
Greek Αθήνα (Athína/Athina) Athény
Κέρκυρα (Kérkyra/Kerkyra) Korfu
Κόρινθος (Kórinthos/Korinthos) Korint
Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina/Ióannina) Janina
Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Pireas) Pireus
Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki/Thessaloniki) Soluň
Θήβα (Thíva/Thiva) Théby
 Hungary Maďarsko[nb 3]
Hungarian Budapest, Buda Budapešť, Budín
Debrecen Debrecín
Esztergom Ostřihom
Győr Ráb
Kisvárda Malý Varadín
Miskolc Miškovec
Mohács Moháč
Mosonmagyaróvár Uherské Staré Hrady
Pécs Pětikostelí
Sopron Šoproň
Szeged Segedín
Székesfehérvár Stoličný Bělehrad
Szombathely Kamenec
 India Indie
Gujarati – English અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)Ahmedabad Ahmadábád
Bengali কলকাতা (Kolkata) Kalkata
Marathi – English मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)Mumbai Bombaj
Hindi – English नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)New Delhi Nové Dillí
बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)Varanasi Benáres
 Indonesia Indonésie
Bahasa Indonesia Jakarta Džakarta
 Israel Izrael
HebrewArabic ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds) Jeruzalém
חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá) Haifa
נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira) Nazaret
טבריה (Tverya/Tverja)طبرية (Ṭabariyyah/Tabarija) Tiberias
 Iraq Irák
ArabicKurdish الموصل (al-Mawsil/al-Mausíl)Mûsil Mosul
 Italy Itálie[1][nb 4]
Italian Bologna Boloňa
Florence (Italian: Firenze) Florencie
Genoa (Genova) Janov
Gorizia Gorice
Milan (Milano) Milán
Naples (Napoli) Neapol
Pompeii Pompeje
Rome (Roma) Řím
Syracuse (Siracusa) Syrakúsy
Turin (Torino) Turín
Trento Trident
Trieste Terst
Venice (Venezia) Benátky
 Japan Japonsko
Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō/Tókjó) Tokio
 Laos Laos
Lao ວຽງຈັນ (Viang-chan/?) Vientiane
 Lebanon Libanon
ArabicFrench بيروت (Bayrūt/Bajrút)Beyrouth Bejrút
 Libya Libye
Arabic طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus) Tripolis
 Lithuania Litva
Lithuanian Kaunas Kovno
Klaipėda Klajpeda
Šiauliai Šavle
Trakai Troky
Vilnius Vilno
 Luxembourg Lucembursko
German Diekirch Kostelec
 Moldova Moldavsko
Românian Chişinǎu Kišiněv
 Montenegro Černá Hora
Montenegrin Nikšić Nikšič
 Morocco Maroko
Arabic فاس (Fās/Fás) Fez
مكناس (Maknās/Maknás) Meknes
مراكش (Murrākush/Murrákuš) Marrákeš
وجدة (Wajda/Wadžda) Udžda
طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža) Tanger
 Netherlands Nizozemí
Dutch Groningen Groninky
 Pakistan Pákistán
Urdu – English کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta)Quetta Kvéta
 Palestine Palestina
ArabicHebrew بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem) Betlém
الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)חברון (Hevron/Chevron) Hebron
نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)שכם (Shkhem/Šchem) Nábulus
رام الله (Rāmallāh/Rámalláh) Ramalláh
 Poland Polsko
Polish Białogard Bělehrad
Bielsko-Biała Bílsko-Bělá
Baborów Bavorov
Bogdanowice Bohdanovice
Bolesławiec Boleslav
Brzeg Břeh
Bydgoszcz Bydhošť
Bystrzyca Kłodzka Kladská Bystřice
Chełmno Chlumno
Chełmża Chlumže
Chomiąża Chomýž
Chorzów Chořov
Częstochowa Čenstochová
Drezdenko Drezno
Duszniki Zdrój Dušníky
Gdańsk Gdaňsk
Gdynia Gdyně
Gliwice Hlivice
Głogów Hlohov
Głogówek Horní Hlohov
Głubczyce Hlubčice
Głuchołazy Hlucholazy
Gniezno Hnězdno
Grodków Hrádek
Gubin Hubno
Inowrocław Mladá Vratislav
Jawor Javory
Jelenia Góra Jelení Hora
Katowice Katovice
Katyń Katyň
Kędzierzyn-Koźle Kandřín-Kozlí
Kietrz Ketř
Kłodzko Kladsko
Kluczbork Klučborek
Kołobrzeg Kolobřeh
Koszalin Kozlín
Kostrzyn nad Odrą Kostřín
Kraków Krakov
Krasne Pole Krásne Loučky
Kudowa-Zdrój Lázně Chudoba
Lądek Zdrój Lázně Landek
Leszno Lešno
Legnica Lehnice
Lewice Levice
Lidzbark Warmiński Lizberk
Lisięcice Lištice
Łódź Lodž
Międzylesie Mezilesí
Mieroszów Frýdlant ve Slezsku
Myślibórz Mysliboř
Nowa Cerekwia Nová Cerekev
Nowa Ruda Nová Ruda
Nowy Sącz Nový Sadec
Nysa Nisa
Oława Olava
Oleśnica Olešnice
Olsztyn Olštýn
Opawica Opavice
Opole Opolí
Oświęcim Osvětim
Paczków Pačkov
Pielgrzymów Pelhřimovy
Poznań Poznaň
Pszczyna Pština
Racibórz Ratiboř
Radków Radkov
Rawicz Ravič
Rzepin Řepín
Sandomierz Sandoměř
Słupsk Sloup
Sopot Sopoty
Środa Śląska Slezská Středa
Stara Lomnica Stará Lomnice na Kladsku
Strzelin Střelín
Świdnica Svidnice
Świnoujście Svinoústí
Szczecin Štětín
Szczecinek Nový Štětín
Szklarska Poręba Sklářská Poruba
Tarnowskie Góry Tarnovice
Toruń Toruň
Wałbrzych Valbřich
Wambierzyce Vambeřice
Warszawa Varšava
Warta Varta
Włodzienin Vladěnín
Wojnowice Vojanovice
Wolin Volyň
Wrocław Vratislav
Żagań Zaháň
Żary Žarov
Zgorzelec Zhořelec
Ziębice Minstrberk
Zielona Góra Zelená Hora
Złoty Stok Rychleby
 Portugal Portugalsko
Portuguese Lisboa Lisabon
 Romania Rumunsko
Românian Alba Iulia Karlovský Bělehrad
Baia Nouă Nové Doly
Berzasca Berzáska
Bistriţa Bystřice
Botoşani Botušany
Bozovici Božovice
Brașov Brašov
Bucureşti Bukurešť
Cluj-Napoca Kluž
Constanţa Konstanca
Craiova Krajova
Eşelniţa Ješelnice
Galaţi Galac
Iablaniţa Jablonice
Iaşi Jasy
Liubcova Lubková
Oradea Velký Varadín
Oraviţa Oravice
Orşova Oršava
Piteşti Pitešť
Ploieşti Ploješť
Reşiţa Rešice
Sibiu Sibiň
Sighetu Marmaţiei Marmarošská Sihoť
Sighişoara Segešvár, Šigišov
Şopotu Nou Bušava
Suceava Sučava
Sviniţa Svinice
Timişoara Temešvár
 Russia Rusko
Russian Калининград (Kaliningrad) Královec
Орёл (Oryol/Orjol) Orel
Санкт-Петербург (Sankt Peterburg/Sankt-Petěrburg) Petrohrad
Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk) Tylže
 Saudi Arabia Saúdská Arábie
Arabic المدينة المنورة (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah/al-Madína al-Munawwara) Medína
مكة (Makkah/Makka) Mekka
 Serbia Srbsko
Serbian Београд, Beograd Bělehrad
Нови Сад, Novi Sad Nový Sad
Петроварадин, Petrovaradin Petrovaradín
Сремски Карловци, Sremski Karlovci Sremské Karlovce
 Slovenia Slovinsko
Slovene Kranj Kraň
Ljubljana Lublaň
Nova Gorica Gorice
 Somalia Somálsko
SomaliArabic Muqdishoمقديشو (Maqadīshū/Makadíšú) Mogadišu
Hargaysaهرجيسا (Harjaisā/Hardžajsá) Hargeysa
 South Africa Jihoafrická republika
English – Afrikaans Cape TownKaapstad Kapské Město
 Spain Španělsko
Spanish – Catalan ValenciaValència Valencie
 Switzerland Švýcarsko
GermanFrench BaselBâle Basilej
GenfGenève Ženeva
SchaffhausenSchaffhouse Šafhúsy
Sankt GallenSaint-Gall Svatý Havel
Sankt MoritzSaint-Moritz Svatý Mořic
ZürichZurich Curych
 Syria Sýrie
Arabic دمشق (Dimashq/Dimašk) Damašek
 Thailand Thajsko
Thai กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep) Bangkok
 Turkey Turecko
Turkish Edirne Drinopol
İstanbul Konstantinopol, Cařihrad
İzmir Smyrna
İznik Nikaia
 Turkmenistan Turkmenistán
Turkmen Aşgabat Ašchabad
 Ukraine Ukrajina
Ukrainian Дніпропетровськ (Dnipropetrovsk) Dněpropetrovsk
Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv) Charkov
Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv) Černigov, Černihov
Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl) Černobyl
Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn) Chotim
Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv) Kyjev
Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih) Krivoj Rog
Львів (Lviv) Lvov
Новгород-Сіверський (Novhorod-Siverskyi/Novhorod-Siverskyj) Novgorod Severský
Володимир-Волинський (Volodymyr-Volynskyi/Volodymyr-Volynskyj) Vladimir Volyňský
Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja) Záporoží
 United States Spojené státy americké
English Philadelphia Filadelfie
 United Kingdom Spojené království
English Edinburgh Edinburk
London Londýn
 Uzbekistan Uzbekistán
Uzbek Toshkent Taškent
 Vietnam Vietnam
Vietnamese Hà Nội Hanoj
Language Native name Czech exonym

Notes

  1. ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
  2. ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
  3. ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
  4. ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me." Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Retrieved 15 July 2011.

See also


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Czech exonyms (Głubczyce) — Below is a list of Czech language exonyms for towns and villages in the areas surrounding the Polish town of Głubczyce.*Baborów Bavorov *Bogdanowice Bohdanovice *Chomiąża Chomýž *Głubczyce Hlubčice *Kietrz Ketř *Krasne Pole Krásne Loučky *Lewice… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany — This is a list of Czech language exonyms for towns located in Germany.*Aachen Cáchy *Altenburg Starohrad *Augsburg Augšpurk *Bad Doberan Dobřany *Bad Kissingen Chýžice *Bad Muskau Mužakov *Bad Schandau Žandov *Bamberg Bamberk *Bautzen Budyšín… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Czech exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia — Below is a list of Czech language exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia ( cs. Těšínské Slezsko, pl. Śląsk Cieszyński).ee also* List of German exonyms for places in Cieszyn Silesia * List of Polish exonyms for places in the… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Polish exonyms for places in the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia — Below is a list of Polish language exonyms for places in the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia ( cs. Těšínské Slezsko, pl. Śląsk Cieszyński).ee also* List of Czech exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia * List of German exonyms for… …   Wikipedia

  • List of European exonyms — Below is a list with links to further Wikipedia pages containing lists of exonyms of various European languages for villages, towns, and cities in Europe.*Albanian exonyms *Basque exonyms *Belarusian exonyms *Bulgarian exonyms *Croatian exonyms… …   Wikipedia

  • List of German exonyms for places in Cieszyn Silesia — Below is a list of German language exonyms for places in Cieszyn Silesia ( cs. Těšínské Slezsko, pl. Śląsk Cieszyński, de. Teschener Schlesien). Czech part Polish part See also * List of Czech exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn… …   Wikipedia

  • German exonyms — Below is list of German language exonyms for former German places and places in non German speaking areas of the world : Links to more extensive lists;Belgium * List of German exonyms for places in Belgium;Czech Republic * List of German exonyms… …   Wikipedia

  • List of German exonyms for places in the Czech Republic — Below are links to subpages with more detailed listings of the German language names of towns and villages in different regions of the Czech Republic. Many of these German names are now exonyms, but used to be endonyms commonly used by the local… …   Wikipedia

  • Danish exonyms — Contents 1 Albania 2 Belgium 3 Czech Republic 4 Faroe Island …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch exonyms — Below is list of Dutch language exonyms for places in non Dutch speaking areas of Europe Contents 1 Links to more extensive lists 1.1 Belgium (België) …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”