Sighetu Marmaţiei

:"Sighet" redirects here. For the Hasidic dynasy, see Sighet (Hasidic dynasty)."Infobox Settlement
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = ROU
timezone=EET
utc_offset=+2
timezone_DST=EEST
utc_offset_DST=+3
map_caption = Location of Sighetu Marmaţiei in Romania
|official_name=Sighetu Marmaţiei




map_caption1=Location of Sighetu Marmaţiei in Maramureş
image_shield=coa_sighet_ro.pngsubdivision_type1=County
subdivision_name1=Maramureş County
subdivision_type2=Status
subdivision_name2=Autolink|Municipality
settlement_type=Municipality|
leader_title=Mayor
leader_name=Eugenia Godja
|leader_party=Social Democratic Party
area_total_km2=
population_as_of=2002
population_total=44185|latd=47|latm=55|lats=43|latNS=N|longd=23|longm=53|longs=33|longEW=E|
website=http://www.primaria-sighet.ro/

Sighetu Marmaţiei, also spelled Sighetul Marmaţiei (Ukrainian: "Сигіт", Hungarian: "Máramarossziget", Rusyn: "Syhot", _yi. סיגעט-"Siget"), formerly "Sighet", is a city (municipality) in Maramureş County near the Iza River, in north-western Romania. Its name in Hungarian means Island in Máramaros (Sziget=island)

Geography

Neighboring communities include: Sărăsau, Săpânţa, Câmpulung la Tisa, Ocna Şugatag, Giuleşti, Vadu Izei, Rona de Jos and Bocicoiu Mare communities in Romania, Bila Cerkva community and the Solotvyno township in Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast).

Demographics

The city has 44,185 inhabitants. [ [http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=2140&judet_id=2376&localitate_id=2378 2002 census data] ]
*Romanians - 79.73%
*Hungarians - 15.80%
*Romas - 1.08%
*Ukrainians and Rusyns - 2.97%

According to the 1910 census, the city had 21,370 inhabitants; these consisted of 17,542 (82.1%) Hungarian speakers, 2,001 (9.4%) Romanian, 1,257 (5.9%) German, and 32 Ukrainian speakers.The number of Jews was 7981; they were included in the Hungarian and German language groups. There were5850 Greek Catholics and 4901 Roman Catholics. ["Atlas and Gazetteer of Historic Hungary 1914", [http://www.talmakiado.hu/ Talma Kiadó] ISBN 9638568348]

History

Inhabited since the Hallstatt period, the urban area was situated on an important route that followed the Tisza Valley. The first mention of a settlement dates back to the 11th century, and the city as such was first mentioned in 1326. In 1352, it was a free royal town and the capital of Máramaros "comitatus" of the Kingdom of Hungary.

From 1556, the settlement - like the Castle of Huszt - was a residence of Transylvanian Princes; from 1570 to 1733, the town and the county were part of the Principality of Transylvania. In 1733, King Charles III returned it and Máramaros County to his Hungarian domain.

Sighetu Marmaţiei was one of the Romanian, Rusyn, and Jewish cultural and political centers in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Jewish community was led by the Teitelbaum family — who also led the Satmar Hasidic community.

It became part of the Kingdom of Romania at the end of World War I ("see Greater Romania"), and was again under Hungarian administration during World War II as a result of the Second Vienna Award. The latter lasted until 1944 and in these years more than 20,000 Jews from Sighet would be sent to Auschwitz (including the Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel, born in Sighet) and other Nazi extermination camps. Nowadays there are only about 21 [ [Target= "reference 1"] ] Jews living in Sighetu Marmaţiei.

The Treaty of Paris at the end of World War II voided the Vienna Awards, and Sighetu Marmaţiei returned to Romania.

Sighet prison

In the 1950s and 1960s, after the establishment of the Romanian communist regime, the Securitate ran the Sighet prison as a place for political repression of public figures who had been declared "class enemies" — the most prominent of these was the former prime minister Iuliu Maniu (who died there in 1953). The former prison is now a museum, and a "Memorial for the Victims of Communism".

Natives

* David Weiss Halivni
* Simon Hollósy
* Moshe Teitelbaum
* Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (I)
* Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (II)
* Elie Wiesel
* Joseph Szigeti sometimes misspelled Sigheti

External links

* [http://www.sighet.net/foto/ Photos and Images of Sighetu Marmaţiei]
* [http://www.sighet.ro Sighetu Marmaţiei]
* [http://www.sighet-online.ro Sighetu Marmaţiei Online News]
* [http://www.memorialsighet.ro/en/default.asp The Sighet Memorial of the Victims of Communism]
* [http://karpaty.prygl.net/sighet.php Sighetu Marmaţiei]

References