Eastern European Time

Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in some European, North African, and Middle Eastern countries. Most of them also use Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) as a summer daylight saving time.

Usage

One country uses Eastern European Time all the year:

* Libya

The following countries, parts of countries, and territories use Eastern European Time during the winter only:

* Belarus, in years 1922-30 and since 1991
* Bulgaria, since 1894
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Estonia, in years 1921-40 and since 1989
* Finland, since 1921
* Greece, since 1916
* Israel, since 1948
* Jordan
* Latvia, in years 1926-40 and since 1989
* Lebanon
* Lithuania, in 1920 and since 1989 with break 1998-1999
* Moldova, in years 1924-40 and since 1991
* Palestinian territories
* Romania, since 1931
* Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast, in 1945 and now since 1991)
* Syria
* Turkey, since 1910 with break 1978-85
* Ukraine, in years 1924-30 and since 1990

Moscow used EET in years 1922-30 and 1991-92. In Poland this time was used in years 1918-22.

In time of World War II Germany implemented MET (CET) in east occupied territories.

Anomalies

Since political, in addition to purely geographical, criteria are used in the drawing of time zones, it follows that actual time zones do not precisely adhere to meridian lines. The EET (UTC+2) time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, would consist of exactly the area between meridians 22 30' E and 37 30' E. As a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a "physical" UTC+2 time, actually use another time zone; contrariwise, there are European areas that have gone for UTC+2, even though their "physical" time zone is different from that. Following is a list of such "incongruencies":

Areas that use Eastern European Time (UTC+2)

Areas west of 22 30' E ("physical" UTC+1) that use UTC+2

• The westernmost part of Greece, including the cities of Patras, Ioannina and the island of Corfu
• The very westernmost parts of the Bulgarian provinces of Vidin and Kyustendil
• The westernmost part of Romania, including most of the area of the counties of Caraş-Severin, Timiş (capital Timişoara), Arad, and Bihor, as well as the westernmost tips of the counties of Mehedinţi and Satu Mare
• The extreme westernmost tip of Ukraine, near the border with Hungary and Slovakia, at the Ukrainian Transcarpathian Oblast (Zakarpattia Oblast), essentially comprising the city of Uzhhorod and its environs
• The Russian exclave of Kaliningrad, excluding however its easternmost slice (the city of Nesterov is east of 22 30' E, but that of Krasnoznamensk is not)
• Western Lithuania, including the cities of Klaipėda, Tauragė, and Telšiai
• Western Latvia, including the cities of Liepāja and Ventspils
• The westernmost parts of the Estonian islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, including the capital of the Saare County, Kuressaare
• The southwestern coast of Finland, including the city of Turku; also the Åland islands (of Finnish jurisdiction) – the Åland islands are the westernmost locale applying EET in the whole of Europe

Areas east of 37 30' E ("physical" UTC+3) that use UTC+2

• Eastern Turkey, incl. "inter alia" the cities of Van (43 37' E), Diyarbakır, Trabzon (Trapezous), and Malatya; practically, it comprises all Turkish territory east of Gaziantep, though this is not geographical Europe. The easternmost city of Turkey is Şemdinli at 44' 34 E; that is very close to the 45th meridian, which precisely corresponds to UTC+3. There are two "tri-zone" points involving Turkey:
  • The Turkey - Iraq - Iran tripoint "in the summer only": Turkey follows UTC+2 with DST, Iraq follows UTC+2 with no DST, and Iran follows with no DST
  • The Turkey - Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan exclave) - Iran tripoint: Turkey follows UTC+2 with DST, Azerbaijan follows UTC+4 with DST, and Iran follows with no DST
  The Norway - Russia - Finland "tri-zone" point (see Central European Time) is the only one in Europe.

  The short (9 km) only Turkey - Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan exclave) border exhibits the same property as the Norway-Russia one, in that by travelling from west (Turkey) to east (Azerbaijan) one moves forward not one, but "two" time zones (UTC+2 to UTC+4)

The easternmost part of Ukraine, incl. the cities of Luhansk, Donetsk, and Mariupol. The town of Melovoje, Luhansk Oblast, on the Ukrainian-Russian border, is the easternmost city in geographical Europe that applies UTC+2 (if political Europe, which includes the Asian part of Turkey, is to be considered, then that title goes to Şemdinli; see above)

Areas geographically located within UTC+2 longitudes

Areas east of 22 30' E ("physical" UTC+2) that use UTC+1

• The easternmost part of the Republic of Macedonia, including the city of Strumica
• The absolutely easternmost part of Serbia, in the Pirot District, including the city of Pirot
• The extreme easternmost tips of Hungary and Slovakia, bordering to the north and south respectively the Ukrainian Transcarpathian Oblast (Zakarpattia Oblast), a bit to the east of the Vásárosnamény, Hungary - Uzhhorod, Ukraine (both at 22 18' E) line
• The easternmost part of Poland, including the cities of Lublin and Białystok
• The extreme northeast of Sweden, in the Norrbotten province, including the cities of Kalix and Haparanda
• The northeast of Norway, lying north of Finland, roughly coinciding with the county of Finnmark; for instance Vadsø, the capital of Finnmark, has a longitude of 23 49′ E. Actually, the easternmost town in Norway, Vardø, lies at 30 51′ E, which is so far east, so as to be east even of the central meridian of EET (UTC+2), i.e. east of Istanbul and Alexandria. The Norwegian-Russian border (incl. border passings such as Kirkenes) is the only place where CET (UTC+1) borders Moscow time (UTC+3), resulting in a "two (2)" hours time change for the passenger crossing that border. More so, there exists a "tri-zone" point (where UTC+1, UTC+2, and UTC+3 meet) at the Norway-Finland-Russia tripoint (look for the town of Nautsi in this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
  ] ). Actually, it is interesting to perform the following mental experiment when looking at this
  Jäniskoski-Niskakoski area); this belongs to Russian jurisdiction, hence the time there is UTC+3. Then, take a northeastern (NE) direction (that is an "eastwards" direction); you will soon be crossing into Finnish territory, thus moving to the UTC+2 time zone. Continuing in that direction, you will eventually reach the Finland-Norway border and enter Norway, thus passing into the UTC+1 time zone. So, moving in a (north-)"easterly" direction, you will actually be moving from UTC+3 to UTC+2 to UTC+1!

Areas west of 37 30' E ("physical" UTC+2) that use UTC+3

• Practically all European Russia west of Moscow; This includes the chunk of land from Murmansk all the way south to Belgorod, including the cities of St. Petersburg, Novgorod, and Pskov, to name only a few. (The westernmost point of contiguous Russia, near Lavry, Pskov Oblast, 27 19' E, is actually the westernmost point in Europe where UTC+3 is applied.) To the above should be added the city of Anapa, at the westernmost tip of the Krasnodar Krai near the entrance to the Sea of Azov, at 37 22' E

Major metropolitan areas

*Ankara, Turkey
*Antalya, Turkey
*Athens, Greece
*Beirut, Lebanon
*Braşov, Romania
*Bucharest, Romania
*Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*Chişinău, Moldova
*Damascus, Syria
*Helsinki, Finland
*Istanbul, Turkey
*İzmir, Turkey
*Jerusalem, Israel
*Kaliningrad, Russia
*Kiev, Ukraine
*Konya, Turkey
*Lviv, Ukraine
*Minsk, Belarus
*Nicosia, Cyprus
*Riga, Latvia
*Sofia, Bulgaria
*Tallinn, Estonia
*Tel Aviv, Israel
*Thessaloniki, Greece
*Timişoara, Romania
*Vilnius, Lithuania