Sighişoara

Infobox Settlement
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = ROU
timezone=EET
utc_offset=+2
timezone_DST=EEST
utc_offset_DST=+3
map_caption = Location of Sighişoara

|official_name=Sighişoara

---

image_shield=Coa Sighisoara RO.png

subdivision_type1=County
subdivision_name1=Mureş County
subdivision_type2=Status
subdivision_name2=Autolink|Municipality
settlement_type=Municipality|
leader_title=Mayor
leader_name=Ioan Dorin Dăneşan
|leader_party=Social Democratic Party
area_total_km2=
population_as_of=2002
population_total=32287|population_footnotes=
population_density_km2=|latd=46|latm=13|lats=1|latNS=N|longd=24|longm=47|longs=28|longEW=E|
website=http://www.sighisoara.org.ro/

Sighişoara (pronounced|sigiˈʃo̯ara; _de. Schäßburg; _hu. Segesvár; Latin: "Castrum Sex") is a city and municipality on the Târnava Mare River in Mureş County, Romania. Located in the historic region Transylvania, Sighişoara has a population of 32,287 (2002).

History

During the 12th century, German craftsmen and merchants known as the Transylvanian Saxons were invited to Transylvania by the King of Hungary to settle and defend the frontier of his realm. The chronicler Krauss lists a Saxon settlement in the actual Sighiṣoara by 1191. By 1280 it was known by the Latin name of "Castrum Sex", and by 1298 by the Saxon name of "Schespurch resp. Schaesbrich". By 1337 Sighişoara had become a royal center for the kings, who awarded the settlement urban status in 1367 as the "Civitas de Segusvar".

The city played an important strategic and commercial role at the edges of Central Europe for several centuries. Sighişoara became one of the most important cities of Transylvania, with artisans from throughout the Holy Roman Empire visiting the settlement. The German artisans and craftsmen dominated the urban economy, as well as building the fortifications protecting it. It is estimated that during the 16th and the 17th centuries Sighişoara had as many as 15 guilds and 20 handicraft branches. The Baroque sculptor Elias Nicolai lived in the city. The Wallachian prince Vlad Dracul, who lived in exile in the town, let minted coins in the city (otherwise coinage was the monopoly of the Hungarian kings in the Kingdom of Hungary) and issued the first document listing the city's Romanian name, "Sighişoara".

The city was the setting for George I Rákóczi's election as Prince of Transylvania and King of Hungary in 1631. Sighişoara suffered military occupation, fires, and plagues during the 17th and 18th centuries.

The nearby plain of Albeşti was the site of the Battle of Segesvár, where the revolutionary Hungarian army led by Józef Bem was defeated by the Russian army led by Luders on 31 July 1849. A monument was constructed in 1852 to the Russian general Skariatin, who died in the battle. The Hungarian poet Sándor Petőfi is generally believed to have been killed in the battle, and a monument was constructed in his honor at Albeşti in 1897. After World War I Sighişoara passed with Transylvania from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Romania.

Central Sighişoara has preserved in an exemplary way the features of a small medieval fortified city, it has been listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Each year, a Medieval Festival takes place in the old citadel in July.

Sighisoara is considered to be the most beautiful and well preserved inhabited citadel in Europe, with an authentic medieval architecture. In Eastern Europe, Sighisoara is one of the few, and in Romania the only fortified town which is till inhabited. The town is made up of two parts. The medieval stronghold was built on top of a hill and is known as the "Citadel" (Cetate).The lower town lies in the valley of Tarnava Mare river.

The houses inside Cetate/Sighisoara Citadel show the main features of a craftsmen's town. However, there are some houses which belonged to the former patriciate, like the Venetian House and the House with Antlers.

"The House with Antlers" has been brought into the possession of the Messerschmitt Foundation with the help of the Romanian Gouvernment and the town council of Sighişoara in April 2000, defrauding the legitimate heirs, the descendants Leicht-Bacon (with English roots), who are mentioned in the cadaster of Sighişoara as owners before the communist dispossession of 1950.

In 2001-2003 the illegal construction of a Dracula theme park in the 'Breite' nature preserve near Sighişoara was considered but ultimately rejected, due to strong opposition of local civil society and national and international media as well as politically influential persons, as the theme park would have detracted from the medieval style of the city and would have destroyed the nature preserve.

Demographics

Ethnic groups [ [http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=2568&judet_id=2798&localitate_id=2801 2002 data census] ] :
*Romanians (76.06%)
*Hungarians (18.36%)
*Roma (3.51%)
*Germans (1.92%)

Sights

Sighişoara is a popular tourist destination, due to its well-preserved walled old town. The landmark of the city is the Clock Tower, a 64m high tower built in 1556. It is today a museum of history.

Other interesting sights are:

* Sighişoara Citadel - a 12th Century Saxon edifice, is the historic center of the city. Still occupied, the citadel is listed as a World Heritage Site.
* Clock Tower - Built in 1360 and standing at 60 meters tall atop the citadel hill. Inside is a museum that finishes in a great view from the top.
* Weapon Museum - next to Vlad's birthplace. Very small, but it contains an interesting selection of medieval weapons (swords, arrows, etc.).
* Covered Staircase - a very old stone staircase with a wooden roof along the whole span. This leads up to the Church on the Hill and the cemetery.
* Church on the Hill - contains many frescoes and a crypt. Built on the location of the Roman fort. Close to the cemetery on the side of the hill, which contains many German tombstones.
* Bust of Vlad Tepes - Located around the corner from his birthplace, within sight of the Clock Tower.

Famous residents

*Johannes Kelpius, a German intellectual, musician, and mystic who founded a religious community when he immigrated to the American colony of Pennsylvania in the late seventeenth century
*Johann Michael Ackner, famous Saxon archaeologist
*Ralph Gunesch, German football player as of 2006
*Hermann Oberth, one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics
*Friedrich Grünanger, architect
*Radu Voina, handball player, national team manager
*Adrian Ivanitchi, folk guitarist
*Vlad III the Impaler (now southern Romania)

Twin Towns

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Notes

Gallery

External links

*360° panoramic images taken during the 15th Medieval Festival of Sighişoara - [http://www.csvd.ro/panoblog/360-romania/sighisoara/the-15th-medieval-festival-of-sighisoara-part-1/ Part 1] and [http://www.csvd.ro/panoblog/360-romania/sighisoara/the-15th-medieval-festival-of-sighisoara-part-2/ Part 2]
* [http://www.sighisoara.org.ro/ Town hall of Sighişoara City] ro icon
* [http://www.sighisoara.com/ Municipal website] ro icon
* [http://www.sighisoaraonline.com/ Sighişoara online] ro icon
* [http://www.blues-festival.ro/ Sighişoara Blues Festival] ro icon
* [http://www.sighisoara-tourism.com/ Sighişoara tourism information] ro icon
* [http://www.fronius-residence.ro/en/fronius_residence.html/ Sighişoara Fronius House] en icon
* [http://www.proetnica.ro/ ProEtnica - Days of the Ethnic Communities in Romania]
* [http://www.sighisoara-medievala.ro/ Festivalul Sighişoara Medievală] ro icon
* [http://www.siebenbuerger.de/ortschaften/schaessburg/ Schäßburg] de icon
* [http://www.bergschule-schaessburg.de/ Bergschule Schäßburg] de icon