Legal drinking age

Laws about the legal drinking age cover a wide range of issues and behaviours, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different to the age when it can be purchased. These laws vary among different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in a public places, with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated. Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks.^[1]

The United Kingdom is the only country that has a minimum legal age for drinking alcohol in a home.^[1] Some Islamic nations prohibit Muslims, or both Muslims and non-Muslims, from drinking alcohol at any age. In some countries, it is not illegal for minors to drink alcohol but the alcohol can be seized without compensation. In some cases, it is illegal to sell or give alcohol to minors. The following list indicates the age of the person to whom it is legal to consume and purchase alcohol.

Africa

Country/region	De jure		Notes
	Drinking age[clarification needed]	Purchase age
Algeria	18[2]
Angola	None
Botswana	18[2]
Burundi	18[2]		No limit if accompanied by parents.
Cameroon	18[2]	21[2]	18 on the premises, 21 off the premises
Cape Verde	18[2]
Central African Republic	18[2]
Comoros	None[2]
Egypt	18 (beer), 21 (wine/spirits)[2][3]
Equatorial Guinea	None[2]
Eritrea	18[2]
Ethiopia	18[2]
Gabon	18[2]		Illegal for Muslims
Gambia	18[2]		Illegal for Muslims
Ghana	18[4]
Guinea-Bissau	None[2]
Kenya	18[2]
Lesotho	18[2]
Libya	Illegal[2]
Malawi	18[4]
Mauritius	18[2]
Morocco	None[5]	16[5]
Mozambique	18[2]
Namibia	18[2]
Niger	18[2]
Nigeria	18[2]
Republic of the Congo	18[2]
Rwanda	18[2]
Seychelles	18[2]
South Africa	18[2]
Swaziland	None[2]	18[2]
Sudan	16[2]		Illegal for Muslims
Togo	None[2]
Uganda	18[2]
Tunisia	18[2]
Zambia	18[2]
Zimbabwe	18[2]

Americas

Country / region	De jure		Notes
	Drinking age[clarification needed]	Purchase age
Argentina	18[2][6]
Bahamas	18[2]
Belize	18[2]
Bermuda	18[2]
Bolivia	18[2]
Brazil	18[2]
Canada	18[7]		Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, but underage drinking by 16-17 year olds under parental supervision is permitted in Manitoba [8] and under parental supervision in a residence or a temporary residence in Alberta[9]
	19[7]		In Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, the legal drinking age is 19. Underage drinking under parental supervision is permitted, with some restrictions, on one's own property in the provinces of New Brunswick[10] and Ontario[11] and at home in the provinces of Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan.[1] In British Columbia, only children of the supervising parents, not any other minors such as guests, are allowed underage drinking. Consumption of alcohol in another person's home is subject to other laws.[12]
Chile	18[2]		The minimum age is 18 for buying and consuming alcohol. Selling alcohol to a minor may attract a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Cédula de Identidad (Chilean ID card) issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.
Colombia	18[2]
Costa Rica	18[2]
Cuba	None[2]	18[2]
Dominican Republic	18[2]
Ecuador	18[2]
El Salvador	18[2]
Guatemala	18[2]
Guyana	18[2]
Haiti	16[2]
Honduras	18[13]
Jamaica	None[2]	16[2]
Mexico	18[2]
Nicaragua	19[2]
Panama	18[2]
Paraguay	20[2]
Peru	18[2]
Puerto Rico	18[14]
Trinidad and Tobago	18[2]
United States (50 states and integral territories)	21[2]		The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for minors (those under the age of 21).[15] By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by those 18 to 20 years of age, but a circuit court judge said otherwise.[16] Some U.S. States have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by minors (persons under 21) a gross misdemeanor with a potential of $5,000 and a year in jail (or more) [17] See also: Minor in Possession
United States Virgin Islands	18[18]
Uruguay	None[2]	18[2]	Alcohol sales are forbidden after 00.00 a.m. ID can be required.[citation needed]
Venezuela	18[2]

Asia

Country / region	De jure		Notes
	Drinking age[clarification needed]	Purchase age
Afghanistan	Illegal[19]
Armenia	None[citation needed]
Azerbaijan	18[2]
Brunei	Illegal[2]		Although it is illegal to purchase alcohol, it is legal for foreigners aged 17 and above to bring limited amounts of alcohol into the country every 48 hours, provided it is consumed in their home.[2]
Bangladesh	Illegal[20]
Cambodia	None[21]
People's Republic of China	18[2]	18[2]	Introduced in January 2006.[22]
Georgia	16[2]
Hong Kong	18[2]
India	18–25 (varies between states).[2]		Main article: Alcohol laws of India Consumption of alcohol is prohibited in the states of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Gujarat.[23]
Indonesia	21[2]
Iran	Illegal[citation needed]		Iran has a ban on all alcohol, but religious minorities may purchase small amounts from shops owned by the same religious minority.[24]
Iraq	18[2]		Forbidden to Muslims
Israel	None[2]	18[2]	It is illegal to sell alcohol in Israel between 11:00 p.m and 6:00 a.m, outside of pubs and restaurants. It is also illegal to drink outdoors after 9:00 p.m.
Jordan	18[25]
Japan	20[2]
Kazakhstan	21[26]
Kuwait	Illegal[27]
Kyrgyzstan	18[2]
Lebanon	18[2]
Macau	None[2]	None[2][28]
Malaysia	None[2]	18[2]	In areas with more than 50% of Muslim population, sale of alcohol is restricted to selected places. It is illegal to sell alcohol to Muslims and to persons under 18, but there are no restrictions on drinking age.
Maldives	18[2]		Sale of alcohol is limited to tourist resorts. It is illegal to sell alcohol to Muslims.
Mongolia	18[29]
Nepal	18[citation needed]	None
North Korea	18[citation needed]		Alcoholic beverages are served on Saturdays.[citation needed]
Oman	21
Pakistan	21[2]		Illegal for Muslims[2]
Philippines	18[30]
Saudi Arabia	Illegal[citation needed]		Forbidden by Sharia. Offenders are typically punished with lashes.[citation needed]
Singapore	18[2]
South Korea	19[2]		If a person is 20 years old according to Korean age reckoning, that person may drink alcohol.[citation needed]
Sri Lanka	21[2]
Syria	18
Republic of China (Taiwan)	18[2][31]		It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.[32] Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking,[33] or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.[34] One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 6.[35] A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 new Taiwan dollars.[36]
Tajikistan	21[citation needed]		Off-limits to the Muslim majority
Thailand	18[2]		clubbing age is 20[citation needed]
Turkmenistan	18[2]
United Arab Emirates	21[citation needed]		Expatriate, non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages; it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.[37]
Vietnam	None[citation needed]
Yemen	Illegal[citation needed]

Europe

Country / region	De jure		Notes
	Drinking age[clarification needed]	Purchase age
Albania	None[2]
Austria	16, 18 for distilled beverages in some areas.[2]		Upper Austria, Salzburg and Tirol prohibit the consumption of distilled beverages below the age of 18, while Carinthia and Styria prohibit drinks containing more than 12% or 14% of alcohol respectively in this age bracket. Carinthia additionally requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%, while Upper Austria prohibits "excessive consumption", and Salzburg prohibits consumption that would result in a state of intoxication. Prohibitions in Vienna, Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vorarlberg apply only to alcohol consumption in public. Vienna additionally prohibits the consumption of alcohol in schools under the age of 18.[38]
Belarus	18[2]
Belgium	16 for beer and wine, 18 for spirits[2]		In Belgium, it has since 10 January 2010 been illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" strong drink (over 22%) to those under the age of 18, and any alcoholic drink to those under 16.[39] Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	16[citation needed]	18[citation needed]
Bulgaria	18[2]		Bulgaria's Health Act prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages to persons under 18 years of age, but not their consumption.[40]
Croatia	18[2]
Cyprus	17[2]
Czech Republic	18[2]
Denmark	18[2]	16[2]	To buy alcohol (above 1.2% and bellow 16,5% ABV) in stores, one must be 16, but to be served alcohol at bars, restaurants and discos the minimum is 18. For alcohol above 16,5% you must be 18.[41][42] There is no drinking age, only a purchase age, and an adult may buy alcohol for a minor. By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation.[43] If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification.[44] This card is rarely used though since a passport or moped-licence can sometimes be used.[45]
Estonia	18		Drinking in public is prohibited for everyone. Stores may sell alcohol only between 10 a.m. and 10 p.m.[citation needed]
Finland	18 for possession and purchase of ≤ 22% ABV 20 for possession and purchase of ≥ 22% ABV 18 for all in bars and restaurants [2]		Age limits apply to purchase and possession. Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy alcoholic beverages. Adults are responsible for alcohol use by minors in private.[46] Stores may sell alcohol only between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m.
France	18[2]		Buying alcohol is illegal below the age of 18[47] Selling alcohol to a minor can be fined 7500 euros.[48] The law has been changed recently.[49] Drinking alcohol is not forbidden to minors in private, but supplying them with alcohol that results in intoxication is forbidden.[50]
Germany	16 for beer and wine; 18 for spirits[2]		Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is allowed, but it is illegal to sell minors alcohol or to let them drink in public below the respective drinking age. Fermented alcoholic beverages may be consumed by minors in public when in presence of a legal guardian; drinking in private is not restricted. The restrictions on distilled beverages apply also to mixed drinks containing them.[51]
Gibraltar	18[52]	18[52]
Greece	18[2]	none[2]
Hungary	18[2]
Iceland	20[2][53]		Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence but supplying said with alcohol is. However, law allows alcohol possessed by a minor to be confiscated.
Ireland	18[2]		It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol, to attempt to buy it for minors, or for minors to consume alcohol in a public space in Ireland. Those under 18 may consume alcohol in a private residence when permission is given from a parent or guardian. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians. One cannot purchase alcohol in a shop/off licence after 10 pm. Or Before 1pm on Sunday. [54]
Italy	16[2]		South Tyrol prohibits both serving and purchase for people under the age of 18 and to everybody in a state of inebriation.[55]
Latvia	18[2]
Liechtenstein	16 for wine, beer and cider 18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages. e.g. alcopops		Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.[56]
Lithuania	18[2]
Luxembourg	16 [57]
Macedonia	None[citation needed]
Malta	17		Must provide identification upon request.
Moldova	18
Montenegro	None	18[citation needed]
Netherlands	16 (under 15% ABV); 18 (15% ABV and over)[2]		If the person is under the age of 20, an identity card has to be shown before buying. Drinking in public is banned by local ordinance in most municipalities. Selling alcohol to underage customers carries a fine of €900–€3,600.[citation needed]
Norway	18; 20 (≥22% ABV)[2][58]		Selling alcohol to minors or buying alcohol on behalf of minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them. Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas. [59]
Poland	None	18[60]	§15.1 Clearly states that buyers must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. However, drinking alcohol under 18 is allowed.
Portugal	16
Romania	None[61]	18 [62]	According to law 61/1991 updated in 2008, paragraphs 21-25, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to minors. The law also imposes restrictions on serving or selling alcohol in some public locations (parks, hospitals, schools, stadiums, airports, public transport etc.) or during certain events (strikes, public meetings, sport events etc.)
Russia	18[63]		There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal as well as additional regional laws.
Serbia	18[citation needed]		Sale of alcoholic beverages to minors is prohibited.
Slovakia	18[citation needed]
Slovenia	18[2]		There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors. Also, it is illegal to sell alcohol in stores from 9 p.m. to 7 a.m. and before 10 a.m. in bars and restaurants. The law also prohibits serving alcohol to obviously intoxicated customers as well as less than 1 h before and during sport events.[citation needed]
Spain	18[2]		16 in Asturias.[2] It is illegal to sell alcohol to people under 18, the fine being between €30,000 and €600,000.[64] Stores are not allowed to sell alcohol between 10 p.m. and 9 a.m after a recent law was passed.[65]
Sweden	None (less than 2.25% ABV) 18 (bars and restaurants) 18 (2.25%–3.5% ABV in normal shops), 20 (Systembolaget shops[66] stores),		See also alcohol in Sweden. Many clubs choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is legal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under that age,[67] and the police can seize alcohol from them. The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.
Switzerland	16/18 for beer, wine and cider; 18 for spirits[2]		Age for non-spirits varies by canton
Turkey	18[2]		The government has been steadily restricting alcohol in Turkey, with proposals to create alcohol-free zones,[68] bars on alcohol sold in new packaging,[69] bans on sports advertising, restricting sales, and making it harder to have alcohol at public events.[70] Only those over 24 may participate in events which distribute alcohol.[71]
Ukraine	18[2]
United Kingdom	18[2]		Children under 5 must not be given alcohol unless under medical supervision or in an emergency (Children and Young Persons Act 1933, Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937).[72][73] Between the ages of 5 and 18, it is legally permissible for children to drink alcohol at home or at a friend's house with the permission of a parent or legal guardian.[74] The minimum age for the purchase of alcohol is 18. People aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal.[1] In England and Wales, it must be an adult who orders,[75] however an adult doesn't have to be present to order alcohol with a meal in Scotland. The legal age for the purchase of alcohol from an off-licence (store/supermarket) is 18. (The legal age to buy liqueur chocolates is 16, but this is rarely enforced.) Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 scheme, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 without ID. Supermarkets or off-licence chains which are found to have violated the law and have repeatedly sold alcohol to underage persons are then required to adopt the Challenge 25 scheme. Failing to adhere to this will result in revocation of the licence to sell alcohol. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is illegal in all of the United Kingdom. This means acting as the young person's agent.[76][77]

Oceania

Country / region	De jure		Notes
	Drinking age[clarification needed]	Purchase age
American Samoa	21[citation needed]
Australia	18[2][78]		Main article: alcohol laws of Australia Minors may consume alcohol in a private residence with parental supervision.[79] However, in Western Australia it is illegal for minors to consume alcohol anywhere.
Fiji	18[80]	21[80]	The drinking age was 21 from 2006-2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.[80]
Guam	21		Raised to 21 on July 8, 2010.[81]
Micronesia, Federated States of	21[2]
New Zealand	18[2]		Persons under 18 may not drink outside private residences or private functions unless accompanied by their parent or legal guardian. Alcohol may only be supplied to minors by their parent or legal guardian, although adult hosts of private functions may supply alcohol as long as no money exchanges hands. A bill is currently in Parliament proposing to raise the age for off-licence purchases to 20.[82]
Northern Mariana Islands	21[citation needed]
Palau	21[2]
Papua New Guinea	18[2]
Samoa	18[2]
Solomon Islands	21[2]	None[2]
Tonga	18[2]	None[2]
Tokelau	16[citation needed]
Vanuatu	18[2]

See also

• Amethyst Initiative
• Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
• National Minimum Drinking Age Act
• National Youth Rights Association
• Shoulder tap
• The Century Council
• Choose Responsibility
• Mature minor doctrine

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Drinking Age Limits - International Center for Alcohol Policies
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec} "Minimum Age Limits Worldwide". International Center for Alcohol Policies. January 2010. http://www.icap.org/Table/MinimumAgeLimitsWorldwide. Retrieved 15 August 2011. 
3. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Egypt
4. ^ ^{a b} "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy - Country Profiles". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/alcoholpolicycountryprofiles/en/index.html. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Minimum Legal Ages for Alcohol Purchase or Consumption Around the World". World Health Organization. http://www.geocities.jp/m_kato_clinic/mini-age-alcohol-eng-1.html. 
6. ^ "Ley Nacional De Lucha Contra El Alcoholismo". 31 March 1997. http://infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/40000-44999/42480/norma.htm. Retrieved 15 August 2011. 
7. ^ ^{a b} "Drinking Age in Canada". YourLaws.ca. January 2010. http://www.cbc.ca/thisisthat/blog/2011/05/24/quebec-lowers-drinking-age/. Retrieved 4 July 2011. 
8. ^ Manitoba Drinking Laws
9. ^ Alberta Gaming and Liquor Act
10. ^ Liquor Control Act (L-10), Section 137
11. ^ Ontario Liquor Law Section 30.13
12. ^ British Columbia Drinking Laws
13. ^ http://www.grsproadsafety.org/themes/default/pdfs/Drinking%20Age%20Limits.pdf.
14. ^ http://www.experience-puertorico.com/pr.html?secc=before
15. ^ Exceptions to Minimum Age of 21 for Possession of Alcohol as of January 1, 2009, Alcohol Policy Information System
16. ^ Judge: State law barring underage drinking is unconstitutional
17. ^ Washington State Legislature. "RCW 66.44.270; Furnishing liquor to minors". State of Wshington. http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=66.44.270. Retrieved 13-NOVEMBER-2011. 
18. ^ http://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/faq/#drinking
19. ^ Institute for War and Peace Reporting (2009-06-17). "Drinkers Dismissive of Latest Alcohol Ban". ARR No. 322. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c225e,458663c02,4a3b58f0c,0.html. Retrieved 2010-02-28. 
20. ^ "Bangladesh". Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004. World Health Organization. 2004. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/en/bangladesh.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
21. ^ "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Cambodia" (PDF). http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_cambodia.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
22. ^ China bans under-age drinking, China Daily, 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
23. ^ "Alcohol Prohibition and Addictive Consumption in India" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-09-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20070917040706/http://www.eudnet.net/workshops/workshop10-2002/rahman.pdf. Retrieved 2008-03-11. 
24. ^ http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_iran.pdf
25. ^ "Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Jordan" (PDF). http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/policy_jordan.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
26. ^ "Kazakhstan to ban public smoking & raise drinking age, KazakhstanLive" (PDF). http://www.kazakhstanlive.com/2.aspx?ProdID=4fb90c02-11c1-4d15-b3b0-6e28cc3a1a3d&CatID=9f9f8034-6dd6-4f7e-adcf-0f6a7c0406d9&sr=100&page=2. Retrieved 2011-01-30. 
27. ^ Who Are The Abstainers?. International Center for Alcohol Policies. June 2000. http://www.icap.org/portals/0/download/all_pdfs/ICAP_Reports_English/report8.pdf. 
28. ^ "Food and Drink". Worldtravelguide.net. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/153/entertainment/Far-East-Asia/Macau.html. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
29. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Mongolia
30. ^ Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Philippines
31. ^ Article 2 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law (zh:兒童及少年福利法) of the Republic of China, effective since 2003-05-28 in Taiwan Area, defines children and youth as people under the age of 18.
32. ^ Clause 1 of Section 1 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law (zh:兒童及少年福利法) of the Republic of China, effective since 2003-05-28 in Taiwan Area
33. ^ Section 2 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
34. ^ Section 1 of Article 55 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
35. ^ Section 3 of Article 26 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
36. ^ Section 2 of Article 55 of the Children and Youth Welfare Law of the Republic of China
37. ^ "International Drinking Guidelines". International Center for Alcohol Policies. http://www.icap.org/PolicyIssues/DrinkingGuidelines/GuidelinesTable/tabid/204/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
38. ^ information based on the respective state Youth Protection Laws, available at [1], as of December 11, 2007
39. ^ http://www.vad.be/alcohol-en-andere-drugs/wetgeving/alcohol.aspx
40. ^ Bulgaria's Health Act (Закон за здравето)
41. ^ http://politiken.dk/tjek/sundhedogmotion/ECE1217122/butikker-har-styr-paa-nye-alkohol-regler/
42. ^ "Current law regarding alcohol in Denmark". Ministry of Health. https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=121328. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
43. ^ "Alcohol culture in Denmark". Alcoholcultureindenmark.webbyen.dk. http://alcoholcultureindenmark.webbyen.dk/. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
44. ^ "Lov om forbud mod salg af tobak og alkohol til personer under 16 år" (in dk). https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=9878. 
45. ^ Få unge har købt legitimationskort, Danmarks Radio, 01. July 2006
46. ^ Alcoholic beverages act http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1994/19941143?search[type]=pika&search[pika]=alkoholi
47. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3342-1
48. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3353-3
49. ^ Law passed on 23 July 2009.
50. ^ French Public Health Code, Art L3353-4.
51. ^ German law for the protection of minors
52. ^ ^{a b} Children and Young Persons (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Gaming) Act 2006 (Gibraltar Laws).
53. ^ Practical Information School for Renewable Energy Science, Iceland
54. ^ http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_offences/alcohol_and_the_law.html
55. ^ "Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano-South Tyrol - Press release of the Department for Health (in Italian)". Provinz.bz.it. http://www.provinz.bz.it/sozialwesen/news/news_i.asp?art=194930&HLM=1. Retrieved 2009-06-20. ^{[dead link]}
56. ^ "Jugendgesetz vom 19. Dezember 1979". Gesetze.li. http://www.gesetze.li/get_pdf.jsp?PDF=.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
57. ^ http://www.sante.public.lu/fr/catalogue-publications/rester-bonne-sante/alcool-dependances/index.html
58. ^ "Proposition to Odelstinget rejecting the idea of holding minors criminally responsible for the purchase or consumption of alcohol". Regjeringen.no. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/aid/dok/regpubl/otprp/19961997/Otprp-nr-7-1996-97-/16/3.html?id=299088. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
59. ^ "Police: It's okay to drink in public parks". Aftenposten. 2009-07-2. http://oslopuls.aftenposten.no/restaurant_uteliv/article233583.ece. Retrieved 2011-08-2. 
60. ^ "USTAWA z dnia 26 października 1982 r. o wychowaniu w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałaniu alkoholizmowi. (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. 2002 r. Nr 147 poz. 1231)". http://static1.money.pl/d/akty_prawne/pdf/DU/2002/147/DU20021471231.pdf. 
61. ^ "Romanian Legislation, DECRETUL Nr. 76 din 1975". http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=1343. 
62. ^ "Legea nr. 61/1991 (Actualizata 2008), pentru sanctionarea faptelor de incalcare a unor norme de convietuire sociala, a ordinii si linistii publice". June 2011. http://www.euroavocatura.ro/legislatie/225/Legea_nr__61_1991__Actualizata_2008_,_pentru_sanctionarea_faptelor_de_incalcare_a_unor_norme_de_convietuire_sociala,_a_ordinii_si_linistii_publice. 
63. ^ "Федеральный закон о государственном регулировании производства и оборота этилового спирта, алкогольной и спиртосодержащей продукции" (in Russian). http://alko-law.ru/federalnyj_zakon_o_gosudarstvennom_regulirovanii_proizvodstva_i_oborota_etilovogo_spirta_alkogolnoj_i_spirtosoderzhawej_produkci/glava_2/statya_16/. 
64. ^ Spain - Fines for selling alcohol to minors
65. ^ Alcohol rules in Spain 2010
66. ^ "Systembolaget - Rules on selling". Systembolaget.se. http://www.systembolaget.se/Applikationer/Knappar/InEnglish/Rules+on+selling.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
67. ^ Alkohollag (1994:1738) 3 kap 9 §
68. ^ Davies, Elizabeth (2005-12-15). "Secular Turkey is angered by spectre of alcohol-free zones". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/secular-turkey-is-angered-by-spectre-of-alcoholfree-zones-519545.html. 
69. ^ Tait, Robert (2008-05-16). "New alcohol law prompts fears for Turkish bar trade". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/16/turkey.islam. 
70. ^ "Turkey alcohol curbs raise secular fears". BBC News. 2011-01-12. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12174905. 
71. ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-27/erdogan-defends-revised-alcohol-curbs-in-turkey-hurriyet-says.html
72. ^ "Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (c.12) - Statute Law Database". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=children+young+persons&Year=1933&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1109288&ActiveTextDocId=1109297&filesize=1694. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
73. ^ "Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937 (c.37), section 16 - Statute Law Database". Statutelaw.gov.uk. http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&Year=1937&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1111220&ActiveTextDocId=1111230&filesize=1737. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
74. ^ "Alcohol, young people and the law: Directgov - Parents". Direct.gov.uk. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/parents/yourchildshealthandsafety/worriedabout/dg_10026211. Retrieved 2011-1-21. 
75. ^ Consumption of alcohol by children, Section 150, Licensing Act 2003
76. ^ publisher= Department of Culture Media and Sport Chapter12 Sale and Supply of Alcohol to Children
77. ^ "Alcohol: under aged drinking - law". InfoScotland.com. http://www.infoscotland.com/alcohol/displaypage.jsp;jsessionid=B0A9FD30EB7E73F6C35147B443BBEE80?p_applic=CCC&pContentID=70&p_service=Content.show&. 
78. ^ Health Victoria (2010, Oct 26), Alcohol and young people. Retrieved 13 Dec 2010 from [2]
79. ^ Department of Health Victoria (23/03/2011), Alcohol and Under 18s. Retrieved 03/06/2011 from [3]
80. ^ ^{a b c} "State lowers legal drink age - Fiji Times Online". Fijitimes.com. 2009-05-20. http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=121699. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
81. ^ http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6354:drinking-age-on-guam-is-now-21&catid=45:guam-news&Itemid=156 The Drinking Age On Guam Is Now 21, Pacific News Center, July 8, 2010.
82. ^ "Youth drinkers targeted in alcohol law changes". 3news.co.nz. 2010-08-23. http://www.3news.co.nz/Young-drinkers-targeted-in-alcohol-law-changes/tabid/419/articleID/172165/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 

External links

• ARA, Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use
• International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) — List of Tables