Haryana (Hindi: हरियाणा /ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː/ (help·info)) is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India.^[1]^[2]^[3] The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230).^[4] It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.

Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.

Haryana is one of the wealthiest states of India and has the third highest per capita income in the country at Rs. 67,891,^[5] including the largest number of rural crorepatis in India.^[6] Haryana is also one of the most economically developed regions in South Asia and its agricultural and manufacturing industry has experienced sustained growth since 1970s.^[7] Haryana is India's largest manufacturer of passenger cars, two-wheelers, and tractors.^[8] Since 2000, the state has emerged as the largest recipient of investment per capita in India.^[9] The city of Gurgaon has rapidly emerged as a major hub for the information technology and automobile industries. Gurgaon is home to Maruti Udyog Limited, India's largest automobile manufacturer, and Hero MotoCorp Limited, the world's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers. Yamunanagar, Panipat, Panchkula and Faridabad are also industrial hubs, with the Panipat Refinery being the second largest refinery in South Asia. There are also long established steel, plywood, paper and textile industries in the state.

History

Ancient period

Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra

Main articles: Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Civilization

Haryana was the outermost location of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization with centers such as Banawali and Rakhigarhi. The most extensive center, Rakhigarhi, is now a village in Hisar District. The site is dated to be over 5,000 years old. Evidence of paved roads, drainage system, large rainwater collection, storage system, terracotta brick, statue production, and skilled metal working (in both bronze and precious metals) has been uncovered.

Also the Vedic Civilization flourished on the banks of the now lost Sarasvati River. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic Battle of Kurukshetra described in the Mahabharata (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna) and the three battles of Panipat.

Etymology

The name "Haryana" could mean "the Abode of God", derived from the Sanskrit words Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home).^[10]

Scholars like Muni Lal, Murli Chand Sharma, HA Phadke and Sukhdev Singh Chib believe that the name Haryana comes from the words Hari (Sanskrit Harit, "green") and Aranya (forest).^[11]

The Yashastilaka-Champu of Somadeva mentions "Harivansha" as the ruling family of this region.^[12] JN Singh Yadav, Pran Nath Chopra and some anthropologists believe that the name Haryana may have derived from Abhiras, its ancient inhabitants (Abhirayana -> Ahirayana -> Hirayana -> Haryana).^[12]^[11]^[13]

Medieval period

British period

During the Indian rebellion of 1857, several leaders from this region, including Rao Tula Ram, participated actively. People of Haryana took an active part in the Indian Independence movement.King Rao Tula Ram was one of the important leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Many battles were fought by the rulers of the states and by the farmers also, sometimes defeating the British army. Some most important fights were at Sonipat, Bhiwani, Rohtak. Later, leaders like Sir Chhotu Ram played an important role in the politics of the Punjab province.

Formation of Haryana

Haryana state was formed on 1 November 1966, on the recommendation of the Sardar Hukam Singh Parliamentary Committee. The formation of this committee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September 1965. On 23 April 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included. The commission recommended that Tehsil Kharar (including Chandigarh) should be a part of Haryana.^[14] Pt.Bhagwat Dayal Sharma, MLA from Yamunanagar became first Chief Minister of Haryana.

The city of Chandigarh, and a Punjabi-speaking area of Rupnagar district were made a Union Territory serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. According to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord, Chandigarh was to be transferred to the state of Punjab in 1986, but the transfer was delayed and it has not been executed so far due to various reasons.

Geography

Yamuna River near the Haryana Border

Vultures in Haryana's green farms

Blackbuck male and female

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is located between 27°37' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 to 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. An area of 1,553 km² is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features.

The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state
The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest
The Aravalli Range in the south

Rivers of Haryana

The river Yamuna flows along its eastern boundary. The ancient Sarasvati River is said to have flowed from Yamunanagar, but it has now disappeared.

The river Ghaggar is Haryana's main seasonal river. The Ghaggar rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Sutlej and enters Haryana near Pinjore, Panchkula district. Passing through Ambala and Hissar, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 290 miles before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.

The Markanda river's ancient name was Aruna. A seasonal stream like the Ghaggar, it originates from the lower Sivalik Hills and enters Haryana near Ambala. During monsoons, this stream swells into a raging torrent notorious for its devastating power. The surplus water is carried on to the Sanisa lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasvati.

An important tributary is the Tangri. The Sahibi originates in the Mewat hills near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in Rajasthan. Gathering volume from about a hundred tributaries, it reaches voluminous proportions, forming a broad stream around Alwar and Patan. On reaching Rohtak it branches off into two smaller streams, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi and flowing into the Yamuna. There are three other rivulets in and around the Mewat hills – Indori, Dohan and Kasavati and they all flow northwards from the south.^[15]

Climate

The climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. It is very hot in summer (up to a high of 50 deg Celsius) and cold in winters (down to a low of 1 deg Celsius). The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and January. Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season (July–September) and sometimes causes local flooding.^[15]

Flora and fauna

Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 300 species of birds are found here.

Demographics

Religion in Haryana
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			89.7%
Sikhism			6.2%
Islam			4%
Others			0.10%
Distribution of religions

The population of Haryana, according to the 2011 census, is 25,353,081. The population density is 573.4 people/km². Haryana, along with neighboring Punjab, has a skewed sex ratio at 861, with many more men than women. Selective abortion of female fetuses has a very high provenance, reflecting a widespread preference for the male child.

Hindus are majority in Haryana and are about 90% of the population, Sikhs 6.2%, Muslims 4.05% (mainly Meos) and Christians 0.10%.^[16] Hindus make up about 18,655,925 of the population, Sikhs 1,170,662, Muslims 1,222,196, Jains 57,167, Christians 27,185, and Buddhists 7,140.^[17] Muslims are mainly in the Mewat district and Yamunanagar district, while Sikhs are mostly in the districts adjoining Punjab, Hisar, Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Ambala, and Panchkula. Agriculture and related industries have been the backbone of the local economy. These days the state is seeing a massive influx of immigrants from across the nation, primarily from Bihar, Bengal, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Nepal.

Government and politics

Like in all other states of India, Haryana is governed through a governor, a largely ceremonial position who is appointed by the President of India. The Chief Minister is the head of the Haryana state government and is vested with most of the executive and legislative powers. Haryana’s legislature is unicameral; its one house, the Haryana Legislative Assembly, consists of 90 members. Haryana has five seats in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's national parliament, and ten in the Lok Sabha, the lower house. The largest political parties in Haryana are the Indian National Lok Dal, Haryana Janhit Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party, Bahujan Samaj Party^[18] and Indian National Congress. The present political scenario of the state is clear and it has a stable government under Bhupinder Singh Hooda who is presently the Chief Minister of the state. During his presidency American president Jimmy Carter visited Carterpuri village in Gurgaon.^[19]

Culture

Swami Ramdev Yoga Guru born in Mahendragarh, Haryana

Haryana has a rich cultural heritage that goes way back to the Vedic times. The state is rich in folklore with the oldest extant romance being that of Sorath and Dhaj, Ror Kumar.^[20] The people of Haryana have their own traditions. The age old customs of meditation, Yoga and chanting of Vedic Mantras, are still observed by the masses. Famous yoga guru Swami Ramdev is from Mahendragarh in Haryana.^[21] Seasonal and religious festivals glorify the culture of this region. Dance is said to be the mother of all arts. Music and poetry exist in tune, painting and architecture in space. Dance is not just a form of recreation but something needed to release physical and emotional energy. Haryana has a variety of folk dances, which like other creative art, help in sublimating the performer's worries and cares.

The people of Haryana have preserved their old religious and social traditions. They celebrate festivals with great enthusiasm and traditional fervor. Their culture and popular art are Saangs, dramas, ballads and songs in which they take great delight. Regarding eating habits, there is an idiom that says, Hara-Bhara Haryana, Jahan Doodh-Dahi ka Khana (meaning a lush-green state where milk and curd are the food).

Languages

Music

Economy

Main article: Economy of Haryana

The headquarters of DLF Limited, India's largest real estate company, in Gurgaon, Haryana.

The main manufacturing plant of Maruti Suzuki, India's largest automobile company, in Gurgaon, Haryana.

The economy of Haryana relies on manufacturing, business process outsourcing, agriculture and retail.

Manufacturing

Yamunanagar district is the largest industrial town wholly within in Haryana. It has Asia's largest paper mill BILT^{[citation needed]} and Asia's largest Sugar Mill^{[citation needed]}. Yamunanagar has Asia's largest timber industry^{[citation needed]}, an HPGCL thermal power plant, a hydro power plant and India's largest Railway workshop^{[citation needed]}. It is also famous for its old steel and brass industry^{[citation needed]}.

Faridabad is another big industrial part of Haryana.^[25] It is home to hundreds of large scale companies like Orient Paper & Industries^{[citation needed]}, JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri Machinery Group (Escorts Limited), India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Whirlpool, ABB Group, Goodyear Tyres and Knorr Bremse India Pvt. Ltd. There are thousands of medium and small scale units as well, like Amrit Enterprises, McAma Industries^{[citation needed]}.

Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest centre for cheap blankets and carpets in India^{[citation needed]} and has a handloom weaving industry. The pickle "Pachranga International" is also well known. Panipat also has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil Corporation, and a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant, Hissar is another big city where Jindal company has established. Jindal Steel now increasing their business and open new factory in other state also.

Ambala is the largest manufacturer of Scientific Apparatuses.It is named as Science City of Haryana. Ambala is one of the biggest exporters of educational instruments in the country^{[citation needed]}. Ambala has largest whole sale cloth market in India^{[citation needed]}.

Service industries

Gurgaon, has seen emergence of an active information technology industry in the recent years. With organisations like Tata Consultancy Services, IBM, NIIT, Hewitt Associates, Dell, Convergys, United Healthcare and The Boston Consulting Group setting up back offices or contact centers in Gurgaon.

Agriculture

Despite recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. About 70% of residents are engaged in agriculture Wheat and rice are the major crops. Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains. The main crops of Haryana are wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds, pulses, barley, maize, millet etc. There are two main types of crops in Haryana: Rabi and Kharif. The major Kharif crops of Haryana are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane, sesame and groundnut. For these crops the ground is prepared in April and May and the seeds are sown at the commencement of rains in June. The crops are ready for harvesting by the beginning of November. The major Rabi crops are wheat, tobacco, pulses, linseed, rapeseed and mustard. The ground is prepared by the end of October or the beginning of November and the crops are harvested by March.

An agricultural area in Haryana. Haryanvi community is largely agrarian.

About 86% of the area is arable, and of that 96% is cultivated. About 75% of the area is irrigated, through tube wells and an extensive system of canals. Haryana contributed significantly to the Green Revolution in India in the 1970s that made the country self-sufficient in food production. The state has also significantly contributed to the field of agricultural education in the country. Asia's biggest agricultural University^[26] - Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University is located at Hisar and it has made a significant contribution in ushering in the 'Green Revolution' in the state.

Dairy farming is also an essential part of the rural economy. Haryana has a livestock population of 98.97 lakh.^[26] Milk and milk products form an essential part of the local diet. There is the saying Desaan main des Haryana, jit doodh dahi ka khaana, which means "Best among all the countries in the world is Haryana, where the staple food is milk and yoghurt". Haryana, with 660 grams of availability of milk per capita per day, ranks at number two in the country as against the national average of 232 grams.^[27]^[28] There is a vast network of milk societies that support the dairy industry. The National Dairy Research Institute^[29] at Karnal is Asia's largest and oldest dairy, and the Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes at Hisar are instrumental in development of new breeds of cattle and propagation of these breeds through embryo transfer technology. The Murrah breed of water buffalo from Haryana is world-famous for its milk production.

Roads, aviation and infrastructure

The 32 lane toll gate at National Highway 8 in Gurgaon is the largest in Asia and third largest in the world

It has a total road length of 23,684 kilometers. There are 29 national highways with total length of 1,461 km and many state highways with total length of 2,494 km. The most remote parts of the state are linked with metaled roads. Its modern bus fleet of 3,864 buses covers a distance of 1.15 million Kilometers per day. It was the first State in the country to introduce luxury video coaches.^[30] Grand Trunk Road, commonly abbreviated to GT Road, is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. It passes through the districts of Sonipat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala in north Haryana where it enters Delhi and subsequently the industrial town of Faridabad on its way. The state government proposes to construct Express highways and freeways for speedier vehicular traffic. The 135.6-km long Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway(KMP) will provide a high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as Sonepat, Jhajjar, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The work on the project has already started and is scheduled to be completed by July 2009.^[31] Haryana is in close contact with the cosmopolitan world, being right next to Delhi. As a result, international and domestic airports, diplomatic and commercial complexes are located in close proximity to the state. Haryana and Delhi government has also constructed Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway which has the largest toll plaza in Asia and 3rd largest in the world. There is a proposal for a Badarpur Flyover and the widening of the Mathura Road passing through Faridabad from 6 lanes to 8 lanes. There is also a proposal to connect Chandigarh to Haryana without entering Punjab through a 4-lane highway via Yamunanagar and Panchkula.

Chandigarh Monument

Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most important inputs for the development of the State. Haryana was the first State in the country to achieve 100% rural electrification in 1970, first in the country to link all villages with all-weather roads and first in the country to provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state.^[32] Haryana is well connected on the railway network also.

Communication and media

Haryana has a state-wide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government has its own state-wide area network by which all government offices of 21 districts and 127 blocks across the state are connected with each other thus making it the first SWAN of the country.^[33]^[34]^[35] Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices, Bharti Telecom, Idea Vodafone Essar, Aircel, Uninor and Videocon) have operations in the state. Important areas around Delhi are also an integral part of the local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. This network system would easily cover major towns like Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Kundli. The major newspapers of Haryana are New Bright Star, Aaj Samaj, Dainik Tribune, Punjab Kesari, Jag Bani, Dainik Jagran, The Tribune, Amar Ujala, Hindustan Times, Dainik Bhaskar, The Times of India, Ampm News and Hari-Bhumi.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Districts of Haryana

The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purpose - Ambala Division, Rohtak Division, Gurgaon Division and Hisar Division. There are 21 districts, 47 sub-divisions, 67 tehsils, 45 sub-tehsils and 116 blocks. Haryana has a total of 81 cities and towns and 6,759 villages.

Districts

Ambala Division

Gurgaon Division

Hisar Division

Rohtak Division

Education

Sports

Vijender Singh Beniwal, Boxer from Haryana

Volleyball player Ror Balwant Singh Sagwal

Haryana has produced some of the best Indian players in a variety of sports. In 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games 22 out of 38 Gold Medals came from Haryana.^[39] During the 33rd National games held in Assam in 2007, Haryana stood 4th in the nation^[40] with a medal tally of 80, including 30 Gold, 22 Silver and 28 Bronze medals. In team sports, Haryana is the national champion in men's volleyball and women's hockey. Haryana is a traditional powerhouse in games like Kabbadi, Kho-kho, Judo, Boxing, Volleyball and Wrestling. Sports in the state are managed by the Department of Sports & Youth Affairs, Haryana. Nahar Singh Stadium for international cricket was built in Faridabad in the year 1981. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000 people as spectators.^[41] Tejli Sports Complex is an Ultra-Modern sports complex in Yamunanagar. The Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Panchkula is a multi-sport complex.^[42] It came into prominence because of the Indian Cricket League's inaugural Twenty20 tournament. Astroturf hockey grounds in Nehru Stadium, Gurgaon and Shahbad, Kurukshetra. Haryana even have a dedicated sports school MNSS at Rai, Sonepat which is affiliated to Sports Authority of India.

At the 2008 Olympics, Vijender Singh Beniwal won a middleweight (75 kg) bronze medal and Vikas Krishan Yadav boxer from Bhiwani district won a gold medal in the 2010 Asian Games in the Lightweight category.^[43] Manoj Kumar of village Rajound, Kaithal district won a gold medal in light welterweight ctegory at the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games.

Haryana Sports Policy, 2009

Haryana has adopted a new sports policy on 21 August 2009, when Haryana Cabinet which met under the Chairmanship of Chief Minister, Mr Bhupinder Singh Hooda, approved the Sports Policy, 2009.^[44]

In the 2010 Commonwealth Games, most of India's male wrestlers were from Haryana.^[45]

Health

Haryana Civil Medical Services (HCMS)^[46]
NRHM, National Rural Health Mission

References

^ Kautilya describes them as martial and most heroic, while Panini includes among them the Kauravyas, the ancient warrior community of Haryana. It would thus appear that the main force of Chandragupta's liberation army was recruited from Haryana and Punjab. As Haryana or the ancient Kuru janapada....., Page 33, "Haryana, ancient and medieval" by H. A. Phadke, Publisher Harman Pub. House, 1990, ISBN 81-85151-34-2, 9788185151342
^ Chapter Kuru Janapada (Pages 2, 3 & 7) of the book "Buddhist remains from Haryana", by Devendra Handa, Edition illustrated, Publisher Sundeep Prakashan, 2004 Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized 3 September 2008

If the Buddhist texts are to be relied upon, it may be said that Buddhism reached Haryana through the Buddha himself. (Page 3)

Dipavamsa refers to Buddha's visit to a city in the Kuru country where he received alms on the banks of the Anotatta lake which he crossed. The city may have been Kurukshetra..... (Page 3)

We shall see subsequently that Agroha was an important Buddhist centre of Haryana.....Buddhaghosha's candid confession that even a single monastery could not be set up in the Kuru country during the lifetime of Tathagata who was obliged to stay in the hermitage of a Brahmana.... (Page 7)
^ The ancient Kuru janapada is said to have comprised Kurukshetra, Thanesar, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat....., Page 115, "Buddhist sites and shrines in India: history, art and architecture", Volume 231 of Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica by D. C. Ahir, Publisher Sri Satguru Publications, 2003, ISBN 81-7030-774-0, 9788170307747
^ An Early Attestation of the Toponym Ḍhillī, by Richard J. Cohen, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1989, p. 513-519

हरियाणए देसे असंखगाम, गामियण जणि अणवरथ काम|

परचक्क विहट्टणु सिरिसंघट्टणु, जो सुरव इणा परिगणियं|

रिउ रुहिरावट्टणु बिउलु पवट्टणु, ढिल्ली नामेण जि भणियं|

Translation: There are countless villages in Haryana country. The villagers there work hard. They don't accept domination of others, and are experts in making the blood of their enemies flow. Indra himself praises this country. The capital of this country is Dhilli.
^ Haryana to construct 6000 rooms for games
^ Poor rural India? It's a richer place - International Herald Tribune
^ Byres, T.J.. Rural labour relations in India. Taylor & Francis, 1999. ISBN 071468046X, 9780714680460.
^ Government of India portal
^ IndianExpress.com :: Haryana Hurricane
^ Haryana Britannica Online Encyclopedia]
^ ^a ^b Bijender K Punia (1994). Tourism management: problems and prospects. APH. p. 18. ISBN 9788170246435.
^ ^a ^b J. N. Singh Yadav (1992). Yadavas through the ages, from ancient period to date: Volume 2. Sharada. ISBN 9788185616032.
^ Pran Nath Chopra (1982). Religions and communities of India. Vision Books. p. 139.
^ 1 November 1966 - Haryana Day - History - Haryana Online - North India
^ ^a ^b Geography of Haryana - Map, Shivaliks, Ghaggar, Yamuna, Saraswati, Morni - India
^ name="haryana-online.com"
^ Census of India, Population by Religious Communities
^ Haryana.bspindia.org
^ Reverse Take
^ This is a book by a Jat author. Page 19, "Ror Itihaas ki Jhalak" (Hindi) by Dr. Raj Pal Singh, Pal Publications, Yamunanagar (1987)
^ Thecolorsofindia.com
^ Dnaindia.com
^ District History
^ Google Books
^ The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood
^ ^a ^b Haryana
^ Haryana number two in milk production The Times of India
^ Haryana 2nd in milk yield
^ Telegraphindia.com
^ Why Haryana? - Economic Infrastructure
^ IndianExpress.com :: KMP Expressways to be completed by 2009
^ :::: Investment Promotion Center:::::: Govt. of HARYANA
^ Egovonline.net
^ Punjabnewsline.com
^ "The Tribune India". The Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
^ Welcome to India in Business: Know India
^ Education in Haryana - Universities - Colleges - Schools - Institutions - Engineering - Medical
^ Hbse.nic.in
^ Mizoramexpress.com
^ Official site for the 33rd National Games 2007, Guwahati
^ Cricinfo - Grounds - Nahar Singh Stadium, Faridabad
^ Cricinfo - Grounds - Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium, Panchkula, Chandigarh
^ Vikas Krishan Yadav
^ Hr.abclive.in
^ Blake, Linda (6 October 2010). "Mud Wrestling Breeds Champions". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/10/06/mud-wrestling-in-india-breeds-champions/.
^ Garyanahealtch.nic.in

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v · d · e State of Haryana

Capital: Chandigarh

Topics	Geography History Politics

Districts	Ambala Bhiwani Faridabad Fatehabad Gurgaon Hisar Jhajjar Jind Kaithal Karnal Kurukshetra Mahendragarh Mewat Panchkula Palwal Panipat Rewari Rohtak Sirsa Sonipat Yamuna Nagar

Tourist attractions	Agroha Badkhal Lake Kalka Karna Lake Kurukshetra Morni Hills Pinjore Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Surajkund Tilyar Lake Anagpur Dam

Notable personalities	Kalpana Chawla Kapil Dev Lala Lajpat Rai Seth Chhaju Ram Sir Chhotu Ram Rao Tula Ram Mallika Sherawat Colonel Hoshiar Singh

Chief Ministers	Om Prakash Chautala Banarsi Das Gupta Bhupinder Singh Hooda Bansi Lal Bhajan Lal Devi Lal Birender Singh Hukam Singh

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Haryana — [hɑːrjɑː nɑː], Bundesstaat in Nordwestindien, 44 212 km2, (2001) 21,08 Mio. Einwohner; Hauptstadt ist Chandigarh. Hauptsprache ist Hindi. Im Osten grenzt der Bundesstaat an die Yamuna und an das Unionsterritorium Delhi. Die flache… … Universal-Lexikon
Haryana — es un estado situado al norte de la India. Limita al norte con los estados de Punjab e Himachal Pradesh y con Rajastán al oeste y al sur. El río Yamuna sirve de frontera este con los estados de Uttaranchal y Uttar Pradesh. El estado está… … Enciclopedia Universal
Haryana — [hər yä′nə] alt. sp. of HARIANA … English World dictionary
Haryana — /hur ee ah neuh/, n. a state in NW India, formed in 1966 from the S part of Punjab. 11,610,000; 17,074 sq. mi. (44,222 sq. km). Cap. (shared with Punjab): Chandigarh. Also, Hariana. * * * State (pop., 2001 prelim.: 21,082,989), northern India.… … Universalium
Haryana — 30° 44′ N 76° 47′ E / 30.73, 76.78 … Wikipédia en Français
Haryana — Para la localidad en Punyab., véase Hariana (Punyab). Haryana Estado de la India … Wikipedia Español
Haryana — Admin ASC 1 Code Orig. name Haryana Country and Admin Code IN.10 IN … World countries Adminstrative division ASC I-II

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Haryana

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