All Nippon Airways

All Nippon Airways
Not to be confused with Australian National Airways.
All Nippon Airways
全日本空輸
Zen Nippon Kūyu
IATA
NH		 ICAO
ANA		 Callsign
ALL NIPPON
Founded 27 December 1952
Hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer program ANA Mileage Club
Airport lounge ANA Lounge
Alliance Star Alliance
Subsidiaries
Fleet size 176 passenger
8 cargo
Destinations 71
Headquarters Shiodome City Center
Minato, Tokyo, Japan[1]
Key people Shinichiro Ito (CEO)
Website www.ana.co.jp

All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (全日本空輸株式会社 Zen Nippon Kūyu Kabushiki-gaisha?, TYO: 9202, LSE: ANA), also known as Zennikkū (全日空?) or ANA, is one of the largest airlines in Japan. It is headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It operates services to 49 destinations in Japan and 35 international routes[2] and employed over 14,000 employees as of May 2009.[3] In May 2010, ANA's total passenger traffic is up year-on-year by 7.8%, and its international services grow by 22% to 2.07 million passengers in the first five months of 2010.[4] ANA's main international hubs are at Narita International Airport outside Tokyo and Kansai International Airport outside Osaka. Its main domestic hubs are at Tokyo International Airport (Haneda), Osaka International Airport Itami, Chūbu Centrair International Airport (near Nagoya), and New Chitose Airport (near Sapporo).[5]

In addition to its mainline operations, ANA controls several subsidiary passenger carriers,[6] including its regional airline, Air Nippon, charter carrier, Air Japan, and Air Next, a low-cost carrier based at Fukuoka Airport which handles flights for ANA. Additional smaller carriers include Air Nippon Network (A-net), a subsidiary of Air Nippon, Air Central, Q400-based airline based at Chūbu Centrair International Airport, and ANA & JP Express (AJV), a freighter operator. ANA is also the largest shareholder in Peach, a low-cost carrier which plans to begin operations in 2012. All Nippon Airways is currently an official sponsor of Japan Football Association.

Contents

History

Formation

Boeing 737-200 in ANA's late 1960s-1983 "Mohican Livery"

ANA's earliest ancestor was Nippon Helicopter and Aeroplane (日本ヘリコプター輸送 Nippon Herikoputā Yusō?), an airline company founded on 27 December 1952.[7] Nippon Helicopter was the source of what would later be ANA's IATA airline code, NH.[8]

NH began helicopter services in February 1953. On 15 December 1953, it operated its first cargo flight between Osaka and Tokyo using a de Havilland Dove, JA5008.[7] This was the first scheduled flight flown by a Japanese pilot in postwar Japan. Passenger service on the same route began on 1 February 1954, and was upgraded to a de Havilland Heron in March.[9] In 1955, the Douglas DC-3 plane began flying for NH as well,[7] by which time the airline's route network extended from northern Kyūshū to Sapporo.

ANA's other ancestor was Far East Airlines (極東航空 Kyokutō Kōkū?).[10] Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before NH, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using a de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima.[9]

FEA merged with NH in March 1958. The combined companies had a total market capitalization of 600 million yen, and was Japan's largest private airline.[7] The merged airline, called All Nippon Airways,[7] received a new Japanese name (全日本空輸 Zen Nippon Kūyu; Japan Air Transport). The company logo of the larger NH was selected as the logo of the new combined airline, and the new carrier operated a route network combined from its two predecessors.[7]

Domestic era

The Kasumigaseki Building, which previously served as the airline's headquarters

ANA grew steadily through the 1960s, adding the Vickers Viscount to the fleet in 1960 and the Fokker F27 in 1961.[7] October 1961 marked ANA's debut at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as well as the Osaka Securities Exchange.[7] 1963 saw another merger, this one with Fujita Airlines, raising the company's capital to 4.65 billion yen.[7] In 1965, ANA introduced jet services with Boeing 727s on the Tokyo-Sapporo route. It also introduced Japan's first homegrown turboprop airliner, the YS-11 in 1965, to replace Convair 440s on local routes.[7] In 1969, ANA introduced Boeing 737 service.[7]

As ANA grew, it started to contract travel companies across Japan to handle ground services in each region. Many of these companies received shares in ANA as part of their deals. Some of these relationships continue today in different forms: for instance, Nagoya Railroad, which handled ANA's operations in the Chūbu region along with other partnerships,[11] maintains a permanent seat on ANA's board of directors.[12] By 1974, ANA had Japan's largest domestic airline network.[10]

While ANA's domestic operations grew, the Ministry of Transportation had granted government-owned Japan Airlines (JAL) a monopoly on international scheduled flights,[7] which remained intact until 1986. ANA was allowed to operate international charter flights: its first was a 727 charter from Tokyo to Hong Kong on February 21, 1971.[13]

Key ANA fleet types in the early 1990s: Boeing 747SR and L-1011

ANA purchased its first widebody aircraft, six Lockheed L-1011s, in November 1971, following a lengthy sales effort by Lockheed which had involved negotiations between US president Richard Nixon, Japanese premier Kakuei Tanaka and UK premier Edward Heath (lobbying in favor of engine maker Rolls-Royce). Tanaka also pressed Japanese regulators to permit ANA to operate on Asia routes as part of the package.[14] The aircraft entered service on the Tokyo-Okinawa route in 1974. The carrier had initially ordered McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, but cancelled the order at the last minute and switched to Lockheed. It was later revealed that Lockheed had indirectly bribed Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka to force this switch: the ensuing scandal led to the arrest of Tanaka and several managers from ANA and Lockheed sales agent Marubeni for corruption.[15]

Boeing 747-200s were introduced on the Tokyo-Sapporo and Tokyo-Fukuoka routes in 1976,[7] and Boeing 767s were introduced in 1983[16] on Shikoku routes. The carrier's first 747s were the short-range SR variant, designed for Japanese domestic routes.[13]

International era

ANA aircraft (both B747-400Ds) at Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport).

In 1986, ANA began to expand beyond Japan's key domestic carrier to become a competitive international carrier as well.[7] On 3 March 1986, ANA started scheduled international flights with a passenger service from Tokyo to Guam.[17] Flights to Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. followed by year's end, and ANA also entered a service agreement with American Airlines[7] to feed the US carrier's new flights to Narita.

ANA expanded its international services gradually: to Beijing, Dalian, Hong Kong and Sydney in 1987; to Seoul in 1988; to London and Saipan in 1989; to Paris in 1990 and to New York in 1991.[18][19] Airbus equipment such as the A320 and A321 was added to the fleet in the early 1990s, as was the Boeing 747-481 jet. ANA joined the Star Alliance in October 1999.[20]

2004 saw ANA's profits exceed JAL's for the first time. That year, facing a surplus of slots due to the construction of new airports and the ongoing expansion of Tokyo International Airport, ANA announced a fleet renewal plan that would replace some of its large aircraft with a greater number of smaller aircraft.[21]

ANA aircraft at Sapporo International Airport (Chitose)

Also in 2004, ANA set up low-cost subsidiary Air Next to operate flights from Fukuoka Airport starting in 2005, and became the majority shareholder in Nakanihon Airline Service (NAL) headquartered in Nagoya Airport.[22] In 2005, ANA renamed NAL to Air Central, and relocated its headquarters to Chūbu Centrair International Airport.[23] On July 12, 2005, ANA reached a deal with NYK to sell its 27.6% share in Nippon Cargo Airlines, a joint venture formed between the two companies in 1987.[24] The sale allowed ANA to focus on developing its own cargo division. In 2006, ANA, Japan Post, Nippon Express, and Mitsui O.S.K. Lines founded ANA & JP Express (AJV), which would operate freighters. ANA is the top shareholder of AJV. It absorbed Air Japan's freighter operations.

The Utility Center building, the former headquarters of ANA at Tokyo International Airport

Air Transport World named ANA its 2007 "Airline of the Year." In 2006, the airline was recognized by FlightOnTime.info as the most punctual scheduled airline between London and Tokyo for the last four consecutive years, based on official British statistics.[25] Japan Airlines took over the title in 2007. In 2009, ANA announced plans to test an idea as part of the airline's "e-flight" campaign, encouraging passengers on select flights to visit the airport restroom before they board.[26][27] On November 10 of the same year, ANA also announced "Inspiration of Japan", ANA's newest international flight concept, with redesigned cabins initially launched on its 777-300ER aircraft.[28]

July 2011, All Nippon Airways and AirAsia have agreed to form a low-cost carrier AirAsia Japan based in Tokyo's Narita International Airport. ANA will hold 51 percent shares and AirAsia will hold 33 percent voting shares and 16 percent non-voting shares through its wholly owned subsidiary, AA International.[29]

Corporate affairs and identity

Headquarters

Shiodome City Center in Minato, Tokyo, headquarters of ANA and Air Nippon.[30]

All Nippon Airways is headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.[30][31]

In the late 1960s ANA had its headquarters in the Hikokan Building in Shinbashi, Minato.[32] From the 1970s through the late 1990s All Nippon Airways was headquartered in the Kasumigaseki Building in Chiyoda, Tokyo.[33][34][35][36] Before moving into its current headquarters, ANA had its headquarters on the grounds of Tokyo International Airport in Ōta, Tokyo.[37] In 2002 ANA announced that it was taking up to 10 floors in the then under-construction Shiodome City Center. ANA announced that it was also moving some subsidiaries to the Shiodome City Center.[38] Shiodome City Center, which became ANA's headquarters, opened in 2003.[39]

Subsidiaries

ANA Group is a group of companies which are wholly or primarily owned by ANA. It comprises the following:[40]

A Boeing 777 aircraft in mid air, seen from below
ANA Boeing 777-281

Commercial aviation

General aviation

  • All Nippon Helicopter (dedicated for the public broadcaster NHK.)

Other services

ANA Cargo

ANA Cargo 767-300F

ANA Cargo is the brand of ANA Group's freight service. As of June 2007, domestically it offers 937 daily flights on 135 routes. Internationally it offers 704 weekly flights to 28 destinations via ANA and ANA & JP Express. In the fiscal year ended on 31 March 2007 it earned 30,574 million yens (Mys) from freight and 8,936 Mys from airmail domestically as well as 62,195 Mys from freight and 3,438 Mys from airmail internationally.[41]

As of October 2011, it owns nine Boeing 767-300F freighter aircraft.[42]

ANA/UPS alliance

ANA Cargo and the United Parcel Service (UPS; UPS Airlines) has a cargo alliance and a code-share agreement to transport member cargo, similar to an airline alliance.[43][44]

Nippon Cargo Airlines

ANA was a founding (1978) and one of the two co-leading (27.5-percent each) shareholders of Nippon Cargo Airlines, with shipping company Nippon Yusen. But in 2005 ANA sold its all stake to the co-leading partner. The technical partnership is continuing.[45]

Destinations

Main article: All Nippon Airways destinations

ANA has an extensive domestic route network that covers the entirety of Japan, from Hokkaido in the north to Okinawa in the south. ANA's international route network extends through China, Korea, and Southeast Asia, United States and Western Europe. Its key international hub is Narita International Airport, where it shares the South Wing of Terminal 1 with its Star Alliance partners.[46]

Codeshare agreements

As of 24 July 2010, All Nippon Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines ( * denotes as Star Alliance members).[47]

ANA also codeshares with Deutsche Bahn for rail service feeding Frankfurt Airport.

ANA operations at its destinations

Fleet

An ANA Boeing 747-400 in a Pokémon livery takes off from Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport), Tokyo. (2009)

As of September 2011, the ANA passenger fleet (excluding subsidiaries) consists of the following aircraft:[42][51]

All Nippon Airways Fleet
Aircraft Total Orders Passengers Notes
F C E Y
Total
Airbus A320-200 27 0 — 0 — 166 166
Boeing 737-700 16 0 8 112 120
Boeing 737-700ER 2 0 48 0 48
Boeing 747-400D 10 0 23 542 565 Domestic only
Boeing 767-300 32 0 12 267 279 To be phased out
Boeing 767-300ER 24 2 35
—		 179
288		 214
288		 JA614A painted in Star Alliance livery
288-seat configuration is domestic only
Boeing 777-200 16 0 12
14		 370
404		 382
418		 JA711A and JA712A painted in Star Alliance livery
Domestic only
Boeing 777-200ER 7 4 70
36		 36
—		 117
271		 223
306
Boeing 777-300 7 0 21 — 503 524 Domestic only
Boeing 777-300ER 19 0 8
8
8		 77
68
52		 24
—
—		 138
139
202		 247
215
262		 JA731A painted in Star Alliance livery
Aircraft without premium economy have new "Inspiration of Japan" interior
Boeing 787-8
Regional and domestic		 2 38 — 12 — 252 264[52] Launch customer for this variant.
First delivery on September 26.[53] First inaguaral flight on 26 October 2011.
Regular service started 1 November 2011.[54]
JA801A and JA802A painted in special 787 livery
20 aircraft to be delivered by March 2013[55]
Boeing 787-8
International long-haul		 — 46 — 112 158[56]
Boeing 787-9 0 15 TBA
Mitsubishi MRJ90 0 15 TBA
Total 157 77

The combined fleet of 186 passenger and cargo aircraft has an average age of 10.8 years.[42]

Fleet history

NAMC YS-11, a domestically produced mainstay of the ANA fleet from the 1960s through the 1990s.

Originally, there was more than one YS-11 in the All Nippon Airways fleet, although most of the YS-11's were used under the name of ANK, or Air Nippon, a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways. The final YS-11 in operation was retired in 2006.[57] A number of YS-11's are in museums, or otherwise scrapped or taken apart. After a final retirement process through September 2006, all YS-11's were downed, obligated to retire, unless privately owned and were privately renovated. The YS-11 was a big part of All Nippon Airways back in the 1970s to the early 1990s, when it was used as a domestic carrier throughout the Japanese industry of flight.[57]

ANA flew their last flight of their Airbus A321 on February 29, 2008, which was flight 864 from Hakodate to Tokyo Haneda, arriving at Haneda at 20:25 (8:25 p.m.). This marked the end of almost 10 years of operation of the Airbus A321, in which ANA was the first and the only customer in the country of Japan to operate this kind of aircraft.[58] ANA flew its first passenger flight on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner on October 26, 2011, which operated as flight 7871 charter flight from Tokyo Narita to Hong Kong.[59]

Fleet plans

ANA is the launch customer for the new Boeing widebody, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, ordering 50 examples with an option for 50 more during April 2004. Deliveries will begin in late 2011. ANA got its first Dreamliner on 21st September 2011. It's the first ever Dreamliner to be delivered in the world. ANA split the order between 30 of the short-range 787-3 and 20 of the long haul 787-8, and during October 2004 announced it had selected Rolls-Royce to supply the engines. However, ANA later converted their -3 orders to the -8 variant. The aircraft will allow new routes to be opened to mid-sized cities not previously served, such as Barcelona, Boston, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Charlotte, Düsseldorf, Denver, Madrid, Miami and Montreal. It plans to receive 20 787s by March 2013 and plans to receive all 55 aircraft by March 2018.[60]

A twin-engine airliner on a runway in front of hangars.
ANA 787 Dreamliner at Boeing's Everett facility

On 17 February 2005, ANA signed a contract for an additional four Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, bringing the order total for that model to ten, the first of which was delivered in October 2004.[61] Seven 777-300s (all of which were delivered), sixteen 777-200s (all delivered), and seven 777-200ERs (all delivered) by 2009.[62] ANA announced on March 6, 2007 that it had ordered 4 Boeing 777-300ER aircraft as part of its continued fleet expansion.[63]

ANA announced on 31 January 2006 that it would be converting two of its previously ordered 737-700s to 737-700ERs, thus becoming the launch customer of this longest-range version of the 737.[64] ANA was also the launch customer of Japan's newest jet since the NAMC YS-11, the Mitsubishi Regional Jet. The airline ordered 15 MRJ90 aircraft with an option for an additional 10 on March 27, 2008.[65]

ANA Boeing 747-400 on landing approach

The airline has contracted for three A320s and also leased two others[66] as a temporary measure until their 737-700 deliveries are complete. Thereafter, A320s will be withdrawn for domestic service but will remain in the fleet. ANA reportedly considered purchasing 5 Airbus A380's according to Nikkei Business Daily. As surging fuel prices pressured airlines, ANA's fuel-saving options included possibly using the A380, which can carry more passengers on fewer flights; delays in the delivery of Boeing 787 also led ANA to consider purchasing A380s.[67] However, this plan has been postponed amid low passenger demand.[68]

On 21 December 2009, ANA announced plans to buy 10 new wide-body aircraft from Boeing. The order consists of 5 767 aircraft, and 5 777 aircraft. The 767s are to be used as stop gap until the completion of ANA's order for 787s, while 777s will be used to replace the airline's fleet of Boeing 747-400 aircraft, which are due to be sold in 2010 to an as yet unnamed buyer.[69]

Special liveries

ANA operates 15 special livery aircraft:[51]

Two ANA Boeing 747s in special Pokémon liveries
  • Three Pokémon-themed Jets: two Boeing 747-481Ds (JA8956, JA8957), one Boeing 777-381 (JA754A)
  • Five Star Alliance jets: two Boeing 777-281s (JA711A, JA712A), one Boeing 777-381/ER (JA731A), one Boeing 767-381/ER (JA614A) and one Boeing 737-881 (JA51AN).
  • One Panda-themed Boeing 767-381/ER celebrating the 20th anniversary of service between Japan and China (JA606A) [70]
  • Two "Gold Jet" Boeing 737-781s (JA01AN, JA02AN)
  • Two "Business Jet" Boeing 737-781/ERs (JA10AN, JA13AN)
  • Three De Havilland Canada DHC-8-314Q Dash 8s in "Himawari" (JA802K)", "Suzuran" (JA803K) and "Hamanasu" (JA805K) livery.
  • One Gundam-themed Boeing 777-300 (JA755A) celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Gundam model kit line.[71]
  • One "Mohican-themed" retro-jet Boeing 767-381ER (JA602A) celebrate for ANA 60th Anniversary in 2012

Services

New cabin

Club ANA business class cabin

Introduced in 2009, the "Inspiration of Japan" cabin features included fully-lie-flat-bed business class seats (the first for a Japanese airline), nearly enclosed first class suite seats, fixed shell back seats in both of its economy classes (42-inch pitch in premium economy, which is shared for the largest pitch in its class along with its fellow Star Alliance member Thai Airways International on its Airbus A340-500s; 34-inch pitch in economy, above average than most airlines), a new AVOD in-flight entertainment system (based on Panasonic Avionics Corporation's eX2 technology with iPod connectivity, in-seat shopping and meal ordering as well as premium cabin touchscreen consoles) as well as improvements to its in-flight service. ANA will also introduce a new lounge (which opened on February 20, 2010, supposed to be in coincidence with the introduction of new aircraft interiors but delayed [see below]) and check-in concept (later in autumn 2010) at Narita for first class and ANA Mileage Club's Diamond Service elite members.

ANA economy class cabin

The introduction of the concept also discontinued the use of the name "Club ANA", which was used for its international business class seats (changing into a generic business class name) as well as the name of the lounges (all lounges for both first class and business class are named "ANA Lounge", with the first class lounge called the "ANA Suite Lounge" and its arrival lounge the "ANA Arrival Lounge").

This concept was originally set to debut on February 20, 2010 with the delivery of its new Boeing 777-300ER prior to that date, followed by the introduction of the concept on that date on the Narita-New York route. However, due to delays to the new premium economy seats, the debut was pushed back to April 19. (The delay was due to the failure of a safety test in Japan of a new seat design axle, made by seat manufacturer Koito Industries Ltd. This safety test failure also affected deliveries of aircraft to be operated by three other fellow Star Alliance members - Singapore Airlines for its A380s, Thai Airways' A330s, and Continental Airlines for new 737-800 deliveries.[72][73]) This concept will eventually be refitted on its existing 777-300ERs for service on other North American routes as well as its European routes, and parts of it may eventually be phased into its existingBoeing 767-300ERs in service as well as the upcoming Boeing 787s in order.[28][28][74][75][76]

Since February 2010 ANA offers women's only lavatories on international flights.[77] The first Boeing 787 the airline received have the bidets in both economy and business class lavatory.[78]

Inflight Magazine

ANA's inflight magazine is named 'Wingspan' and is available both on board, and as a freely downloadable application for Apple's iPad. The iPad version is named 'Virtual Airport' and includes content from Wingspan, as well as links to airline booking and online check-in pages.[79].

ANA in popular culture

Check-in machines for ANA at Hakodate Airport
  • ANA sponsored the film Happy Flight, which is about a copilot and flight attendant on an ANA flight to Hawaii.[80]
  • ANA sponsored a Japanese television drama Good Luck!! which is about the life of airplane crews, starred by Takuya Kimura, Shinichi Tsutsumi and Kou Shibasaki
  • The title for All Nippon Air Line, a BL manga by Kei Azumaya, was derived from All Nippon Airways.

Incidents and accidents

  • ANA's first crash occurred in 1958, when a Douglas DC-3 JA5045 operating as Flight 025, crashed.[81]
  • In 1958, dynamite was planted in a Douglas DC-3 by Akira Emoto, a candy salesman, as part of a suicide plan. Emoto killed himself by leaping from the aircraft and the bombs failed to detonate.[82]
  • In 1960, Douglas DC-3 JA5018, was lost.[83]
  • On 12 June 1961, Vickers Viscount G-APKJ was damaged beyond economic repair when the starboard undercarriage collapsed following a heavy landing at Osaka Itami Airport.[84]
  • On 19 November 1962, Vickers Viscount JA8202 crashed at Nagoya while on a training flight, killing all four people on board.[85]
  • On 4 February 1966, Flight 60, operated by Boeing 727 JA8302 was landing at Tokyo Haneda Airport when it crashed into Tokyo Bay, with the loss of all 133 passengers and crew.[86]
  • On November 13, 1966, Flight 533, a YS-11 crashed in Matsuyama.[87]
  • On July 30, 1971, Flight 58, a Boeing 727, registration JA8329, collided with a JASDF F-86 Sabre fighter stationed at Matsushima Air Base.[88]
  • On June 22, 1995 a man who called himself "Fumio Kujimi" and registered for an ANA flight as "Saburo Kobayashi", hijacked an ANA flight after it took off from Tokyo. The plane landed in Hokkaidō, and police stormed the aircraft, arresting the hijacker.[89] Police stated that the hijacker was 53-year-old Fujio Kutsumi;[90] he had demanded for the release of Shoko Asahara.[91] The hijacking incident lasted for 16 hours.[90]
  • In 1999, a man hijacked Flight 61 and killed the captain. He was subdued by other crew members, and no passengers or other crew were killed or injured.[92]
  • On September 6, 2011, Flight 140, an All Nippon 737-700 traveling from Naha to Tokyo with 117 passengers and crew, flipped almost 180 degrees in midair and rapidly descended as the First Officer accidentally hit the rudder trim knob lock button instead of the door unlock button as the captain returned from the lavatory. The First Officer eventually gained control back and leveled off the plane. There were minor injuries to two flight attendants and six passengers became violently airsick.[93][94]

See also

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