- Kansai International Airport
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Kansai International Airport
関西国際空港
Kansai Kokusai Kūkō
IATA: KIX – ICAO: RJBB Summary Airport type Public Operator Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. Serves Osaka Location Izumisano, Sennan, & Tajiri
Osaka, JapanHub for All Nippon Airways
Japan Airlines
Nippon Cargo AirlinesElevation AMSL 17 ft / 5 m Coordinates 34°26′03″N 135°13′58″E / 34.43417°N 135.23278°ECoordinates: 34°26′03″N 135°13′58″E / 34.43417°N 135.23278°E Website Map Location in Japan
RJBBRunways Direction Length Surface m ft 06R/24L 3,500 11,483 Asphalt concrete 06L/24R 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete Statistics (FY2009) Aircraft Movements 108,672 Passenger Movements 13,513,447 Freight Volume 633,777 t Sources: Japanese AIP at AIS Japan[1]
Statistics from Kansai International Airport[2]Kansai International Airport (関西国際空港 Kansai Kokusai Kūkō) (IATA: KIX, ICAO: RJBB) is an international airport located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay, 38 km (24 mi) southwest of Ōsaka Station,[1] located within three municipalities, including Izumisano (north),[3] Sennan (south),[4] and Tajiri (central),[5] in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The airport is off the Honshu shore. The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines. Peach, the first international low-cost carrier in Japan, plans to make Kansai its main hub starting in 2012.
It is colloquially known as Kankū (関空) in Japanese.
Kansai opened in 1994 to relieve overcrowding at Osaka International Airport, which is closer to the city of Osaka and now handles only domestic flights. During the 2006 fiscal year, KIX had 116,475 aircraft movements, of which 73,860 were international (31 countries, 71 cities), and 42,615 were domestic (19 cities). The total number of passengers was 16,689,658 of which 11,229,444 were international, and 5,460,214 were domestic, sixth in Japan and second in Osaka area. However, in 2009, airport traffic has fallen by almost 20% in just two years to 13.4 million.[6] Freight volume was at 802,162 tonnes total, of which 757,414 t were international (18th in the world), and 44,748 t were domestic.[2] The 4,000 × 60 m (13,123 × 197 ft) second runway was opened on 2 August 2007. Kansai Airport has become an Asian hub, with 499 weekly flights to Asia, 66 weekly flights to Europe and the Middle East, and 35 weekly flights to North America. It was ranked 4th overall in the Airport of the Year 2006 awards named by Skytrax, after Singapore Changi Airport, Hong Kong International Airport and Munich Airport.
Contents
Flights
- Weekly international passenger flights: 614
- Weekly international freighter flights: 200
- Weekly domestic (passenger and freighter) flights: 495
(Summer 2008 schedule)[7]
History
3rd floor boarding lobby, part of the longest airport concourse in the world.
In the 1960s, when the Kansai region was rapidly losing trade to Tokyo, planners proposed a new airport near Kobe and Osaka. Osaka International Airport, located in the densely-populated suburbs of Itami and Toyonaka, was surrounded by buildings; it could not be expanded, and many of its neighbors had filed complaints because of noise pollution problems.
After the protests surrounding New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport), which was built with expropriated land in a rural part of Chiba Prefecture, planners decided to build the airport offshore. The new airport was part of a number of new developments to revitalize Osaka, which had lost economic and cultural ground to Tokyo for most of the century.[8]
Initially, the airport was planned to be built near Kobe, but the city of Kobe refused the plan, so the airport was moved to a more southerly location on Osaka Bay. There, it could be open 24 hours per day, unlike its predecessor in the city.
Construction
Satellite photo of Kansai Airport (lower-right island) in Osaka Bay. Kobe Airport is being built on the unfinished island near the middle of the photo. Central Osaka is in the upper-right corner, along with Osaka International.
Closeup of the artificial islandA man-made island, 4 km (2.5 mi) long and 2.5 km (1.6 mi) wide, was proposed. Engineers needed to overcome the extremely high risks of earthquakes and typhoons (with storm surges of up to 3 m (10 ft)).
Construction started in 1987. The sea wall was finished in 1989 (made of rock and 48,000 tetrahedral concrete blocks). Three mountains were excavated for 21,000,000 m3 (27,000,000 cu yd) of landfill. 10,000 workers and 10 million work hours over three years, using eighty ships, were needed to complete the 30-metre (98 ft) layer of earth over the sea floor and inside the sea wall. In 1990, a three kilometer bridge was completed to connect the island to the mainland at Rinku Town, at a cost of $1 billion. Completion of the artificial island increased the area of Osaka Prefecture just enough to move it past Kagawa Prefecture in size (leaving Kagawa as the smallest by area in Japan).
The bidding and construction of the airport was a source of international trade friction during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone responded to American concerns, particularly from Senator Frank Murkowski, that bids would be rigged in Japanese companies' favor by providing special offices for prospective international contractors,[9] which ultimately did little to ease the participation of foreign contractors in the bidding process.[10] Later, foreign airlines complained that two-thirds of the departure hall counter space had been allocated to Japanese carriers, disproportionately to the actual carriage of passengers through the airport.[11]
The island had been predicted to gradually sink as the weight of the material used for construction would cause it to compress. However, by this time, the island had sunk 8 m (26 ft), much more than predicted. The project then became the most expensive civil works project in modern history after twenty years of planning, three years of construction and several billion dollars of investment. Much of what was learned went into the successful artificial islands in silt deposits for New Kitakyushu Airport, Kobe Airport, and Chūbu Centrair International Airport. The lessons of Kansai Airport were also applied in the construction of Hong Kong International Airport.[12]
In 1991, the terminal construction commenced. To compensate for the sinking of the island, adjustable columns were designed to support the terminal building. These could be extended by inserting thick metal plates at their bases. Government officials proposed reducing the length of the terminal to cut costs, but architect Renzo Piano insisted on keeping the terminal at its full planned length.[13] The airport opened in 1994.
On 17 January 1995, Japan was struck by the Kobe earthquake, whose epicenter was about 20 km (12 mi) away from KIX and killed 6,434 people on Japan's main island of Honshū. Due to its earthquake engineering, the airport emerged unscathed, mostly due to the use of sliding joints. Even the glass in the windows remained intact. Later, in 1998, the airport survived a typhoon with wind speeds of up to 200 km/h (120 mph).
On 19 April 2001, the airport was one of ten structures given the "Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium" award by the American Society of Civil Engineers.[14]
The total cost of Kansai Airport so far is $20 billion. This includes land reclamation, two runways, terminal and facilities. Most additional costs were initially due to the island sinking, expected due to the soft soils of Osaka Bay. After construction the rate of sinking was considered so severe that the airport was widely criticized as a geotechnical engineering disaster. The sink rate has since fallen from 50 cm (20 in) during 1994 to 7 cm (2.8 in) in 2008.[15]
Operation
Aircraft in front of the terminal building
4th floor ticketing hall, illustrating the terminal's airfoil roof.Opened on 4 September 1994, the airport serves as a hub for several airlines such as All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines. It is the international gateway for Japan's Kansai region, which contains the major cities of Kyoto, Kobe, and Osaka. Other Kansai domestic flights fly from the older but more conveniently located Osaka International Airport in Itami, or from the newer Kobe Airport.
The airport had been deeply in debt, losing $560 million in interest every year. Airlines had been kept away by high landing fees (about $7,500 for a Boeing 747), the second most expensive in the world after Narita's. In the early years of the airport's operation, excessive terminal rent and utility bills for on-site concessions also drove up operating costs: some estimates before opening held that a cup of coffee would have to cost US$10.[16] Osaka business owners pressed the government to take a greater burden of the construction cost to keep the airport attractive to passengers and airlines.[17] Nowadays, after deep discounts, the number of flights are increasing.
On 17 February 2005, Chubu Centrair International Airport opened in Nagoya, just east of Osaka. The opening of the airport was expected to increase competition between Japan's international airports. Despite this, passenger totals were up 11% in 2005 over 2004, and international passengers increased to 3.06 million in 2006, up 10% over 2005. Adding to the competition was the opening of Kobe Airport, less than 25 km (16 mi) away, in 2006 and the lengthening of the runway at Tokushima Airport in Shikoku in 2007.
The main rationale behind the expansions is to compete with Incheon International Airport and Hong Kong International Airport as a gateway to Asia, as Tokyo area airports are severely congested. However, with the regional trend in open skies agreements being signed, it is possible that all airports can see increases in traffic.
Kansai has been marketed as an alternative to Narita Airport for international travellers from the Greater Tokyo Area. By flying to Kansai from Haneda Airport and connecting to international flights there, travellers can save the additional time required to get to Narita: up to one and a half hours for many residents of Kanagawa Prefecture and southern Tokyo. Due to the time-limited nature of Haneda's new long-haul international slots this will remain a viable option for daytime travelers.
Expansion
Second phase of Kansai International Airport under constructionThe airport was at its limit during peak times, owing especially to freight flights, so a portion of Phase II expansion—the second runway—was made a priority.[18] Thus, in 2003, believing that the sinking problem was almost over, the airport operators started to construct a 4,000 m (13,000 ft) second runway and terminal.
The second runway opened on 2 August 2007, but without the originally planned terminal portion, now postponed to a later date. This lowered the project cost to JPY¥910 billion (approx. US$8 billion), saving ¥650 billion from the first estimate.[19] The additional runway development, which was opened in time for the IAAF world athletics championships in Osaka, has expanded the airport size to 10.5 km2 (4.1 sq mi).
Further into the future, the airport is planning to construct a new terminal building, several aprons, a third runway (06C/24C) with a length of 3,500 m (11,483 ft), a new cargo terminal and expanding the airport size to 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi). However, the Japanese Government is postponing these plans for economic reasons. The new runway is only used for landings unless there are incidents prohibiting take off use of runway A.
The airport now expects to handle 129,000 flights during the year 2007, an increase of 11% compared to 2006 figures of 116,475 flights. The new runway allowed the airport to start 24 hour operations in September 2007.[20][21]
Relationship with Itami Airport
Since July 2008, Osaka Prefecture governor Toru Hashimoto has been a vocal critic of Itami Airport, arguing that the Chuo Shinkansen maglev line will make much of its domestic role irrelevant, and that its domestic functions should be transferred to Kansai Airport in conjunction with upgraded high-speed access to Kansai from central Osaka.[22] In 2009, Hashimoto also publicly proposed moving the functions of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Kansai Airport as a possible solution for the political crisis surrounding the base.[23]
In May 2011, the Diet of Japan passed legislation to form a new Kansai International Airport Corporation using the state's existing equity stake in Kansai Airport and its property holdings at Itami Airport. The move was aimed at offsetting Kansai Airport's debt burden.[24]
Terminal
The ground level of the terminal looking north from the centerThe KIX passenger terminal is a single four-storey building designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop (Renzo Piano and Noriaki Okabe) and has a gross floor space of 296,043 square metres (3,186,580 sq ft). It was once the longest airport terminal in the world, at a total length of 1.7 km (1.1 mi) from end to end. It has a sophisticated people mover system called the Wing Shuttle, which moves passengers from one end of the pier to the other.
The terminal's roof is shaped like an airfoil. This shape is used to promote air circulation through the building: giant air conditioning ducts blow air upwards at one side of the terminal, circulate the air across the curvature of the ceiling, and collect the air through intakes at the other side. Mobiles are suspended in the ticketing hall to take advantage of the flowing air.
The ticketing hall overlooks the international departures concourse, and the two are separated by a glass partition. During Kansai's early days, visitors were known to throw objects over the partition to friends in the corridor below. The partition was eventually modified to halt this practice.
Airlines and destinations
The second floor of the Passenger Terminal Building is used for domestic departures and arrivals. All ticketing, boarding, and baggage claim are handled on the second floor. International arrivals go to immigration and baggage claim on the first floor. International departures are ticketed on the fourth floor and board from the third floor.
Airlines Destinations Wing Air Busan Busan North Air China Beijing-Capital, Dalian, Shanghai-Pudong South Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle South Air Hong Kong Hong Kong TBA Air India Delhi, Hong Kong South Air Macau Macau North Air New Zealand Auckland South AirAsia X Kuala Lumpur [begins 30 November] TBA Aircalin Nouméa South Alitalia Rome-Fiumicino North All Nippon Airways Hong Kong, Naha, Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Tokyo-Haneda, Wakkanai North All Nippon Airways operated by Air Nippon Beijing-Capital, Dalian, Fukuoka, Hakodate, Hangzhou, Naha, Qingdao, Tokyo-Haneda North Asiana Airlines Busan, Seoul-Gimpo, Seoul-Incheon
Seasonal: SaipanNorth Cathay Pacific Hong Kong, Taipei-Taoyuan North Cebu Pacific Manila North China Airlines Kaohsiung, New York-JFK, Taipei-Taoyuan South China Eastern Airlines Beijing-Capital, Nanjing, Kunming, Qingdao, Shanghai-Pudong, Wuhan, Yantai South China Southern Airlines Dailan, Guangzhou, Harbin, Shenyang South Continental Airlines Guam South Delta Air Lines Guam, Honolulu, Seattle/Tacoma North Emirates Dubai South EVA Air Taipei-Taoyuan North Finnair Helsinki North Garuda Indonesia Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta North Hainan Airlines Haikou South Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu North Hong Kong Express Airways Hong Kong South Japan Airlines Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Fukuoka, Honolulu, Naha, Sapporo-Chitose, Shanghai-Pudong, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita South Japan Airlines operated by J-Air Fukuoka South Japan Airlines operated by JAL Express Seoul-Gimpo, Shanghai-Pudong, Tokyo-Haneda South Japan Airlines operated by Japan Transocean Air Ishigaki, Naha, Tokyo-Haneda South Jeju Air Seoul-Gimpo, Seoul-Incheon, Jeju North Jetstar Airways Cairns, Gold Coast, Sydney North Jetstar Asia Airways Singapore, Taipei-Taoyuan North KLM Amsterdam North Korean Air Busan, Cheongju, Guam, Jeju, Seoul-Gimpo, Seoul-Incheon North Lufthansa Frankfurt North Malaysia Airlines Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Kuching North Mandarin Airlines Scheduled Charter: Kaohsiung South MIAT Mongolian Airlines Seasonal: Ulan Bator North Peach Fukuoka, Sapporo-Chitose [all services begins 1 March 2012][25] TBD Philippine Airlines Manila South Qatar AirwaysA Doha North Shandong Airlines Jinan, Xi'an South Shanghai Airlines Shanghai-Pudong North Shenzhen Airlines Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Wuxi South Singapore Airlines Singapore South StarFlyer Tokyo-Haneda South Thai Airways International Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi North Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk North United Airlines San Francisco North Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent North Vladivostok Air Vladivostok North Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City South Xiamen Airlines Hangzhou, Xiamen South :A:^ Some of Qatar Airways's flights stop at Tokyo-Narita en route to Doha. However, the airline has no rights to transport passengers between Osaka and Tokyo.
Cargo
Airlines Destinations Air China Cargo Beijing, Shanghai-Pudong Air Hong Kong Hong Kong Aircompany Yakutia Shanghai-Pudong ANA & JP Express Seoul-Incheon ANA Cargo Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dalian, Qingdao, Saga, Shanghai-Pudong, Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita, Xiamen, Okinawa Asiana Cargo Seoul-Incheon Cathay Pacific Cargo Hong Kong China Airlines Cargo Taipei-Taoyuan, Anchorage, Los Angeles China Cargo Airlines Shanghai-Pudong, Xiamen China Postal Airlines Shanghai-Pudong Cathay Pacific Cargo Hong Kong EVA Air Cargo Taipei-Taoyuan FedEx Express Anchorage, Beijing-Capital, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Memphis, Singapore, Shanghai-Pudong, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita Hong Kong Airlines Cargo Hong Kong Korean Air Cargo Seoul-Incheon Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Krasnoyarsk Nippon Cargo Airlines Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong, Shanghai-Pudong, Seoul-Incheon, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita Polar Air Cargo Chicago-O'Hare, Shanghai-Pudong Shanghai Airlines Cargo Shanghai-Pudong Singapore Airlines Cargo Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Singapore UPS Airlines Anchorage, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenzhen Ground transportation
Rail
Kansai International Airport is connected only by the Sky Gate Bridge R, a road / railroad bridge to Rinku Town and the mainland. The lower railroad level of the bridge is used by two railroad operators: West Japan Railway (JR West) and Nankai Electric Railway.
JR West operates Haruka, the limited express train services for Kansai Airport Station from Tennōji, Shin-Ōsaka and Kyoto Station. JR West also offers "Kansai Airport Rapid" services for Kansai Airport Station from Ōsaka and Kyōbashi Station, as well as several stations on the way. Various connections, such as buses, subways, trams, and other railroads, are available at each station.
Nankai operates rapi:t, a limited express train service to Namba Station on the southern edge of downtown Osaka. Subway connections are available at Namba and Tengachaya Station.
Railroad plans were drawn up in the late 1980s for an underwater railway connecting Kansai Airport to downtown Kobe and Kobe Airport, although the extremely high cost of the project led to its indefinite postponement.
Bus
Kansai Airport Transportation Enterprise[26] and other bus operators offer scheduled express bus services, called "Airport Limousines", for Kansai International Airport.
Parking
Sky Gate Bridge to the mainlandTwo six story parking structures, called P1 and P2, are located above a railroad terminal station, while the other two level parking facilities, called P3 and P4, are situated next to "Aeroplaza", a hotel complex.
The airport is only accessible from the Sky Gate Bridge R, a part of Kansai Airport Expressway. The expressway immediately connects to Hanshin Expressways Route 5, "Wangan Route", and Hanwa Expressway.
Ferry service
In July 2007 a high-speed ferry service (run by Kaijo Access Co.) began operating between Kobe Airport and KIX. The journey takes about thirty minutes.
Previous services to Sumoto on Awaji Island and to Tokushima have been discontinued.
Other facilities
Air traffic control tower- Kansai Airport Agency Company Building (航空会社北ビル Kūkō Kaisha Kita Biru) - Houses the Kansai Airport Agency Co., Ltd. (株式会社 関西エアポートエージェンシー Kabushiki Kaisha Kansai Eapōto Ējenshī)[27][28]
- Kensetsu-to (建設棟 Kensetsu-tō)
- The head office of the Kansai International Airport Land Development Co.,Ltd. (KALD, 関西国際空港用地造成株式会社 Kansai Kokusai Kūkō Yōchi Zōsei Kabushiki Kaisha) is on the fourth floor.[29]
- The Peach Aviation head office is on the fifth floor.[30][31]
- Aeroplaza (エアロプラザ Earopuraza) is located on the west side of Kansai Airport Station. It includes a hotel, restaurants, rental car counters, and other businesses[32]
- Central power station (KEPCO energy center, 40,000 kW
- Central heating and cooling plant
- Sewage disposal plant (disposing 20,000 m3 (5,300,000 US gal) per day)
- Incineration plant
- JAL Cargo import and export facilities (in southern portion)[4]
- Japan Coast Guard Kansai airport Coast Guard air base
- Japan Coast Guard Special Security Team Base
- Osaka international post office (treating international postal matters about 19,000 tonnes per year)
- Oil tanker berths (three berths) and Fuel Supply center
- Airport access bridge ("The Sky Gate Bridge R")
- The longest truss bridge in the world at 3,750 m (12,303 ft). The double-decker bridge consists of a lower deck devoted to rail, with the upper for road.
References
- ^ a b AIS Japan
- ^ a b Kansai International Airport Statistics – Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.
- ^ a b Home. Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport. Retrieved on July 23, 2011. "Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport 1, Senshu-kuko Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 549-0001, Japan "
- ^ a b "OSAKA KANSAI (Kansai International Airport)." JAL Cargo. Retrieved on July 23, 2011. "Departure JAL Export Cargo Bldg. 1 Senshu Airport Minami, Sennan, Osaka Arrival JALKAS Import Cargo Bldg. 1 Senshu Airport Minami, Sennan, Osaka"
- ^ "航空運送事業の許可について（Peach・Aviation 株式会社）." Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. July 7, 2011 (Heisei 23). Retrieved on July 21, 2011. "１．本社所在地 大阪府泉南郡田尻町泉州空港中１番地（関西空港内）"
- ^ anna.aero. "ANA and JAL both report massive load factor improvement on international services in 2010". anna.aero Airline News. http://www.anna.aero/2010/08/04/ana-and-jal-both-report-massive-load-factor-improvement-on-international-services-in-2010/. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
- ^ Flight plan on summer '08
- ^ Osaka Journal; Impatient City's Mission: Steal Tokyo's Thunder, New York Times, 9 December 1989.
- ^ Some Minor Gains on Trade Conflicts, New York Times, 2 May 1987.
- ^ US Cancels A Plan To Begin Sanctions After Japan Acts, New York Times, 27 October 1993.
- ^ Osaka Notebook, International Herald Tribune, 24 August 1992.
- ^ Sinking Feeling at Hong Kong Airport, International Herald Tribune, 22 January 1982.
- ^ Osaka Journal; Huge Airport Has Its Wings Clipped, New York Times, 3 July 1991.
- ^ U.S. Engineering Society names Kansai International Airport a Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium – Press release from American Society of Civil Engineers
- ^ Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. – Condition of Settlement
- ^ Will Fees Sink New Osaka Airport?, International Herald Tribune, 5 August 1994.
- ^ Pride and (Ouch!) Price: The $14 Billion Airport, New York Times, 16 December 1993.
- ^ The reason for construction of The 2nd runway– Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.
- ^ - Daily Yomiuri Online - Opening of new KIX runway celebrated
- ^ "Kansai opens its Second Runway", Airports - September/October 2007 (Key Publishing), P7
- ^ "24 hours operation from 1st September 2007" from Sankei Newspaper (Japanese) on 24 August 2007.
- ^ Airport wars roil Kansai region, Japan Times
- ^ Will the U.S. Marines charge ashore at Kansai airport?, Japan Today
- ^ 関空・伊丹統合法が成立 １兆円超す負債解消目指す, Asahi Shimbun
- ^ http://www.flypeach.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/110823-Press-Release-E.pdf
- ^ Kansai Airport Transportation Enterprise
- ^ "090406a.pdf." Kansai International Airport Land Development Co.,Ltd. Retrieved on November 2, 2011. "Kansai Airport Agency Company Building (4F) 1 Senshu-Kuko Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 549-0001"
- ^ "会社情報." Kansai Airport Agency. Retrieved on November 2, 2011. "〒５４９－０００１ 大阪府泉佐野市泉州空港北１番地航空会社北ビル４Ｆ"
- ^ "見学ホール." Kansai International Airport Land Development Co.,Ltd. Retrieved on November 1, 2011. "〒549-0001 大阪府泉佐野市泉州空港北一番地 建設棟4F"
- ^ "Privacy Policy." Peach Aviation. Retrieved on July 23, 2011. "Peach Aviation Limited Kensetsu-to 5th floor, 1-Senshukuko-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan 549-8585" - Japanese: "〒549-8585 大阪府泉佐野市泉州空港北一番地 建設棟5階 Peach Aviation株式会社"
- ^ "About Us." Peach. Retrieved on November 1, 2011. "Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan 549-8585" Address in Japanese: "大阪府泉佐野市"
- ^ "Airport Facilities Information." Kansai International Airport. Retrieved on July 23, 2011. ""
- ^ "Privacy Policy." Peach Aviation. Retrieved on July 23, 2011. "Personal information desk Peach Aviation Limited Aeroplaza 3F, 1 Senshu-kuko-naka, Tajiricho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 549-8585, Japan" - Japanese: "〒549-8585 大阪府泉南郡田尻町泉州空港中1 番地エアロプラザ3F Peach Aviation株式会社 個人情報取り扱い担当行き"
- ^ "About Us." Peach. Retrieved on July 21, 2011. "Tajiri-cho, Sennangun, Osaka, Japan" Address in Japanese: "本社所在地 大阪府泉南郡田尻町"
External links
- KIX operations website in English
- KIX corporate website
- KIX development website
- History of KIX
- Kansai International Airport travel guide from Wikitravel
- About the project of Kansai International Airport
- Kansai airport faces competition - Japan Times editorial, August 10, 2007
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